• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.972-976
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• 1997

Single phase ruthenium oxides with perovskite (ATi1-xRuxO3 (A=Ca, Sr)) and pyrochlore structure (Bi2Ru2O7, Pb2Ru2O6.5) have been prepared reproducibly by solid state reaction methods and their electrocatalytic activities for oxygen evolution have been examined by Tafel plots. Tafel slopes vary from a low value of 42 mV/decade up to 222 mV/decade at room temperature. The high exchange current densities and high Tafel slopes compared with those obtained from the RuO2 DSA electrode at the crystalline single phase metal oxide electrodes suggest that they are better electrocatalysts at low overpotentials. A favorable change in the Tafel slope for the oxygen evolution reaction occurs as the ruthenium content increases. Substitution of Ti for Ru in the perovskite solid solutions enhanced their chemical stability by losing marginal electrochemical activity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.95-100
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• 2023

This research examines the effect of adding aluminum on the structural, phasic, and magnetic properties of CoCrFe NiMnAl_x high-entropy alloys. To this aim, the arc-melt process was used under an argon atmosphere for preparing cast samples. The phasic, structural, and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrational magnetometry (VSM) analyses. Based on the results, the addition of aluminum to the compound caused changes in the crystalline structure, from FCC solid solution in the CoCrFeNiMn sample to CoCrFeNiMnAl BBC solid solution. It was associated with changes in the magnetic property of CoCrFeNiMnAl_x high-entropy alloys, from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic. The maximum saturation magnetization for the CoCrFeNiMnAl casting sample was estimated to be around 79 emu/g. Despite the phase stability of the FCC solid solution with temperature, the solid solution phase formed in the CrCrFeNiMnAl high-entropy compound was not stable, and changed into FCC solid solution with temperature elevation, causing a reduction in saturation magnetization to about 7 emu/g.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

Al₂O₃ has excellent sintering properties and is important in semiconductor manufacturing processes that require high-temperature resistance and chemical inertness in a plasma environment. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the chemical characteristics, physical properties, crystal structure, and dispersion stability of three commercially available Al₂O₃ powders was conducted. The aim was to provide a technological foundation for selecting and utilizing appropriate Al₂O₃ powders in practical applications. All powders exhibited α-Al₂O₃ as the main phase, with the presence of beta-phase Na₂O-11Al₂O₃ as the secondary phase. The highest Na⁺ ion leaching was observed in the aqueous slurry state due to the presence of the secondary phase. Although the average particle size difference among the three powders was not significant, distinct differences in particle size distribution were observed. ALG-1SH showed a broad particle size distribution, P162 exhibited a bimodal distribution, and AES-11 displayed a uniform unimodal distribution. High-concentration Al₂O₃ slurries showed differences in viscosity due to ion release when no dispersant was added, affecting the electrical double-layer thickness. Polycarboxylate was found to effectively enhance the dispersion stability of all three powders. In the dispersion stability analysis, ALG-1SH exhibited the slowest sedimentation tendency, as evidenced by the low TSI value, while P162 showed faster precipitation, influenced by the particle size distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.266-270
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• 2004

SiC materials have been extensively studied for high temperature components in advanced energy system and advanced gas turbine because it has excellent high temperature strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good resistance to oxidation and good thermal and chemical stability etc. However, the brittle characteristics of SiC such as low fracture toughness and low strain-to fracture still impose a severe limitation on practical applications of SiC materials. For these reasons, SiC/SiC composites can be considered as a promising for various structural materials, because of their good fracture toughness compared with monolithic SiC ceramics. But, high temperature and pressure lead to the degradation of the reinforcing jiber during the hot pressing. Therefore, reduction of sintering temperature and pressure is key requirements for the fabrication of SiC/SiC composites by hot pressing method. In the present work, monolithic Liquid Phase Sintered SiC (LPS-SiC) was fabricated by hot pressing method in Ar atmosphere at $1800^{\circ}C$ under 20MPa using $Al_2O_3,\;Y_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ as sintering additives in order to low sintering temperature and sintering pressure. The starting powder was high purity $\beta-SiC$ nano-powder with all average particle size of 30mm. The characterization of LPS-SiC was investigated by means of SEM and three point bending test. Base on the composition of sintering additives-, microstructure- and mechanical property correlation, tire compositions of sintering additives are discussed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 1995

The physico-chemical stability of aucubin, a hepatoprotective iridoid glucoside, in buffered aqueous solutions was studied using a stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The degradation of aucubin followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. In strong acidic regions, aucubin was rapidly degraded by the specific acid catalysis, forming dark brown precipitates. From the rate-pH profiles, it was found that aucubin was most stable at the pH of about 10. From the temperature dependence of degradation, activation energies for aucubin at pH 2.1 and 4.9 were calculated to be 22.0 and 24.3 kcal/mole, respectively. The shelf-life $(t_{90%})$ for aucubin at pH 9.07 and $20^{\circ}C$ was predicted to be about 603 days. A higher ionic strength accelerated the degradation of aucubin at pH 4.01. The effect of metal ions on the degradation rate of aucubin at pH 7.16 was in the rank order of $Cu^{2+}\;>\;Fe^{3+}\;>\;Co^{2+}\;>\;Fe^{2+}\;>\;Mg^{2+}$. On the other hand, $Mn^{2+}\;and\;Ba^{2+}$ slowed the degradation rate.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.930-936
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• 1999

For LiMn2O4 based spinel structures the stoichiometric reaction conditions need be considered carefully because the electrical properties depend on the structural stability. In order to obtain the homogeneous compound the Pechini process was chosen which could obtain a stoichiometry phase even low temperature and dependency of the synthetic condition on structural stability and electrochemical performance was investigated. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the compounds doped with transition metal have smaller lattice constants than those un doped. The dc conductivity was evaluated by a four probe method in the low and high temperature region respectively. The variations of basal spacings for the cathode were detected to be dependent on the extent of current flows (under dc)

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2020

The high-temperature stability of Mg-8.0Zn-1.6Y (wt.%) alloys upon the addition of Ca has been investigated by characterizing the ignition temperature, microstructure, tensile and creep properties. The ignition temperature increases with an increase in the Ca content, indicating that an addition of Ca enhances the ignition resistance of the Mg-Zn-Y alloy. The as-cast microstructures of all tested alloys mainly consisted of the dendritic α-Mg matrix and I-phase (Mg₃Zn₆Y) at the grain boundaries. In the Ca-added Mg-8.0Zn-1.6Y alloys, the Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phase forms, with this phase fraction increasing with an increase in the Ca contents. However, a high volume fraction of the Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phase rather deteriorates the mechanical properties. Therefore, a moderate amount of Ca element in Mg-8.0Zn-1.6Y alloys is effective for improving the tensile and creep properties of the Mg-Zn-Y alloy. The Mg-8.0Zn-1.6Y-0.3Ca alloy exhibits the highest tensile strength and the lowest creep strain among the alloys investigated in the present study. The creep resistance of Mg-Zn-Y-Ca alloys depends on the selection of the secondary solidification phase; i.e., when Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ forms in an alloy containing a high level of Ca, the creep resistance deteriorates because Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ is less stable than the I-phase at a high temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.645-651
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• 1997

Tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZPs) doped with $Y_{2}O_{3}$ and $Nb_{2}O_{5}$ were prepared by the conventional sintering to enhance fracture toughness and phase stability of TZPs without controlling the grain size. TZP composites were obtained by adding the transformable TZP to the non-transformable TZP in wt%. The monolithic tetragonal $ZrO_2$, same as the composite composition containing 15 wt% transformable TZP, sintered at $1550^{\circ}C$ for 10h in air, exhibited the fracture toughness of 9$MPam^{1/2}$ and no low-and high-temperature degradation at temperatures in the range of 220 to $1000^{\circ}C$ for 100h in air. The corresponding single composition was 90.24 mol% $ZrO_2$-5.31 mol% $Y_{2}O_{3}$-4.75 mol% $Nb_{2}O_{5}$. The microstructure observation revealed that the t-$ZrO_2$ grains grew grandually with sintering time and no microcraking and twinning were observed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2003

Reverse-Water-Gas-Shift reaction (RWGSR) was carried out over the ZnO, $Al_2O_3,\;and\;ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalysts at the temperature range from 400 to 700 ℃. The ZnO showed good specific reaction activity but this catalyst was deactivated. All the catalysts except the $ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalyst (850 ℃) showed low stability for the RWGSR and was deactivated at the reaction temperature of 600 ℃. The $ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalyst calcined at 850 ℃ was stable during 210 hrs under the reaction conditions of 600 ℃ and 150,000 GHSV, showing CO selectivity of 100% even at the pressure of 5 atm. The high stability of the $ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalyst (850 ℃) was attributed to the prevention of ZnO reduction by the formation of $ZnAl_2O_4$ spinel structure. The spinel structure of $ZnAl_2O_4$ phase in the $ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalyst calcined at 850 ℃ was confirmed by XRD and electron diffraction.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2014

To overcome the limitations of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to the high temperature operation, there has been increasing interest in proton conducting fuel cells (PCFCs) for reduction of the operating temperature to the intermediate temperature range. In present work, the perovskite $BaCe_{0.85-x}Zr_xY_{0.15}O_{3-\delta}$ (BCZY, x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) were synthesized via solid state reaction (SSR) and adopted as an electrolyte materials for PCFCs. Powder characteristics were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Single phase BCZY were obtained in all compositions, and chemical stability was improved with increasing Zr content. Anode-supported cell with $Ni-BaCe_{0.55}Z_{0.3}Y_{0.15}O_{3-\delta}$ (BCZY3) anode, BCZY3 electrolyte and BCZY3-$Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-\delta}$ (BSCF) composite cathode was fabricated and electrochemically characterized. Open-circuit voltage (OCV) was 1.05 V, and peak power density of 370 ($mW/cm^2$) was achieved at $650^{\circ}C$.