• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1349-1353
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• 2008

충청남도, 천안시 대기 에어로졸의 입경별 농도 및 이온성분 특성을 분석하고자, 2006년 3월부터 2007년 4월까지 천안시 상명대학교에서 Cascade Impactor를 장착한 High Volume Air Sampler를 이용하여 대기 시료를 채취 분석하였다. 입경별 에어로졸의 일평균농도는 TSP, PM10, PM2.5, PM1이 각각 61.7, 55.2, 43.7, $33.2{\mu}g/m^3$였으며, 직경이 $1{\sim}3{\mu}m$인 영역을 경계로 조대영역과 미세영역으로 나누어지는 전형적인 도심지 특성을 나타냈다. 이 중 미세영역입자인 PM2.5이 전체 에어로졸의 70.8%를 차지하였다. 이들 에어로졸 입자의 성분 분석 결과 양이온은 ${NH_{4}}^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$이, 음이온은 ${SO_{4}}^{2-}$, ${NO_{3}}^-$, $Cl^-$가 주요 성분이었으며, 이들 수용성 이온이 차지하는 비율은 조대입자에서 37.4%, 미세입자에서 46.2%였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1782-1786
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• 2008

천안시 대기 입자 중 원소 성분의 분포 특성을 파악하기 위해, Cascade Impactor를 장착한 High Volume Air Sampler를 이용하여 대기 입자를 미세입자와 조대입자로 나누어 채취한 후, ICP를 이용하여 16개 원소의 농도를 측정하였다. 측정된 미세입자와 조대입자의 총 질량농도는 각각 평균 33.23, $20.66{\mu}g/m3$ 이었으며, 이 중 총 원소농도는 각각 1.27, $1.71{\mu}g/m3$으로, 전체 질량의 3.8%와 8.3%를 차지하여 조대입자에 원소성분이 상대적으로 많이 분포함을 나타냈다. 미세입자와 조대입자 모두 Fe, Al, Ti이 가장 높은 농도를 나나내는 원소였으며 Pb는 총 농도가 84.55ng/m3으로 국내 기준치를 만족하였다. Al을 기준원소로 분석한 Sc, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sn, Pb의 농축계수가 미세입자에서 1,000이상을 나타냈는데, 이는 천안시 미세입자에 포함된 원소 성분의 주요 배출원이 인위적 배출원임을 시사한다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2008

This study was performed to find the atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at four different heights (l0, 50, 150 and 1,500 cm) using low volume polyurethane foam (PUF) plug air sampler in semi-rural area. ${\alpha}-/{\beta}-/{\gamma}-HCH$ with low molecular weights and Koa (octanol-air partitioning coefficient) in OCPs were similarly high concentrations at all heights, but the other OCPs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, Heptachlor epoxide, ${\gamma}$-CHL, ${\alpha}$-CHL, Trans-nonachlor) with high molecular weights and Koa decreased with increasing heights. However, the concentrations of PCBs increased with increasing height.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1986

Atmospheric particulate matter (A. P. M.) was collected and size-fractionated by an Andersen high-volume air sampler over 15 month period from Jan. 1985 to Feb. 1986 in Seoul. The concentration of chloride, nitrate and sulfate were extracted in an ultrasonic bath and were analyzed by ion chromatography. The annual arithmetical mean of A. P. M. was 128.54 $\mug/m^3$. The concentration of anions were 2.88 $\mug/m^3$ for chloride, 3.86$\mug/m^3$ for nitrate, and 25.44$\mug/m^3$ for sulfate. The content of A. P. M. was lowest in the particle size range 1.1 $\sim 3.3\mum$ and increased as the particle size increased or decreased. And the anions exhibited a seasonal variation in the isize distribution. The contents of anions were higher in winter than summer. Ther ratio of fine particles to the total particles defined by F/T for chloride, nitrate and sulfate. The F\ulcornerT of these anion generally decrease with increasing air temperature. This tendency was prevalent in the chloride and nitrate.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 1998

A large number of studies have indicated associations between particulate air pollution and daily mortality. Daily measurements of total suspended particulates (TSP) by high volume air sampler were matched to daily death counts supplied by the National Statistics Office, Korea. All deaths, except deaths from accidents, occurred at Ulsan from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1994 were considered in the poisson regression analysis. The multiple regression models were used to investigate a main effects of air particulate pollution controlling for $SO_2$ levels, air temperature, relative humidity, seasonal variation, and calendar year. The results indicated that the effects of TSP, $SO_2$, temperature, and relative humidity were not significantly associated with all cause mortality. It could, however, be emphasized that the size of the parameter estimate of TSP was very similar to that of previous studies. An increase in particulates of $100{\mu}g/m^3$ was associated with a 3% increase in mortality. This relationship was observed at TSP levels well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard of $150{\mu}g/m^3$ in Korea as well.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 1995

1991년 6월 7일-8일, 1992년 6월 25일-26일까지 약 2일 동안 대기중의 background 농도값을 알아보기 위하여 비오염 지역인 독도 정상에서 기상요소와 함께 가스 성분 $(SO_2,\;CO,\;NO_2,\;O_3)$ 및 입자성분을 채취하여 이를 분석하고, 또한 에어로졸의 형상과 성분 분석을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 독도의 기상상태는 대체적으로 습도가 높은 해안지방의 특성을 가졌으며, 독도 정상 (해발 98m)에서의 대기 중의 시료 채취 결과, 가스상 물질인 $SO_2,\;CO,\;NO_2$ 및 $O_3$의 평균 농도 값은 대기 환경기준치에 크게 미달되는 2.3ppb, 5.57ppm, 6ppb 및 7ppb로써 상당히 좋은 대기질로 판단된다. 2) 부유입자상 물질의 농도 값은 $153{\mu}g/m^3$으로써 년평균값의 환경기준치보다 약간 상회하였지만 그 성분 분석결과, 대부분 입경이 크고 ($1{\mu}m$이상) Na, Cl과 같은 해염성분이 우세하였다. 따라서 대기 입자상 물질의 환경기준치 설정시 그 성분분석도 함께 고려되어야만 할 것으로 사료된다. 3) 독도는 해양에서의 대기질 평가를 위한 지점으로써 뿐만 아니라 기상학적 관측 자료를 얻기 위한 주요한 고정 관측점으로써도 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-62
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• 1991

Yellow Sand Phenomena was observed from April 8 th to 10 th in 1990. During this period particle was collected to investigate the chacteristics of chemical composition of particulate by High Volume Air Sampler and Andersen Air Sa~npler in Seoul. During this period the particle concentration was 350 yg/$m^3$ and the anions, cations, and metal concentrations were increased and the orders of these were $S0_4\;^{-2}>N0_3\;^->Cl^->F^-, Na^+>Ca^{+2}>NH_4\;^+>Mg^{2+}>K^+$, and Fe>Al>Si>Zn>Pb respectively. The principal source of Yellow Sand were identified soil and sea salt. Mn used by the trace element of soil, the persentage of contribution from soil was calculated to be about 81.3% for the particle increased by Yellow Sand Phenomena. Also the principal chemical compounds of particle were estimate metals(Fe, Al, Si, Zn) oxides, $CaSO_4, NaSO_4, MgSO_4, NaC1, MgCl_2$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.251-253
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• 2000

본 연구는 대전 1,2 공단 지역을 대상으로 발암 금속 6종(As Be, Cd, Cr, Ni 및 Pb)을 포함한 15종의 독성 금속을 선정하여 유도결합 플라스마 분광법(ICP-MS)을 이용하여 3년간 분석하고 이 농도 자료에 근거하여 각 금속의 확률론적 농도를 평가하고자 한다. 대기중 부유분진은 대전시 대화동(대전 1,2 공단내 대화동 동사무소 건물 옥상)에 high-volume air sampler(Graseby Andersen : SAUB-10H Model, USA)를 약 0.85$\textrm{m}^3$/min으로 운전하여 시료당 공기량이 약 1,200 $\textrm{m}^3$가 유지되도록 포집하였다. (중략)

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1990

During the period from Mar. 1985 to Feb. 1988, airborne particulate matters were collected and size fractionated by the ANdersen high volume air sampler in Seoul. The concentrations of several heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and benzo(a)pyrene were determined to investigate the size distributions and seasonal variations. And with respect to seven components in the total suspended particulate (TSP), the factor analysis was performed for three groups such as the coarse particles (> 2 $\mu$m), fine particles (< $\mu$m) and TSP. As a result of factor analysis by using the varimax method, the chemical components in the TSP were able to characterize with two principal factors. The first factor, F1 was considered to be a factor indicating the contribution of natural sources and the second factor, F2 was a factor indicating the degree of artificial sources. Each components in the TSP was divided into two main groups of components originated from soil and/or road dust and pollutants originated from automobiles and/or human work.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2003

This study was carried out to characterize the behavior and sources of particulate trace metal in Daegu city. TSP (Total Suspended Particulate matter) was collected by filters on High Volume Air Sampler from the four areal (reference, residential, commercial, industrial area). The moult were analyzed by AAS after preliminary treatment. The average centration trend of trace metals contained in TSP was shown as follows : Fe > Cu > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cd. The trace metals showed the highest concentration in the industrial area. This study showed the seasonal variation of trace metals. Fe and Mn showed high concentration in spring, whereas Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb showed high concentration in winter. Also this study showed the regional variation of trace metals. The order of the average concentration of trace metals was : industrial > commercial > residential > reference area. Using Mn as a reference element, the enrichment factor analysis were used for identifying the trace element contributors. The enrichment factors of Cr, Fe < 10 were considered to have a significant dust and soil source and termed nonenriched. Pb, Cd, Cu >>10 were enriched and had a significant fraction which was contributed by anthropogenic sources.