• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.107.2-107.2
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• 2010

고온건식탈황기술은 고온고압에서 석탄가스에 함유된 황화합물을 제거하는 기술로 석탄가스화에 의해 생성된 고온의 석탄가스의 열손실을 최소화하여 열효율이 높은 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 석탄으로부터 합성원유를 생산하는 0.3 배럴/일 규모 석탄액화(CTL)공정의 연계운전을 통하여 건식탈황공정의 성능을 평가하였다. 0.3 배럴/일 규모 석탄액화공정은 석탄가스화기, 건식탈황공정, 액화공정으로 구성되어 있으며 30 atm의 고압에서 운전된다. 건식탈황공정은 석탄가스화기와 액화공정 사이에 위치하여 석탄가스화로부터 생성된 석탄가스에 함유된 황화합물을 아연계 건식탈황제에 의해 제거한 후 액화반응기로 공급하여 황화합물에 의한 촉매의 피독을 막아주는 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 개발된 두 개의 기포유동층 반응기로 구성된 탈황장치를 30 atm에서 운전이 가능하도록 수정/보완하여 실제 운전압력인 30 atm의 고압에서 연속운전을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 탈황효율은 99% 이상이며 탈황반응기 출구 황화합물의 농도는 1 ppmv 이하로 유지하였다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2010

The object of the present study is to apply KF/MgO catalysts to remove sulfur dioxide from dibenzothiophene sulfone, a by-product of oxidative desulfurization. Potassium fluoride was deposited via an impregnation method on MgO. The effects KF loading and calcination on the characteristics of the KF/MgO catalysts were investigated through the BET surface area, XRF, XRD, and temperature-programmed desorption of $CO_2$. The catalytic performances of the samples were investigated during the decomposition of dibenzothiophene sulfone to biphenyl and sulfur dioxide gas. KF loaded on MgO prepared by the impregnation method showed high catalytic activities for the decomposition of dibenzothiophene sulfone. The higher activity of KF/MgO just dried at 373 K, avoiding the usual activation at high temperature, than that over the calcined catalyst is ascribed to increase of the amount of basic sites. The high basicity probably may be due to the coordinately unsaturated $F^-$. The simply dried 10 % KF/MgO catalyst, without the usual activation at high temperature, showed the optimal catalytic properties.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.672-680
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• 2011

Three new granular absorbents were prepared from calcium hydroxide, and applied to an FGD process with internal circulation. The aim of the study was finding the most efficient of the these three applied absorbents for the $SO_2$ removal at high flue gas temperatures. The absorbent is fed to the testing unit at high operation temperature and fluidized inside the FGD system where the sorbent particles react with the $SO_2$ gas. The rate of $SO_2$ decomposition was high in C-type absorbent which had the large surface area. De-SOx characteristics of the current absorbents appeared to be similar to the other conventional agents in this fluidized bed combustor. In particular, the optimum de-SOx condition could be achieved at high mole ratios of Ca to S which can reduce the residual $SO_2$.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

The effect of grain size on corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation behavior was studied in 22Cr-15Ni-5W super austenitic stainless steels for desulfurization equipment as a heat power station. In the high temperature oxidation test, oxidation rate was increased as the temperature increased from $600^{\circ}C\;to\;800^{\circ}C$. In vapor, oxidation rate was faster than that in air. Because the vapor was inhibited nucleation of $Cr_2O_3$ film. And the high temperature oxidation resistance at $600^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ was excellent from all specimens and specimen of the smallest grain size was the most excellent. Because increasing of diffusion course through the grain-boundary was promoted nucleation and growth of $Cr_2O_3$ film. In the test temperature at $600^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$, Cr rich round particle oxide was formed in air, whereas Fe rich needle type oxide was developed in vapor.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1994

Introduction : Recently, water and environmental pollution becomes serious social problem and high technology makes this pollution accelerate. Hydrogen sulfide, the main subject of our research, is one of the most dangerous air pollutant like SO$_x$ and NO$_x$. The major contaminant in coal gasification is H$_2$S, which is very toxic, hazardous and extremely corrosive. Therefore, control of hydrogen sulfide to a safe level is essential. Although commercial desulfurization process called liquid scrubbing is effective for removal of H$_2$S, it has drawbacks, the loss of sensible heat of the gas and costly wastewater treatment. Many investigations are carried out about high-temperature removal ol H$_2$S in hot coal-derived gas using metal oxide or mixed metal qxide sorbents. It was reported that ZnO was very effective sorbent for H2S removal, but it has big flaw to vaporize elemental zinc above 600\ulcorner \ulcorner As alternative, metal oxides such as CaO, $Fe_2O_3$, TiO$_2$ and CuO were added to ZnO. Especially, different results are reported for $Fe_2O_3$ additive. Tamhankar et al. reported SiO$_2$ with 45 wt% $Fe_2O_3$ sorbent is favorable for removal of H$_2$S and regeneration.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2010

The in-furnace desulfurization technique is applied to the $O_2/CO_2$ combustion system for the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process because this combustion system does not need an additional chamber for the desulfurization. $CaCO_3$ sorbent particles, which have a wide range in size from a few nanometers to several tens of micrometers, are used for this process. In this study, an experimental system which can simulate the $O_2/CO_2$ combustion system was developed. $CaCO_3$ sorbent particles were exposed to the high temperature reactor at $1200^{\circ}C$ with various residence times (0.33-1.46 s) in air and $CO_2$ atmospheric conditions, respectively. The sorbent particles were then sampled at the inlet and outlet of the reactor and analyzed qualitatively/quantitatively using SMPS, XRD, TGA, and SEM. The results showed that the residence time and atmospheric condition in a high temperature reactor can affect the characteristics of the $CaCO_3$ sorbent particles used in the in-furnace desulfurization technique, such as the calcination rate and reaction mechanism.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

Experiments have been made to test the practical feasibility of using calcined manganese ore to desulfurize hot reducing gas. In this study, the effects of particle size of sorbents, temperature of sulfidation, flow rate and sorbent characteristics on the $H_2S$ removal efficiency of calcined manganese ore were investigated. Experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of $H_2S$ was optimum when the temperature was about 800$\circ$C and that the smaller particle size the higher the $H_2S$ removal efficiency. When the temperature was above 800$\circ$C, the reactivity of sorbent has lowered because agglomeration of sorbent increased intraparticle transport resistance, and this phenomenon was confirmed by SEM photographs. As the temperature increases, capacity for the $H_2S$ removal was increased but the equilibrium concentration of $H_2S$ was not affective.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.132.1-132.1
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• 2010

자원고갈과 지구온난화 등으로 재생에너지의 사용 및 보급이 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되지만, 세계적으로 매장량이 풍부한 석탄의 사용량은 2030년 이후에도 지속적으로 증가될 전망이다. 따라서 세계 각국은 기후변화 규제에 대응하면서도 청정하게 석탄을 사용하기 위한 기술의 개발 및 보급을 활발히 진행 중이며, 국내에서도 온실가스 감축과 동시에 국가 성장 동력화를 추진하고 있다. 석탄가스화 기술은 석탄을 가스화하여 생산된 CO, $H_2$가 주성분인 합성가스를 연료로 활용하는 기술로, 이용 효율이 높고 석탄을 천연가스 수준으로 청정하게 사용할 수 있는 차세대 석탄이용 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 pilot급 석탄 가스화기에서 생산된 합성가스에 함유된 산성가스를 고온에서 건식으로 제거하는 시스템을 구축하였으며, 석탄 합성가스를 고온 건식 정제시스템에 공급하기 위한 석탄가스화기의 운전특성을 파악하였다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2014

In order to regenerate the sulfidated desulfurization sorbent, oxygen is used as the oxidant agent on the regeneration process. The small amount of oxygen un-reacted in regeneration process is flowed into direct sulfur recovery process. However, the reactivity for $SO_2$ reduction can be deteriorated with the un-reacted oxygen by various reasons. In this study, the deactivation effects of un-reacted oxygen contained in the off-gas of regeneration process flowed into direct sulfur recovery process of hot gas desulfurization system were investigated. Sn-Zr based catalysts were used as the catalyst for $SO_2$ reduction. The contents of $SO_2$ and $O_2$ contained in the regenerator off-gas used as the reactants were fixed to 5.0 vol% and 4.0 vol%, respectively. The catalytic activity tests with a Sn-Zr based catalyst were for $SO_2$ reduction performed at $300-450^{\circ}C$ and 1-20 atm. The un-reacted oxygen oxidized the elemental sulfur produced by $SO_2$ catalytic reduction and the conversion of $SO_2$ was reduced due to the production of $SO_2$. However, the temperature for the oxidation of elemental sulfur increased with increasing pressure in the catalytic reactor. Therefore, it was concluded that the decrease of reactivity at high pressure is occurred by catalytic deactivation, which is the re-oxidation of lattice oxygen vacancy in Sn-Zr based catalyst with the un-reacted oxygen on the catalysis by redox mechanism. Meanwhile the un-reacted oxygen oxidized CO supplied as the reducing agent and the temperature in the catalyst packed bed also increased due to the combustion of CO. It was concluded that the rapidly increasing temperature in the packed bed can induce the catalytic deactivation such as the sintering of active components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.144-153
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• 1998

Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63mm were exposed to simulate fuel gases containing 5000ppmv H2S for temperatures ranging from 600 to 800C in a TGA. The reaction between CaO and H2S proceds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfide(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of H2S by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.