• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.21-37
• /
• 2013

최근 지식기반 사회의 진입과 더불어 지식재산에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 특히 하이테크산업을 이끌고 있는 ICT기업들은 지식재산의 체계적 관리를 위하여 끊임없이 노력하고 있다. 기업의 지적 자본을 대표하는 특허정보가 지속적으로 축적됨에 따라 정량적인 분석이 가능해졌다. 특허정보를 통하여 특허수준부터 기업수준, 산업수준, 국가수준에 이르기 까지 다양한 수준에서의 분석이 가능하다. 특허정보는 기술 현황을 파악하거나 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 활용되고 있다. 네트워크를 통한 분석은 지식 영향의 흐름을 나타내며, 이를 통하여 기술의 변화를 확인할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 앞으로의 연구 방향을 예측할 수 있다. 네트워크를 활용한 분석 분야에서는 기업이 차지하는 네트워크상에서의 위치가 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 다각도에서 분석하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특허 인용 정보를 활용한 분석은 크게 두 가지로, 인용 횟수를 활용하는 인용지표 분석과 인용관계를 바탕으로 한 네트워크 분석으로 나뉜다. 본 연구는 기업간 규모의 차이가 기업 간 특허 인용 관계에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. S&P 500에 등록된 IT 및 통신서비스를 제공하는 74개 기업을 선정하였으며 기업 간 특허 인용 관계를 구하기 위하여 2009년, 2010년의 특허 인용 정보를 수집하여 기업 간 특허 인용 관계를 나타냈다. 또한 기업규모를 대표하는 지표로 기업 총 자산에 대한 정보를 수집하였다. 기업규모에 따라 외부 지식에 대한 의존도가 달라지는 선행연구를 통하여 기업규모가 기업간 특허 인용 관계에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이에 기업 간 총 자산의 차이에 절대값을 취한 값을 기업 간 거리로 정의하였으며, 기업 간 규모의 단순 차이를 기업 간 계층으로 정의하여 새로운 소시오매트릭스를 생성하였다. 2010년도 기업간 특허 인용 관계를 나타낸 소시오매트릭스를 종속변수로 하였으며, 2009년도 기업 간 특허 인용 네트워크, 기업 간 거리 및 계층을 독립변수로 하여 QAP분석 및 MR-QAP분석을 실시하였다. QAP분석 결과 기업 간 거리와 계층은 특허 인용 관계에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. MR-QAP분석에는 2009년도 기업 간 특허 인용 관계와 기업 간 거리만 유의함을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 2009년도 기업 간 특허 인용 관계가 2010년도 기업 간 특허 인용 관계에 가장 큰 영향력을 행사하는 것을 볼 수 있어 기업 간 특허 인용관계는 연속성이 존재하는 것으로 볼 수 있었다.

• 재활간호학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.257-270
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the intent of using home nursing of chronic disease patients who got out of a university hospital. For the purpose, the study selected 153 patients who were hospitalized and left K university hospital with diagnoses of cancer, hypertension, diabetes and cerebral vascular accident and ordered to be discharged and performed interviews with them and surveys on their medical records to obtain the following results. For this study a direct-interview survey and medical record review was conducted from June 28 to Aug. 30, 1998. The frequency and mean values were computed to find the characteristics of the study subjects, and $X^2$-test, t-test, factor analysis and multiple logistic regession analysis were applied for the analysis of the data. The following results were obtained. 1) When characteristics of the subjects were examined, men and women occupied for 58.8% and 41.2%, respectively. The subjects were 41.3 years old in aver age and had the monthly aver age earning of 0.99 million won or below, which was the most out of the total subjects at 34.6%. Among the total, 87.6% resided in cities and 12.4 in counties. The most left the hospital with diagnosis of cancer at 51.6%, followed by hyper tension at 24.2%, diabetes at 13.7% and cerebral vascular accident at 7.2%. 2) 93.5% of the selected patients had the intent of using home nursing and 6.5%, didn't. Among those patients having the intent, 85.6% had the intent of paying for home nursing and 14.4%, didn't. The subjects expected that the nursing would be paid 9,143 won in aver age and 47.7% of them preferred national authorities as the main servers. 86.3% of the subjects thought that home nursing business had the main advantage of making it possible to learn nursing methods at home and thereby contributing to improving the ability of patients and their facilities to solve health problems. 3) Relations between the intent of use and characteristics of the subjects such as demography-related social, home environment, disease and physical function characteristics did not show statistically significant differences among one another. Compared to those who had no intent of using home nursing, the group having the intent had more cases of male patients, the age of 39 or below, residence in cities, 5 family member s or more, no existence of home nursing servers, leaving the hospital from a non-hospitalized building, disease development for five months or below, hospitalization for ten days or more, non-hospitalization with in the recent one month, two times or over of hospitalization, leaving the hospital with no demand of special treatment, operation underwent, poor results of treatment, leaving the hospital with demand of rehabilitation services, physical disablement and high evaluation point of daily life. 4) Among those patients having the intent of using home nursing, 47.6% demanded technical nursing and 55.9%, supportive nursing. As technical nursing,' inject into a blood vessel ' and 'treat pustule and teach basic prevention methods occupied for 57.4%, respectively, topping the list. Among demands of supportive nursing, 'observe patients 'status and refer them to hospitals or community resources as available, if necessary' was the most with percent age point of 59.5. Regarding the intent of paying for home nursing, 39.2% of those patients wishing to use the nursing responded paying for technical services and 20.2, supportive services. In detail, 70.0% wanted to pay for a service stated as 'inject into a blood vessel', highest among the former services and 30.7%, a service referred to as 'teaching exercises needed to make the body of patients move', highest among the latter. When this was analyzed in terms of a relation between the need(the need for home nursing) and the demand(the intent of paying for home nursing), The rate of the need to the demand was found two or three times higher in technical nursing(0.82) than in supportive nursing(0.35). In aspects of tech ical nursing, muscle injection(1.26, the 1st rank) was highest in the rate while among aspects of supportive nursing, a service referred to as 'teach exercises needed for making patients move their bodies normally'(0.58, the 1st rank). 5) factors I(satisfaction with hospital services), II(recognition of disease state), III(economy) and IV(period of disease) occupied for 34.4, 13.8, 11.9 and 9.2 percents, respectively among factors related to the intent by the subjects of using home nursing, totaled 59.3%. In conclusion, most of chronic disease patients have the intent of using hospital-based home nursing and satisfaction with hospital services is a factor affecting the intent most. Thus a post-management system is needed to continue providing health management to those patients after they leave the hospital. Further, supportive services should be provided in order that those who are satisfied with hospital services return to their community and live their in dependent lives. Based on these results, the researcher would make the following recommendation. 1) Because home nursing becomes more and more needed due to a sharp increase in chronic disease patients and elderly people, related rules and regulations should be made and implemented. 2) Hospital nurses specializing in home nursing should be cultivated.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2009

우리나라에서 벼재배용 제초제로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 butachlor는 농약 사용 성수기($5{\sim}6$월)에 하천수 중 검출빈도가 높게 나타나고 있어 수서생물에 대한 위해가능성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 butachlor의 담수조류와 담수무척추동물, 담수어류에 대한 급성독성시험을 수행하여 독성영향을 구명하였고 위해성을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Butachlor의 담수조류에 대한 생장영향을 알아보고자 녹조류 3종(P. subcapitata, D. subspicatus, C. vulgaris)에 대해 생장저해시험을 수행한 결과, butachlor에 대한 P. subcapitata, D. subspicatus, 그리고 C. vulgaris의 72시간 $ErC_{50}$은 각각 0.002, 0.019, 그리고 $10.49mg\;L^{-1}$이었고, NOErC는 0.0008, 0.0016, 그리고 $5.34mg\;L^{-1}$로 나타났다 Butachlor의 담수무척추 동물인 물벼룩(Daphnia magna)에 대한 24시간 및 48시간 $EC_{50}$ 값은 각각 2.55와 $1.50mg\;L^{-1}$이었고, NOEC는 $0.6mg\;L^{-1}$이었다. Butachlor의 어류에 대한 급성독성시험 결과, 잉어(C. carpio), 송사리(O. latipes) 그리고 미꾸리(M. anguillicaudatus)에 대한 96시간 $LC_{50}$ 값은 각각 0.62, 0.41 그리고 $0.24mg\;L^{-1}$으로 나타났다. Butachlor의 수서생물에 대한 위해성을 평가하기 위하여 지점별 수서생물에 대한 TER을 산출한 결과, 논에서 조류, 물벼룩 그리고 어류에 대한 TER은 각각 0.004, 3.6 그리고 0.58로서, 조류와 어류는 우리나라 기준인 2보다 낮아 위해 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 배수로에서 조류, 물벼룩 그리고 어류에 대한 TER은 각각 0.05, 50 그리고 8로 조류는 2이하로 위해가능성은 있었다. 강에서 조류, 물벼룩 그리고 어류에 대한 각각의 TER은 0.36, 357 그리고 57로 산출되어 조류는 2이하로 여전히 위해가능성이 있었다. Butachlor의 수서생물에 대한 위해성을 평가하기 위하여 지점별 수서생물에 대한 TER을 산출한 결과, 논에서 조류, 물벼룩 그리고 어류에 대한 TER은 각각 0.004, 3.6 그리고 0.58으로서, 조류와 어류는 우리나라 기준인 2보다 낮아 위해 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 배수로에서 조류,물벼룩 그리고 어류에 대한 TER은 각각 0.05, 50 그리고 8으로 조류는 2이하로 위해가능성은 있었다. 강에서 조류, 물벼룩 그리고 어류에 대한 각각의 TER은 0.36, 357 그리고 57로 산출되어 조류는 2이하로 여전히 위해 가능성이 있었다. 결론적으로 butachlor는 녹조류 중 감수성이 높은 P. subcapitata, D. subspicatus 등에 일시적인 개체수 감소 등 생육에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되나 감수성이 낮은 C. vulgaris는 영향이 적을 것으로 판단된다. Butachlor의 물벼룩과 어류에 대한 위해 가능성은 배수로 및 강에서 낮을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 butachlor의 논에 살포시 논에 서식하는 미꾸리의 산란시기($6{\sim}7$월)가 butachlor의 사용시기와 비슷하여 논에 butachlor 사용으로 인한 미꾸리 수정란과 치어에 대한 영향, 개체수 감소 및 회복 등에 대한 추가적인 연구는 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.59-88
• /
• 2008

Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.