• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.73-83
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• 2005

Higher methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation and susceptibility to toxicity in the fetus than in the mother at parturition is well known. However, the difference in MeHg exposure to fetus and offspring throughout gestation and suckling is not well established. In the human, the effects of MeHg exposure on pregnant and breast-feeding women remain an important issue for elucidation, especially those of continuous uptake in high-fish-consumption populations. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the difference in MeHg exposure to fetus and offspring throughout gestation and lactation using our recent animal and human studies data. In the animal study, adult female rats were given a diet containing 5 ${\mu}$g/g Hg (as MeHg) for 8 weeks. Then they were mated and subsequently given the same diet throughout gestation and suckling. On embryonic days 18, 20, 22 and at parturition, the concentrations of Hg in the brains of fetus were approximately 1.5-2.0 times higher than those in the mothers. However, during the suckling period Hg concentrations in the brain rapidly declined to about 1/10 of that during late pregnancy. Hg concentrations in blood also decreased rapidly after birth. In human study, Hg concentrations in red blood cells (RBCs-Hg) in 16 pairs of maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were compared at birth and 3 months of age after parturition. RBCs-Hg concentration in the umbilical cords was about 1.6 times higher than those in the mothers at parturition. However, all the infants showed declines in Hg concentrations throughout the breast-feeding period. The Hg concentration in RBCs-Hg at 3 months of age was about half that at birth. Both the animal and human studies indicated that MeHg exposure to the fetus might be especially high but it dramatically decreases during the suckling period. Therefore, close attention should be paid to the gestation rather than the breast-feeding period to avoid the risk of MeHg to human infants.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.18-18
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• 2003

In human, sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) is synonyms for the sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of an infant. The incidence of SIDS has been estimated to be from 1 to 3%. Cloning has a relatively high rate of late abortion and early postnatal death, particularly when somatic cells are used as donors of nuclei and rates as high as 40 to 70% have been reported. However, the mechanisms for SIDS in cloned animals are not known yet. To date, few reports provide detailed information regarding phenotypic abnormality of cloned pigs. In this study, most of the cloned piglets were alive at term and readily recovered respiration. However, approximately 82% of male cloned piglets (81/22) died within a week after birth. Significant findings from histological examinations showed that 42% of somatic cloned male piglets died earlier than somatic cloned female piglets, most probably due to severe congestion of lung and liver or neutrophilic inflammation in brain, which indicates that unexpected phenotypes can appear as a result of somatic cell cloning. No anatomical defects in cloned female piglets were detected, but three of the piglets had died by diarrhea due to bacterial infection within 15 days after birth. Although most of male cloned piglets can be born normal in terms of gross anatomy, they develop phenotypic anomalies that include leydig cell hypoplasia and growth retardation post-delivery under adverse fetal environment and depigmentation of hair- and skin-color form puberty onset. This may provide a mechanism for development of multiple organ system failure in some cloned piglets. Th birth weights of male cloned pig in comparison with those of female cloned piglets are significantly reduced(0.8 vs 1.4kg) and showed longer gestational day(120 vs 114). In conclusion, brain meningitis and hepatopneumonic congestion are a major risk factor for SIDS and such pregnancy in cloned animals requires close and intensive antenatal monitoring.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6557-6559
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• 2015

Background: Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among young women (20-25 years of age) is common and normally transient. There are growing concerns that referral to a colposcopy clinic may lead to unnecessary treatment with an increased risk of obstetric complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of intervention for cervical abnormalities in this age group of the Northern Ireland population. Materials and Methods: A review of all serial new patients under 25 years of age, who were referred to colposcopy clinics in Northern Ireland between January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2009 formed the basis of this study. Results: During the study period, a total of 4,767 women under 25 years of age were screened. Two-hundred-and-thirty-four (4.9%) cases were referred to the colposcopy clinics. The cervical cytology results were: high-grade abnormality in 35%, and low-grade abnormality in 31% of these cases. One-hundred-and-seventy-eight (76%) of the referred women received at least one treatment. One-hundred-and-twenty-one of 234 (51.5%) women underwent an excisional treatment with histology showing the presence of high-grade abnormalities (CIN2-3) in 52%, CIN1 in 28%, and Koilocytosis or normal tissue in 20% of this sub-group of cases. Conclusions: Screening women under the age of 25 years cause unnecessary referral for colposcopy. This may also result in considerable anxiety and psychosexual morbidity. It leads to an over-treatment with a potential of negative impact on the future pregnancy outcomes (including pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and pre-term premature rupture of membranes).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2020

Chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection remains a major health threat, especially in high-prevalence areas. Most infants infected by mother-to-infant HBV transmission become chronic carriers. In Taiwan, many important preventive interventions have been implemented to block the perinatal transmission of HBV in the past 35 years. The first nationwide universal HBV vaccination program was launched in Taiwan in July 1984. The three-dose HBV vaccine completion rate reached 98.1% in 2018. The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decreased from 9.8% in pre-vaccinated period in 1984 to 0.5% in the vaccinated cohort in 2014. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children aged 6-9 years significantly declined from 0.52 to 0.13 per 100,000 children born before and after 1984, respectively. Furthermore, we have performed a maternal HBV screening program during pregnancy since 1984, with the screening rate peaked at 93% in 2012. The HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rate in pregnant women declined from 13.4% and 6.4% in 1984-1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016, respectively. To closely control perinatal HBV infection, we have administered hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth and checked the serum level of HBsAg and anti-HBs in high-risk babies born to HBsAg-seropositive mothers, irrespective of their HBeAg status, since July 2019. We have also adopted short-term antiviral treatments such as tenofovir 300 mg daily in the third trimester for highly viremic mothers and reduced the perinatal infection rates from 10.7 to 1.5%. Through all these efforts, we expect to meet the global goal of eliminating HBV infection by 2030.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2009

착상전 유전진단은 유전질환이 이환될 가능성이 있는 부부들을 대상으로 산전진단을 통한 임신중절의 위험성 없이 정상적인 아이를 가질 수 있게 도와주는 보조생식술의 한 방법으로 확립되었다. 단일 할구를 대상으로 하는 분자생물학 및 분자생물학적 기술의 발전은 착상전 유전진단의 정확성을 높은 수준에 이르게 하였고 whole genome amplification 방법을 이용함으로써 단일세포로부터 여러 가지 다양한 진단을 동시에 수행 가능케 하였으며 단일 유전자 질환에 대한 착상전 유전진단에서의 오진을 감소시킬 수 있었다. 따라서 PCR을 이용한 단일 유전자 질환에 대한 착상전 유전진단의 적용가능 유전질환은 더욱 확대될 것이며 건강한 아이의 출산을 원하는 더 많은 부부들에게 기회를 제공해 줄 것이다. 본 종설에서는 현재 단일유전자 질환에 대한 착상전 유전진단을 시행하는 대부분의 센터에서 시행하고 있는 생검 방법과 multiplex PCR, PCR 후 진단 방법, 그리고 multiple displacement amplification 등의 분자생물학적 방법과 단일 세포 분석에서의 문제점 등을 포함한 단일 유전자 질환에 대한 착상전 유전진단 전반에 관하여 논의할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2003

목 적 : 당뇨병 산모의 빈도가 증가함에 따라 이들에서 태어난 신생아에서 거대아, 대사성 합병증, 선천성 기형 및 분만 손상 등의 주산기 유병률이 높아 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 당뇨병 산모아에서 출생 체중에 따른 주산기 합병증 및 주산기 인자에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1996년 1월부터 2002년 3월까지 전남대학교병원에서 입원하였던 단태 임신의 당뇨병 산모와 그 신생아 중, 부당 경량아와 재태 연령 30주 미만의 환아를 제외한 301례를 대상으로 하여 산모에서는 체중과 신장, 분만력, 당화 혈색소치, 당뇨병의 분류 및 치료를, 그리고 신생아에서는 대사성 합병증, 분만 손상 및 심기형을 포함한 선천성 기형에 대해 의무 기록지를 통하여 후향적으로 분석하였으며, 대상아를 부당 중량아군(1군, 162명)과 적정 체중아군(2군, 139명)으로 나누어 합병증 및 주산기 인자의 차이를 조사하였다. 결 과: 대사성 합병증은 저마그네슘혈증(37.5%), 황달(21.3%), 저혈당증(11.0%) 및 저칼슘혈증(7.0%) 순이었으며, 분만 손상은 59명(19.6%), 동반된 선천성 기형은 동맥관 개존을 포함하여 75명(24.9%)이었고 심기형이 가장 많았다. 부당 중량아군(1군)과 적정 체중아군(2군) 두 군간의 주산기 합병증을 비교해 본 결과, 1군에서 2군에 비해 황달의 빈도(27.7% vs. 16.7%, P<0.05)와 저혈당증 빈도(15.6% vs. 7.4%, P=0.02), 빈호흡의 빈도(10.6% vs. 3.6%, P<0.05) 및 분만 손상의 빈도(24.1% vs. 14.5%. P<0.05)가 의의 있게 높았으며, 심실 중격이 두터웠다($5.5{\pm}3.1mm$ vs. $4.7{\pm}1.1mm$, P<0.05). 당뇨병 산모아의 출생 체중에 영향을 줄 수 있는 주산기 인자를 비교해 본 결과, 1군에서 산모의 키와 임신 전 체중 및 임신 기간 중 체중 증가가 의의 있게 컸고(모두 P<0.01), 산모가 임신 기간 동안 임신성 당뇨를 인지하지 못했던 경우가 더 많았다(21.7% vs. 6.6%, P<0.01). 결 론 : 당뇨병 산모아에서 출생 체중군에 따른 주산기 합병증은 부당 중량아군에서 적정 체중아군에 비해 황달, 저혈당증 및 분만 손상의 빈도가 의의 있게 높았고 심실 중격 두께가 두터웠으며, 산모의 키가 더 크고 임신 전 체중 및 임신 기간 동안 체중 증가가 컸으므로, 부당 중량아를 분만할 수 있는 고위험 임산부에 대한 주의 깊은 검사와 관리가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5049-5055
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• 2011

본 논문은 10개월의 임신기간을 통해 새로운 생명 탄생을 준비하는 임산부의 육체적, 정신적 부분에서의 변화 중 신체에서의 구강은 태아의 건강까지 책임져야하는 영양분 섭취에서의 첫 관문이라는 의미에서 잘 관리되어져야 한다. 이에 임산부의 구강보건관리 실태와 구강보건 인지도를 조사한 결과, 잇몸 출혈 시 칫솔질 여부는 '이행' 54.4%였고, '불이행' 45.6%로 나타나고 있다. 임신 중 치과치료 경험유무는 전체적으로 '아니오'의 응답이 164명(91.1%)로 높게 나타났다. 보조구강위생용품 사용종류에 대한 다중응답으로 조사한 결과로 가장 많이 사용한 보조구강위생용품은 '이쑤시개' 43.2%였고, 다음으로 2순위는 '치실' 26.2%였으며, 3순위는 '구강양치액' 12.6% 순이었다. 구강보건교육에 대한 경험유무는 전체적으로 구강보건교육을 받은 경험은 대다수가 '없다(92.8%)'였다. 구강보건교육 필요성은 전체적으로 '필요하다'의 응답이 92.8%로 나타났다. 임산부의 구강건강에서 가장 고민되는 부분에 대해서 자유형 개방형으로 조사한 결과로 가장 많은 고민은 '입덧으로 인한 칫솔질의 어려움'이었고, 다음으로 '잇몸출혈', '치은염과 구취', '충치'의 순이었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2023

임산부의 기존 질병 또는 임신 중 발생한 질병을 치료하기 위한 약물의 사용은 태아에게 잠재적인 위협이 될 수 있으므로 약물의 태아 독성 여부를 예측하는 것이 필수적이다. 하지만 약물의 태아 독성을 밝혀내는 것은 많은 시간과 비용을 필요로 하며 인간 태아에게서 독성 작용을 나타내는 근거가 불분명하다. 이에 따라 최근 태아 독성 평가를 위한 시험 설계의 현대화, 예측성 개선, 동물 사용 및 투자 비용 감소를 위한 in silico 태아 독성 평가 모델의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 태아 독성 정보를 수집하고 다양한 기계학습 알고리즘을 적용하여 태아 독성 예측이 가능한 모델을 구축하였으며, 태아 독성 예측 모델의 입력 값으로 활용하기 위해 각 약물에 대한 구조적 및 생리학적 특성 벡터를 생성하였다. 이후 예측 정확도 개선을 위해 초매개변수를 조정하여 모델을 최적화 하였다. 개발한 태아 독성 예측 모델의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 학습 셋과 독립된 테스트 셋을 활용하여 정량적 성능 평가를 수행하였으며, 모든 모델의 약물 및 약물 후보 물질의 태아 독성 여부를 예측할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다(AUROC>0.85, AUPR>0.9). 나아가, 예측 모델의 특성 중요도를 분석하여 태아 독성과 관련성이 높은 약물의 특성을 제시하였다. 제안한 모델은 적은 비용과 시간으로 예측 점수를 제공함으로써 인간에 대한 태아 독성 연구를 설계하는 과정에 도움이 될 것을 기대한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2016

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, including in Iran. Variations in its incidence rate among geographical areas are due to various contributing factors. Since there has been a lack of studies on this topic in our country, the present spatial analysis of skin cancer incidence in Iran in 2009 was conducted using data from the cancer registry system for the country. The reported incidences of the disease were standardized on the basis of the World Health Organization population and the direct method. Then the data were inserted into the GIS software, and finally, using the analysis of hot spots (Getis-Ord Gi), high-risk areas were drawn. Provinces that were 1.9 SD higher or lower than the national average were considered hot spots or cold spots, with significance at the level of 0.05. In 2009, a total of 9,964 cases of skin cancer occurred, 3,696 in women and 6,268 in men (standardized incidence rates of 15.8 and 22.6, respectively). The results of the study showed that in men and women, the disease demonstrated high incidence in the central provinces and desert regions. In women, Yazd Province and in men, Qom Province had significant hot spots (p <0.05). While Isfahan, Markazi, Tehran and Kurdistan provinces were expected to be hot spots, the differences from the national average were not significant at the 0.05 level. As well, the provinces of Sistan Va Baluchistan, Kerman, and Hormozgan were identified as cold or low-risk disease regions (p <0.05). The central provinces of the country due to hot weather conditions, more solar radiation, and closer vicinity to the central desert of Iran demonstrated higher incidence rates for skin cancer, so further epidemiological studies into the etiology and early detection are essential in these areas.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper was to concisely review the practical changes in MeHg concentrations in fetus and offspring throughout gestation and suckling from our recent animal and human studies. In the animal study, adult female rats were given a diet containing 5ug/g Hg (as MeHg) for 8 weeks. Then they were mated and subsequently given the same diet throughout gestation and suckling. On embryonic days 18, 20, 22 and at parturition, the concentrations of Hg in the brains of fetus were approximately 1.5-2.0 times higher than those in the mothers. However, during the suckling period Hg concentrations in the brain rapidly declined to about 1/10 of that during late pregnancy. Hg concentrations in blood also decreased rapidly after birth. In human study, Hg concentrations in red blood cells (RBC-Hg) in 16 pairs of maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were compared at birth and 3 months of age after parturition. RBC-Hg in the umbilical cords was about 1.6 times higher than those in the mothers at parturition. However, all the infants showed declines in Hg concentrations throughout the breast-feeding period. RBC-Hg at 3 months of age was about half that at birth. Both the animal and human studies indicated that MeHg exposure to the fetus might be especially high but it dramatically decreases during the suckling period. Therefore, close attention should be paid to the gestation rather than the breast-feeding period to avoid the risk of MeHg to human infants.