• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.378-387
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• 2016

심혈관계 위험인자를 비침습적으로 분석할 수 있는 PWV에 관한 다수의 선행연구에서 의견이 분분하고, 결과에 대한 일관성이 부족한 부분을 재현하고자 연구에 임하였으며, 더욱이 날로 증가하고 있는 노인을 대상으로 운동참여 여부와 성별에 따른 노인의 말초동맥파속도(baPWV), 신체구성과 심혈관계 변인의 상관성 및 재변인의 차이를 검증하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 규칙적인 운동을 수행해온 노인남성 39명(이하, 운동군M) 과 운동을 수행해 오고 있지 않은 동일 연령대의 노인남성 38명(이하, 통제군M), 규칙적인 운동을 수행해온 노인여성 40명(이하, 운동군F) 과 운동을 수행해오고 있지 않은 동일 연령대의 노인여성 37명(이하, 통제군F)을 대상으로 변인에 대한 상관성과 집단별 재변인들 간의 차이를 알아본 결과 노인남성 운동군의 baPWV range와 근육량(r=0.357, p=0.026), 수축기혈압(r=0.468, p=0.003), rbaPWV (r=0.406, p=0.010), lbaPWV (r=0.333, p=0.038)가 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였고, 노인남성 통제군의 경우는 baPWV range와 심박수(r=0.395, p=0.014), rbaPWV (r=0.598, p=0.000), lbaPWV (r=0.602, p=0.000)가 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 노인여성 운동군은 baPWV range와 진단명(r=0.321, p=0.044), 수축기혈압 (r=0.399, p=0.011), 이완기혈압(r=0.545, p=0.000), rbaPWV (r=0.648, p=0.000), lbaPWV (r=0.676, p=0.000)가 유의한 상관성을 보였고, 노인여성 통제군 경우는 baPWV range와 나이 (r=0.471, p=0.003), rbaPWV (r=0.836, p=0.000), lbaPWV (r=0.801, p=0.000)가 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 반면 말초동맥파속도 변인 중 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 그룹은 없는 것으로 나타났고, 요둔위($F_{3,150}=9.197$, p=0.000), 근육량($F_{3,150}=74.295$, p=0.000), 체지방율($F_{3,150}=35.045$, p=0.000), 수축기 혈압($F_{3,150}=3.525$, p=0.017)이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 집단별 특성에 따라 다양한 결과가 나타난다는 사실을 알 수 가 있었으며, 신체구성 변인과 심혈관계 변인 중 수축기 혈압은 운동 여부에 따라 민감한 변화와 차이를 보인 것으로 보아 노인의 경우 운동그룹은 신체구성과 심혈관계 일부 변인에 변화를 줄 수 있다고 단정지어 볼 수 있겠으나, 위팔-발목 맥박파전파속도에 대해서는 일관된 결과가 도출되지 않아서 이에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

A study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric indices, fat distribution, eating habits and levels of daily physical activity based on the body mass index (BMI ; kg/㎡) of 180 female college students. This stady was based on survey 2001 using a questionnaire. The results are as follow ; The mean age, height, weight and BMI were 20.41 ${\pm}$ 1.82 years, 161.86 ${\pm}$ 4.51cm, 53.49 ${\pm}$ 7.02kg, and 20.43 ${\pm}$ 2.65kg/㎡, respectively. The group with BMI of under 20 (the lean group) comprised 48.9% : the group with BMI of 20 to 25 (the normal group) comprised 44.4% and the group with BMI of over 25 (the obese group) comprised 6.7% of the subjects. Even though the lean and the normal groups were determined according to BMI. 12.5% of the lean group and 31.3% of the normal group had more than 25% body fat. Of the students, 11.5% of the lean group, 25.0% of the normal group and 58.3% of the obese group had of more than 0.8 waist/Hip Ratio (WHR). The medical problems suffered by the subjects were constipation (24.4%), gastroenteritis (20.6%), anemia(15.0%) and edema(13.3%), which was a result of their eating habits. Out of all the subjects, 27.2% ingested their meals irregularly, 74.4% skipped breakfast, and 92.4% of the lean group, 89.2% of the normal group and 81.8% of the obese group ingested snacks on a daily basis. Their favorite types of snacks were cookies breads and cakes (33.7%), spicy sliced rice cakes pork sausage and boiled fish cakes (18.5%), fruits (15.2%), juices and sodas (13.5%) and hamburgers and pizzas (3.9%). Their consumption of high calorie and processed foods was high, Of the subjects, 38.9% ate out daily. 45.1% had tried weight loss. Those with large upper bodies comprised 11.5%, large intermediate bodies 18.5% and large lower bodies 69.0%. Most of the students were dissatisfied with their body snaps. Of the subjects, 95.1% exercised irregularly. Daily physical activity tended to increase significantly with an increase in BMI : the lean group's average energy consumption was 1509.40㎉ the normal group's was 1792.21㎉ and the obese group's was 2334.63㎉, which were below the recommended value. This study suggests that the maintenance of an ideal weight, the improvement of eating habits and adequate exercise are needed for female college students to improve their health and nutritional status. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) 21∼28, 2003)

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.405-416
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to investigate changes in serum lipid levels with age and gender, and to determine which factors affect the serum lipid profiles. The anthropometric parameters(height, weight, waist girth, hip girth) and biochemical status(cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-chol.) were measured for clinically normal adults(male 89, female 91) in Yeongdong area. The results are as follows: 1. The obesity index was significantly higher in female($115.2{\pm}15.2%$) than in male($109.9{\pm}13.4%$), but waist/hip girth ratio(WHR) was significantly higher in male ($0.89{\pm}0.05$) than in female($0.81{\pm}0.06$). 2. Male subjects had higher triglyceride and atherogenic index and lower HDL-cholesterol and relative cholesterol than those of female subjects. 3. Prevalences of hypercholesteolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoHDL-cholesterolemia were 9.0%, 9.0%, 14.6% respectively in male and 9.9%, 2.2%, 4.4% in female. 4. WHR positively correlated with serum cholesterol, TG, LDL/HDL and A.I., and negatively correlated with HDL-chol. and relative chol. Correlation analyses indicated that WHR seemed to be more closely associated with serum lipid levels(rather than obesity index). 5. Age showed positive correlations with waist girth, WHR, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL and A.I., but negative correlations with height, body weight and relative cholesterol. 6. There was significant differences in TG concentration between drinker($169.3{\pm}130.0mg/dl$) and non-drinker($111.4{\pm}64.5mg/dl$), and smoker($165{\pm}103.6mg/dl$) and non-smoker ($110.8{\pm}39.0mg/dl$). That is to say that as risk factors for hyperlipidemia are obesity index, serum lipid concentration, life style(such as alcohol drinking and smoking) and age. Specially major risk factors are drinking, smoking and regulated exercise in male and age is an important risk factor in female.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the finalists in the women's 100 m event to provide important information to coaches and athletes. Three different biomechanics techniques were applied for analyzing sprinter motion: LAVEG, a panning technique, and 12 video cameras for 3 dimensional analysis of the 40 m - 70 m portion of the race. Carmelita Jeter(USA) performed the maximum speed of 10.54 m/s at the distance of 58.2 m. There was a tendency to show a better performance time with a high number of steps (p=.13) and shorter stride length (p=.14) among the 8 sprints. Furthermore, the stride frequency and the performance time were negatively correlated as a higher stride frequency had a positive impact on the performance time (p=.02). Based on 3 dimensional analysis, the 4 top ranked sprinters used the different strategies to maintain a high COM (Center of Mass) velocity during the mid portion of the race (40 m - 70 m). Carmelita Jeter(USA) showed more flexed knee and hip motion at heel contact (HC) to maintain a high COM velocity while S.A. Fraser-Pryce (JAM) showed more extended knee and hip motion at HC. On the other hands, Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) and Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI) showed a tendency to have high knee lifts during the swing phase to maintain the high COM velocity during the race. These biomechanical analyses of the women's 100 m final event in the 2011 WC, Daegu, will provide important scientific information to coaches and athletes for understanding the sprinting mechanism of today's top-class sprinters.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental information for success factors of techniques through kinematic analysis including coordination of lower extremities and landing stability according to the success and failure of $540^{\circ}$ Dwihuryeochagi in Taekwondo. Twenty Taekwondo athletes: ten success group (S, age: $22.3{\pm}1.8$ yrs, height: $172.1{\pm}5.4$ cm, body mass: $64.4{\pm}4.2$ kg) and ten failure group (F, age: $22.3{\pm}1.8$ yrs, height: $172.1{\pm}5.4$ cm, body mass: $64.4{\pm}4.2$ kg) participated in this study. Three-dimensional motion analysis using a system of 3 video cameras with a sampling of 60 fields/s was performed during the competition of $540^{\circ}$ Dwihuryeochagi. Motions were divided into five events: pivot foot landing (E1), pivot foot toe off (E2), COM max height (E3), kick impact (E4) and landing (E5). At E1, the stride width was greater for S than for F (p<.05) while the time was greater for S than for F during P4 (p<.05). At E4, knee angle was greater for S than for F (p<.05). At E5, hip angle was greater for S than for F (p<.05) while kick distance was greater for S than for F (p<.05). Furthermore, at P3, the time would be related to kicking velocity (p<.05), while at P4, the time, range of hip angle and knee angle would be related to kick distance (p<.05). At P1, COM horizontal velocity would be related to COM vertical velocity of P1 and P2 (p<.05). Based on the findings, success factors of $540^{\circ}\acute{y}$ Dwihuryeochagi were COM horizontal velocity of P1, COM vertical velocity of P2, the time, kick distance, velocity, angle of lower extremities and coordination of P3-P4.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.577-591
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the difference of the body image recognition, food habits, food behaviors and nutrient intake according to the obesity index(underweight-, normal-, obese group) in children(aged 10.8 ys, 47 boys, 33 girls). Subjects were eva1uated based an anthrofometric measurement and questionnaries including food record diary in Changwon. The results are summarized as follows. The weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference and birth weight except height showed a significant difference between the three groups(p<0.001). The waist and hip circumference showed the possibility of being a predictor of obesity in children. The children's obesity was related to mother's weight(p<0.01), but not to father's. Ninety percent of the obese group, 47.8% of the normal group, and 37.8% of the underweight group preferred a thinner figure than their current status. The underweight group did more exercise regularly than the other groups. The underweight and obese groups had more irregular meal times and foster eating habits compared to the normal group. Most of subjects(89.9%) had an overeating habit, and tole ratio of the overeating habit increased with obesity. Fifty five percent of the subjects clad the habit of skipping meals, mainly breakfast. 46.8% of the subjects ate snacks more than twice per a day, the underweight and obese groups had snacks more of than the normal group. The preferred snack was 'cookies'and 'fruits ＆ juices'. 53.8% of the subjects had a prejudice for special food(especially 'pulses'(37.9%) and 'vegetables'(31.0%)). The assessment scores of food behaviors was relatively low in most of the subjects. Most nutrient intakes, except vitamin B$_1$, C and phosphate, were lower than those of Korean RDA. The nutrient intake of the normal group was higher than the underweight and obese groups. The results of this study showed some nutritional problems, which indicates the need for nutritional management for the children. To educate children, who are able to change their food habits and lifestyle, each means to help healthy growth and to help them become healthy adults.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between past smoking and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Methods : From January 2007 to December 2007, a total of 3,916 over thirty years old male health screen examinees were divided into the nonsmoking, smoking, ex-smoking groups. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the criteria of the NCEP ATP III(Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program). Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following: a blood pressure $\geq$ 130/85 mmHg, a fasting glucose level $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, a HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) level < 40 mg/dL, a triglyceride level $\geq$ 150 mg/dL and, a waist circumference men $\geq$ 102 cm, but a waist to hip ratio > 0.90 was used as a surrogate for the waist circumference. Results : After adjustment for age, alcohol consumption and, exercise in the smokers, for the ex-smokers compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio (OR) of a lower HDL cholesterol level (<40 mg/dL) was 1.29 (95% CI=1.03-1.61) in the smokers, the ORs of a higher triglyceride level were 1.35 (95% CI=1.09-1.66) in the ex-smokers and, 2.12 (95% CI=1.75-2.57) in the smokers, and the OR of a waist to hip ratio was 1.25 (95% CI=1.03-1.52) in the ex-smokers. When there were over three components of metabolic syndrome in the ex-smokers and smokers as compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio against the risk of metabolic syndrome were 2.39 (95% CI=1.00-6.63) and 2.37 (95% CI=1.02-6.46), respectively. Conclusions : The present study suggested that there is an association of smoking with metabolic syndrome in men.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2023

이 연구의 목적은 계단 내리기 시 성별과 중량차이가 하지역학에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 건강한 남성 10 명과 여성 10 명이 참여하였다. 계단 내리기 동작은 중량 변화(체중의 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%)에 따라 영상분석법과 지면반력 시스템을 이용해 분석하였다. 골반의 최대 합성속도에서 성별(남성>여성)과 중량변화(30%, 20%, 10%> 0%)에 따라 서로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 성별과 중량 간 상호작용이 나타났다(중량>성별). 계단 내리기 동안 성별의 주효과는 초기 접촉 단계에서 남성보다 여성이 더 감소된 다리길이를 보였다. 또한, 남성보다 여성에게서 더 굴곡된 엉덩, 무릎관절 각도와 발목관절 각도의 저측 굴곡형태가 나타났다. 운동역학 변인에서, 계단 내리기 시 성별의 주효과는 남성보다 여성이 더 증가된 좌우 지면반력과 다리강성을 보였다. 결론적으로 여성들이 계단 내리기 동안 엉덩 관절의 운동 범위와 함께 합성이동속도를 감소시켜 중량을 성공적으로 수용한다는 것을 발견하였다. 반면 남성들은 중량수용과 운동량을 제어하기 위해 좌우 및 수직지면반력, 그리고 다리강성을 더 증가시킨다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

경남지역 모 대학교에 재학 중인 여자 대학생 212명을 대상으로 인체 계측과 건강에 관련된 습관에 대하여 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 총대상자의 평균 연령은 20.7 세, 신장은 161.8 cm, 체중은 53.5 kg이었으며, 비만도는 98.4%이었으며 체질량 지수는 $20.6\;kg/m^2$이었고 허리-엉덩이 둘레 비율은 0.80이었다. 이와 같은 신체 계측치는 한국인의 정상 범위에 속하는 것이지만, 조사 대상자의 63.7%가 상체가 하체에 비하여서 불균형적으로 약한 체형인 것으로 나타났다. 이들 대상자를 불균형적으로 상체가 약한 군(UU, n=135)으로 하고 대조군으로써 상 하체가 균형인 군(BU, n=77)의 두 군으로 나누어서 측정 결과치를 비교 분석하였다. 체중, 비만도, 체질량지수, 허리-엉덩이 둘레비가 BU군에 비하여서 UU군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 체단백질, 체지방, 체무기질량도 역시 UU군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 상완근육 둘레를 측정한 결과, UU군이 BU군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았다. 운동의 규칙적 수행 여부를 알아본 결과 UU군의 1.5%, BU군에서 7.8%가 '운동을 규칙적으로 하고 있다'고 답하였다. 한편 '운동을 전혀 하고 있지 않다'라고 답한 비율이 UU군과 BU군에서 각각 55.5%, 31.2%로써, 운동을 하지 않는 경우가 UU군에서 1.8배 정도 많았다. 운동을 할 경우에 얼마나 오래하는지에 대한 질문에 UU군의 38.4%와 BU군의 35.8%가 30분 이하로 운동을 한다고 답하여서, 여자 대학생이 운동을 한다 하더라도 운동 시간이 충분하지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구 조사 결과, 상체가 하체에 비하여서 불균형적으로 약한 여자 대학생이 총 조사 대상자의 63.7%이나 되었으며, 이들의 운동 습관에 문제가 있는 것으로 나타나서 운동을 습관화하여 꾸준히 하고 특히 상체와 팔 근육을 발달시키는 운동을 실천하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다. 아울러 여자 대학생만을 대상으로 하여 체형의 올바른 인식을 위한 교육의 필요성이 절실하며, 신체 부위의 균형을 고려한 운동 프로그램 개발이 시급하다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

Recently interests on raw-food diets are rapidly increasing in relation to chronic diseases prevention in Korea, but studies on raw-food diets have been hardly performed by nutritionists. This study was performed to investigate the effects of low-calorie diets using a raw-food formula in the form of freeze-dried powder on obesity and its complications in the obese women (body mass index (BMI) $\geq$ 25kg/㎡) for eight weeks. Forty premenopausal women (mean BMI 28.04kg/㎡, mean age 28.33years old) participated in this diet intervention, and were controlled by eating 1 regular meal, 1-2 snacks and 2 raw-food formula (140kcal/pack) meals a day within the 1500-1300kcal ranges. Anthropo-mentric measurements, body compositions, physical exercise, and obesity-related risk factors were assessed before (the initial), during (the 4th week) and after (the 8th week) the study. All the data was analyzed by paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and nonparametric rank test at p<0.05 level. Obesity was significantly increased during this study, and it was decreased in weight (-4.59%, p<0.000), BMI (-4.56%, p<0.000), body fat percent (-6.18%, p<0.000), fat mass (-10.19%, p<0.000), waist and hip circumferences(-5.69%, p<0.000 and -2.55%, p<0.000) and WHR (-3.24%, p<0.000). Energy expenditure of physical exercise was increased as much as 70kca1/day during the study (p=0.000), but it did not have any correlations with weight loss and changes of body compositions. Biochemical measurements including blood triglyceride(p <0.006) and leptin(p<0.000) levels were significantly decreased, LDL cholesterol level was increased(p<0.05), but all the blood lipid levels were in the normal ranges. Fatty liver echogenicity and menstrual irregularity were improved after the diet intervention(p<0.000 and p<0.034). In conclusion, this B-week low-calorie diet intervention using raw-food formula was effective for obese premenopausal women in reducing obesity and its risk factors so as not to proceed towards comorbidities. However, the variation of blood lipid levels should be observed for a longer Period.