• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2007

The purpose of this preliminary study is to improve the efficiency of gene transfer of nonviral plasmid DNA by in vivo electroporation in ischemic hindlimb muscle, tibialis anterior. Hindlimb ischemic model was aseptically made by excision of left femoral artery. Each $50\;{\mu}g$ of pEGFP-C1 and pGL3-control in $100\;{\mu}l$ 0.9% NaCl was injected in tibialis anterior muscle. In vivo electroporation was applied on the same site with 10 mm-distance 2 needle array electrodes and ECM830. In 3 groups of normal rat with different electric field strength 0, 200 and 800 V/cm, the expression of pEGFP-C1 was comparatively evaluated. In 8 groups of normal rats, the expression of pGL3-control was evaluated in 0, 40, 50, 80, 100, 150, 200 and 300 V/cm of electric field strength. In 5 groups of ischemic models, the expression of pGL3-control was analyzed on 0, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days elapsed after making ischemic models. In 9 groups of ischemic rats, the expression of pGL3-control was analyzed in the electric field strength 0, 60, 70, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 V/cm. GFP expressions in normal tibialis anterior were high in the extent and degree in order of electric field strength of 200, 800 and 0 V/cm. Luciferase value was highest in $50{\sim}100\;V/cm$ electric field strength. In the case of ischemic models, luciferase expression was significantly increasing in the order elapsed time after making the model. The degree of luciferase expression was higher in cases of application of in vivo electroporation than in that of non-application and was highest in $100{\sim}150\;V/cm$. In conclusion, in vivo electroporation is effective in transfer and expression of plasmid DNA in normal and ischemic tibialis anterior of rat.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2004

Trichinella spiralis is one of the important zoonotic parasites with a wide variety of vertebrates hosts in nature. The purpose of this study were to analyze ESP(Excretory-Secretory Protein) antigen, to evaluate ELISA for the serological diagnosis of Trichinosis, and to survey T. spiralis infection in finishing pigs using the pepsin digestion method and ELISA in Korea. In the analysis of ESP antigen by SDS-PAGE and Western blot, 4 major bands (70, 55, 52.6, and 49 kDa) were revealed from the ESP antigen. Predilection sites of T. spiralis were the diaphragm, the tongue, masseter muscles, intercostal muscle, and hindlimb in orders in the experimentally infected rats. Sera from 581 swine were tested by ELISA with ESP antigen. The 54 (9.3%) sera were suspected as positive reactors, however, these 54 sera were determined as false positives by the use of Western blotting. This study demonstrated that the ELISA was not suitable for the examination of T. spiralis in pork. The diaphragm muscle samples of 251 finishing pigs were tested by the method of pepsin-digestion for the presence of Trichinella larvae, however, T. spiralis was not detected from the samples. We could not find out T. spiralis infection in pig in Korea pork.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2020

A 13-month-old, 3.3 kg castrated male Shih-tzu presented with right hindlimb lameness. The physical examination revealed atrophy of the right thigh muscles, hyperextension of the stifle joint and external torsion of the tibia. On the radiographic examination, patella alta and genu recurvatum were observed. A biapical deformity of the tibia and external torsion of the distal tibia were detected by computed tomography (CT). A three-dimensional (3D) printed bone model was designed and constructed for the preoperative plan prior to surgery. Rectus femoris muscle transposition, femoral shortening ostectomy and open wedge osteotomy of the distal tibia were performed using hybrid external skele/t0al fixation (hybrid-ESF). A dynamic stifle flexion apparatus was used to prevent recurrence of a quadriceps contracture (QC). Intense physiotherapy was administered postoperatively. The dog began to use the affected limb one week after surgery. Functional improvement in the affected limb was observed, and full weight-bearing was possible at 3 months after surgery. Union of the osteotomy lines was observed at 3 months, and the stifle joint was fully movable at 7 months after surgery. Regarding the treatments for QC, these methods may be excellent candidates, as they do not lead to severe damage to the limb or amputation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 1997

골격근의 과축적 당원의 운동 중 이용 양상과 골격근의 구성 섬유 특성에 따른 당원의 이용 양상을 규명한 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 정상 군의 당원 농도는 가자미근에서 $4.57{\pm}0.34mg/gm\;wet\;wt.$(이하 동일 단위)였으며 적색 비복근은 $5.11{\pm}0.24$, 족척근은 $6.55{\pm}0.20$으로서 족척근이 가장 높았다. 가자미근의 당원 농도는 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군에서 정상 군에 비해서 약 1.9배 높았으며 적색 비복근은 1.8배 높았다. 족척근의 당원 농도는 운동 후 당 투여 군에서 정상 군과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 각 당원 농도는 정상군에서 $41.0{\pm}1.47$이였으며 대조 군에서는 정상군의 2.9%에 불과했으나 당투여 1시간, 2시간 및 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군등 모든 군의 당원농도는 정상 군의 19 - 32%의 범위 내에 있었다. 혈당 및 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당 투여 군에서 가장 높았으며 유리 지방산은 대조군 및 당투여 2시간군에서 높았다. 운동 부하 중 가자미근 및 적색 비복근의 당원감소는 초 과축적 당원군, 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 운동 부하 첫 30분에 급격하였으나 초 과축적군에서 더 급격하였다. 운동 부하 30분에서 60분 사이에는 초 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 당원 감소는 거의 없었으나 과축적군에서는 지속적인 감소 상을 보였다. 간 당원은 정상 군에서 가장 급격한 감소를 보였으며 골격근과는 달리 운동 부하 60분간 지속적으로 감소하였다. 초 과축적당원군의 간 당원 농도는 변화가 없거나 증가하는 경향이었다. 운동 부하 중 혈당은 모든 실험군에서 감소하였으며 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 감소하였다. 혈중 유리 지방산 농도는 모든 군에서 증가하였으며 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 가장 낮았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1981

Experiments were conducted in ischemic decerebrate cats to study the effects of electroacupuncture and electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve on pain reaction. Flexion reflex was used as an index of pain. The reflex was elicited by stimulating the sural nerve(20 V, 0.5 msec duration) and recorded as a compound action potential from the nerve innervated to the semitendinosus muscle. Electroacupuncture was performed, using a 23-gauge hyperdermic needle, on the tsusanli point in the lateral upper tibia of the ipsilateral hindlimb. The common peroneal nerve was selected as a peripheral nerve which may be associated with electroacupuncture action, as it runs through the tissue portion under the tsusanli point. Both for electroacupuncture and the stimulation of common peroneal nerve a stimulus of 20 V-intensity, 2 msec-duration and 2 Hz-frequency was applied for 60 min. The results are summerized as follows: 1) The electroacupuncture markedly depressed the flexion reflex; this effect was eliminated by systemic application of naloxone $(0.02{\sim}0.12\;mg/kg)$, a specific narcotic antagonist. 2) Similarly, the electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve significantly depressed the flexion reflex, the effect being reversed by naloxone. 3) When most of the afferent nerves excluding sural nerve in the ipsilateral hindlimb were cut, the effect of electroacupuncture on the flexion reflex was not observed. Whereas direct stimulation of the common peroneal nerve at the proximal end from the cut resulted in a significant reduction of the flexion reflex, again the effect was reversible by naloxone application. 4) Transection of the spinal cord at the thoracic 12 did not eliminate the effect of peripheral nerve stimulation on the flexion reflex and its reversal by naloxone, although the effect was significantly less than that in the animal with spinal cord intact. These results suggest that: 1) the analgesic effect of an electroacupuncture is directly mediated by the nervous system and involves morphine-like substances in CNS, 2) the site of analgesic action of electroacupuncture resides mainly in the brainstem and in part in the spinal cord.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.200-201
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• 2008

A case of cutaneous fibroma was diagnosed in the skin of the right hindlimb of a Korean indigenous cattle in Kyungpook province, Korea. Grossly, the protruding skin nodules consisted of a solitary mass $(1.5{\times}1.5{\sim}3.0{\times}3.0cm)$ above large grapelike warty nodules $(11.0{\times}11.0cm)$ on the leg. These masses were firm and rubbery, and the cut surface was gray to white. Histopathologically, the benign neoplastic nodules consisted of spindle-type fibroblasts with collagen. Melanoma, sarcoma, and fibropapilloma were excluded because there was no sign of melanin, muscle type cells, or epidermal proliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cutaneous fibroma in a Korean indigenous cattle in Korea.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

Microcurrent electrical stimulation(MES) has been used to accelerate recovery of atrophied skeletal muscle. However, convincing stimulation parameters for suppressing muscle atrophy due to injured sciatic nerve remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effective intensity of MES on restraining muscle atrophy with rat model underwent sciatic nerve injury(SNI). Twenty-5-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were equally assigned to five groups : Control group(Control, CON, n = 4), Denervation group(Denervation, D, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $22{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $22{\mu}A$, D+22, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $100{\mu}A$ group (Denervation + $100{\mu}A$, D+100 n = 4), Denervation with MES of $400{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $400{\mu}A$, D+400, n = 4). To induce muscle atrophy, all rats in the D, D+22, D+100, and D+400 groups, were subjected to sciatic nerve injury on their right hindlimb and allowed to have 1 week of resting period. Following this period, rats underwent daily MES(60 min/ a day, 5times/1week) for 4 weeks. After that, we investigate morphological changes in muscle volume by using in vivo micro-computed tomography at week 0, 1, 3 and 5. After 5 weeks, the muscle volume had the highest value in D+400 group, and also noticeably increased in D+100 group compared to it in D group. The results of this study imply that MES with current intensities between $100-400{\mu}A$ can suppress muscle atrophy effectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.809-818
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• 2022

Background: The non-saponin fraction (NSF) of Korean Red Ginseng is a powder in which saponin is eliminated from red ginseng concentrate by fractionation. In this study, we examined the effect of NSF on age-associated sarcopenia in old mice. Methods: NSF (50 or 200 mg/kg/day) was administered orally daily to young (3-6-month-old) and old (20-24-month-old) C57BL/6 J mice for 6 weeks. Body weight and grip strength were assessed once a week during the oral administration period. The gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle were excised, and the muscle fiber size was compared through hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, the effect of NSF on sarcopenia and inflammation/oxidative stress-related factors in hindlimb muscles was investigated by western blotting. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of NSF on immune homeostasis. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture, and the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and glutathione were evaluated. Results: NSF significantly alleviated muscle strength, mass, and also fiber size in old mice. Age-associated impairment of immune homeostasis was recovered by NSF through retaining CD11b⁺F4/80⁺ macrophages and regulating inflammatory biomarkers. NSF also decreased the age-induced expression of oxidative stress factors. Taken together, NSF showed the effect of improving sarcopenia by inhibiting low-grade chronic inflammatory/oxidative stress factors. Conclusion: NSF exhibited anti-sarcopenia effects by regulating chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in old mice. Thus, we suggest that NSF is a promising restorative agent that can be used to improve sarcopenia in the elderly as well as maintain immune homeostasis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

목적: 전침과 경피신경전기자극이 근육 손상에 미치는 차이와 효과에 대하여 알아보기 위하여 이 실험을 시행하였다. 방법: 8-10주령의 건강한 S-D계 흰쥐 18마리(250-300g)가 이 실험에 사용되었으며 각 실험은 수술을 통하여 장지신근을 30초간 수술용 겸좌로 압좌한 후 무작위로 세 그룹으로 나누었다. 아무런 처치를 하지 않은 그룹을 대조군(Con), TENS 적용 그룹을 실험군-1(Ex-1), 전참 적용군을 실험군-2(Ex-2)으로 정하여 전기 자극을 반도 2Hz, 강도 1mA, 통전시간 15분 씩 7일간 적용한 후 각 그룹에서 2마리씩 1, 3, 7일에 희생하여 척수의 요수부위를 적출하여 이를 NT-3 항체 처리하여 염색하였다. 결과: 실험군-1, 2는 대조군에 비하여 조금 더 많은 NT-3가 발현됨을 관찰 할 수 있었지만, 각 실험군 간의 큰 차이는 발견하지 못하였다. 결론: TENS와 전침적용의 분자수준에서의 큰 차이점은 없다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.744-753
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• 2021

Background: Gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) is a new non-saponin component glycolipoprotein isolated from ginseng root. This study examined the effect of GEF on age-related sarcopenia in old C57BL/6J mice. Methods: Young (3-6 months) and old (20-24 months) C57BL/6J mice received oral GEF (50 mg/kg/day or 150 mg/kg/day) daily for 5 weeks. During the oral administration period, body weight and grip strength were measured weekly. After sacrifice, muscles from the hindlimb were excised and used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and western blotting to determine the effects of GEF on sarcopenia. The thymus was photographed to compare size, and flow cytometry was performed to examine the effect of GEF on immune homeostasis in the thymus and spleen. Blood samples were collected, and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IGF-1 were measured. Results: GEF caused a significant increase in muscle strength, mass, and fiber size in old mice. GEF restored age-related disruption of immune homeostasis by maintaining T cell compartments and regulating inflammatory biomarkers. Thus, GEF reduced common low-grade chronic inflammatory parameters, which are the main cause of muscle loss. Conclusion: GEF maintained immune homeostasis and inhibited markers of chronic inflammation, resulting in anti-sarcopenia effects in aged C57BL/6J mice. Thus, GEF is a potential therapeutic agent that slows sarcopenia in the elderly.