• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

In the present highway design guidelines suggest that the capacity of one-lane hi-pass lanes is 2,000 veh/h for mainline toll plaza and 1,700 veh/h for interchange toll plaza. However, in a study conducted in early 2010, capacity of the mainline toll plaza was presented with 1,476 veh/h/ln to 1,665 veh/h/ln, and capacity of the interchange toll plaza was presented as 1,443 veh/h/ln. Accordingly, this study examined the feasibility of the capacity of the currently proposed highway one-lane hi-pass lane. Based on the 2021 individual vehicle passing data collected from the one-lane hi-pass gantry, the speed-traffic volume relationship graph and headway were used to calculate and compare capacity. In addition, the bootstrapping technique was introduced to utilize the headway and new processing methods for collected data were reviewed. As a result of the analysis, the one-lane hi-pass capacity could be estimated at 1,700 veh/h/ln for the interchange toll plaza, and at least 1,700 veh/h/ln for the mainline toll plaza. In addition, by using the bootstrap technique when using headway data, it was possible to present an estimated capacity similar to the observed capacity.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the only radical treatment for periampullary malignancies. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) first approach combined with total meso-pancreas (MP) excision was conducted to improve the oncological results. There has not been any previous research of a technique that combines the SMA first approach and total MP excision with a detailed description of the MP macroscopical shape. Methods: We prospectively assessed 77 patients with periampullary malignancies between October 2020 and March 2022 (18 months). All patients had undergone PD with SMA first approach combined total MP excision. The perioperative indications, clinical data, intra-operative index, R0 resection rate of postoperative pathological specimens (especially mesopancreatic margin), postoperative complications, and follow-up results were evaluated. Results: The median operative time was 289.6 min (178-540 min), the median intraoperative blood loss was 209 mL (30-1,600 mL). Microscopically, there were 19 (24.7%) cases with metastatic MP, and five cases (6.5%) with R1-resection of the MP. The number of lymph nodes (LNs) harvested and metastatic LNs were 27.2 (maximum was 74) and 1.8 (maximum was 16), respectively. Some (46.8%) patients had pancreatic fistula, but mostly in grade A, with 7 patients (9.1%) who required re-operations. Some 18.2% of cases developed postoperative refractory diarrhea. The rate of in-hospital mortality was 1.3%. Conclusions: The PD with SMA first approach combined TMpE for periampullary malignancies was effective in achieving superior oncological statistics (rate of MP R0-resection and number of total resected LNs) with non-inferior short-term outcomes. It is necessary to evaluate survival outcomes with long-term follow-up.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.326-334
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• 2024

Extra-oral imaging techniques such as Panoramic X-rays (PXs) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) are the most preferred imaging modalities in dental clinics owing to its patient convenience during imaging as well as their ability to visualize entire teeth information. PXs are preferred for routine clinical treatments and CBCTs for complex surgeries and implant treatments. However, PXs are limited by the lack of third dimensional spatial information whereas CBCTs inflict high radiation exposure to patient. When a PX is already available, it is beneficial to reconstruct the 3D oral structure from the PX to avoid further expenses and radiation dose. In this paper, we propose 3DentAI - an U-Net based deep learning framework for 3D reconstruction of oral structure from a PX image. Our framework consists of three module - a reconstruction module based on attention U-Net for estimating depth from a PX image, a realignment module for aligning the predicted flattened volume to the shape of jaw using a predefined focal trough and ray data, and lastly a refinement module based on 3D U-Net for interpolating the missing information to obtain a smooth representation of oral cavity. Synthetic PXs obtained from CBCT by ray tracing and rendering were used to train the networks without the need of paired PX and CBCT datasets. Our method, trained and tested on a diverse datasets of 600 patients, achieved superior performance to GAN-based models even with low computational complexity.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Current analysis of air passengers mainly relies on statistical methods, but there are limitations in analyzing detailed aspects such as travel routes, number of regional passengers and airport access times. However, with the advancement of big data technology and revised three data acts, big data-based transportation analysis has become more active. Mobile communication data, which can precisely track the location of mobile phone terminals, can serve as valuable analytical data for transportation analysis. In this paper, we propose a air passenger Origin/Destination (O/D) extraction algorithm based on mobile communication data that overcomes the limitations of existing air transportation user analysis methods. The algorithm involves setting airport signal detection zones at each airport and extracting air passenger based on their base station connection history within these zones. By analyzing the base station connection data along the passenger's origin-destination paths, we estimate the entire travel route. For this paper, we extracted O/D information for both domestic and international air passengers at all domestic airports from January 2019 to December 2020. To compensate for errors caused by mobile communication service provider market shares, we applied a adjustment to correct the travel volume at a nationwide citizen level. Furthermore correlation analysis was performed on O/D data and aviation statistics data for air traffic users based on mobile communication data to verify the extracted data. Through this, there is a difference in the total amount (4.1 for domestic and 4.6 for international), but the correlation is high at 0.99, which is judged to be useful. The proposed algorithm in this paper enables a comprehensive and detailed analysis of air transportation users' travel behavior, regional/age group ratios, and can be utilized in various fields such as formulating airport-related policies and conducting regional market analysis.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.851-858
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• 2024

Objective: This study investigates the long-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating locally recurrent papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 39 consecutive patients with 61 locally recurrent PTCs (14 males, 25 females; mean ± standard deviation age, 52.8 ± 16.7 years; range 21-92 years) who underwent US-guided RFA with curative intent between September 2008 and April 2012. A subgroup of 24 patients with 37 recurrent PTCs who had a follow-up of at least 10 years were analyzed separately. All patients were followed for changes in lesion size on US and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after RFA, with follow-up every 6-12 months thereafter. Any complications were documented during the follow-up period. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Long-term outcomes were evaluated in patients with follow-up of at least 10 years. Results: The follow-up period ranged from 7 to 180 months (median 133 months). The RFS rates for the 39 patients at 3, 5, and 10 years were 86.8%, 75.5%, and 60.6%, respectively. Among the 24 patients with 37 recurrent PTCs followed for more than 10 years, the volume reduction rate was 99.9% (range 96%-100%), and the complete tumor disappearance rate was 91.9%. The mean serum Tg level also decreased significantly, from 2.66 ± 86.5 mIU/L before ablation to 0.43 ± 0.73 mIU/L (P < 0.001) at the final follow-up. In 14 (58.3%) of the 24 patients, Tg levels were undetectable (below 0.08 mIU/L) at the last follow-up. No life-threatening or delayed complications were observed during the 10-year follow-up period. Conclusion: The high RFS throughout the follow-up period, with efficacy and safety lasting beyond 10 years, supports US-guided RFA as a valuable option for local control of recurrent PTCs.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.10-19
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• 2024

In this study, FEM analysis was performed with the goal of optimal design of corrugated CFRP panels reinforcing H-shaped beams with slender plate webs. The buckling reinforcement performance of corrugated CFRP panels according to various specifications was evaluated, and in particular, a new reinforcement method was proposed by analyzing the effect of the ratio of vertical reinforcement according to the net height of the abdomen of the H-type beam on the location of the first elastic buckling mode. To minimize the amount of CFRP used, the attachment angle was set to 45 degrees. Furthermore, parameter analysis was performed according to changes in the specifications of the corrugated CFRP panel, and the buckling reinforcement performance of the corrugated CFRP panel was evaluated through the ductility factor. In addition, we attempted to use the material efficiently by simultaneously considering the maximum load and ductility factor along with the volume of the corrugated CFRP panels. It was confirmed that the model with two or three-layer CFRP laminate have a high ductility factor and efficient use of materials, and that the buckling reinforcement performance is predominantly affected by the length and height of the corrugated CFRP panel rather than the width.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.726-743
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination therapy of Saengmaek-san decoction and Western medicine on heart failure. Methods: A search was conducted on June 22, 2024 using keywords such as "heart failure", "saengmaeksan", and "shengmaisan". A meta-analysis was conducted according to the outcome measurements such as the total effective rate (TER), serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), echocardiography results (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), stroke volume (SV)), and six-minute walk test (6MWT). Data analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4.1 software, and Cochrane's risk of bias (ROB) was used to assess the quality of the papers. Results: A total of eight randomized control trials were selected. The treatment group combining Saengmaek-san and Western medicine showed significant improvement effects in terms of TER, BNP, LVEF, LVESD, LVEDD, SV, and 6MWT compared to the control group using Western medicine alone [TER] RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.34, p<0.00001; [BNP] MD=-206.14, 95% CI : -257.49--154.79, p<0.00001; [LVEF] MD=6.40, 95% CI : 5.54-7.27, p<0.00001; [LVEDD] MD=-6.55, 95% CI : -7.24--5.85, p<0.00001; [LVESD] MD=-3.07, 95% CI: -3.92--2.22, p<0.00001; [SV] MD=7.12, 95% CI : 5.73-8.50, p<0.00001; [6MWT] MD=43.69, 95% CI : 31.55-55.84, p<0.00001. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination therapy of Saengmaek-san decoction and Western medicine is effective in treating heart failure. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the unknown or high risk of bias in the included trials.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.385-389
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• 2024

For high-purity purification of indole (IN) contained in crude methylnaphthalene oil (CMNO), this study was reviewed by adopting the re-extraction method using n-hexane as an enrichment method of IN contained in the extract phase recovered from equilibrium extraction of CMNO and formamide aqueous solution. The raw material (extract phase) contained three types of nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs): quinoline (QU), isoquinoline (IQU), and IN; and four types of bicyclic aromatic compounds (BACs): naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and biphenyl (BP). The distribution coefficient and selectivity of IN showed almost constant values regardless of the change in the initial volume fraction of the re-extraction solvent to the raw material. Compared to the distribution coefficient of IN, those of two types NCCs excluding IN and three types BACs excluding BP, respectively, are about 4~7 times and 190~394 times higher. In addition, the concentration of IN in the raffinate oil recovered through equilibrium n-hexane re-extraction run of the batch co-current five-stage under constant re-extraction was 54.6%, which was approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the raw material. From the excellent IN enrichment efficiency of this study, the re-extraction method using n-hexane was expected to be a new IN enrichment method that can be an alternative to the distillation method.

• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.381-385
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• 2024

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are one of the most common waste products contributing to environmental problems, with their volume continuously increasing. The most efficient way to utilize SCG is by leveraging their large amounts of organic matter and oils for energy production. This study investigates the recycling potential of cellulosic structures after the removal of organic matter and oils. Surface changes in the organic matter of SCG were examined as a function of washing time using FE-SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. As washing time increased, significant changes in particle size were observed, and the tensile properties were evaluated at varying concentrations to assess their suitability as a reinforcing material in epoxy composites. The study found that the reinforcement effect of SCG was minimal under conditions of high polymer crystallinity, indicating that a minimal organic layer is necessary to promote interfacial adhesion between SCG and epoxy. Ultimately, it was determined that SCG is best used in epoxy composites at concentrations of 1 wt% or less. This research provides a potential method for recycling various types of coffee grounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.373-386
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• 2024

The aim of this study is to establish a system for the early detection of high-density harmful marine organisms. Considering its accuracy and processing speed, YOLOv8m (You Only Look Once version 8 medium) is selected as a suitable model for real-time underwater image-based object detection. Applying the detection algorithm allows one to detect numerous fish and the occasional occurrence of jellyfish. The average precision, recall rate, and mAP (mean Average Precision) of the trained model are 0.931, 0.881, and 0.948 for the validation data, respectively. Also, the mAP for each class is 0.97 for fish, 0.97 for jellyfish and 0.91 for salpa, all of which exceed 0.9 (90%) for classes demonstrating the excellent performance of the model. A scientific sonar system is used to address the object-detection range and validate the detection results. Additionally, integrating and grid averaging the echo strength allows the detection results to be smoothed in space and time. Mean-volume back-scattering strength values are obtained to reflect the detection variability within the analysis domain. Furthermore, an underwater image-based object (marine lives) detection algorithm, an image-correction technique based on the underwater environmental conditions (including nights), and quantified detection results based on a scientific sonar system are presented, which demonstrate the utility of the detection system in various applications.