• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.539-550
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• 2009

This study found that tropical cyclones (TCs) formed for fall in 2007 over the western North Pacific were distributed in high-latitudes comparing to 56-year (1951-2006) climatological mean. The frequency and latitude of TC genesis became higher than 56-year climatological mean from September onward in 2007 and all the TCs that formed to the north of 20$^{\circ}$N was also distributed after September in 2007. These characteristics of TC genesis for fall in 2007 could be confirmed through analyzing various variables, such as a large-scale atmospheric circulation, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), vertical zonal wind shear, and sea surface temperature (SST). On the other hand, a frequency of the TC that occurred to the north of 200N showed a clear interdecadal variation and its decreasing trend was distinctive in recent years. Its intensity was also weaker that TCs that did to the south of 20$^{\circ}$N. However, a latitude of TC genesis showed an increasing trend until recent years, whose variation was consistent with trend that through a SST analysis, warm SST went north in recent years.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.761-769
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• 2009

In this paper, we report on the channel capacity and diversity gain of the vehicle on-glass antenna for FM radio reception. The correlation coefficient and channel capacity were obtained using the simulated 3D radiation pattern of each antenna and the Rayleigh channel model for urban environment. To examine the channel capacity we used two antennas which are a simple straight antenna and L-type antenna. Then we observed the available channel capacity by varying the position of feeds and the shape of the L-type antenna. The sample antenna, which has a maximum feed distance with different polarizations, was built and the receiving performance was measured in the weak FM field area. From the results we confirmed that the distance between the feeds should be placed as far as possible for the high channel capacity. If the distance between the feeds are greater than a certain threshold value than the polarizations of the two antennas are getting more important for determining the channel capacity.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Ultraviolet radiation have much influenced with a deep wrinkles, roughness, laxity of skin damage and pigmentation through oxidative stress and oxidative photo-damage. This study investigates the functional properties of hydrogel facial mask sheets made from agar, Styela clava tunics and Broussonetia papyrifera tunics. The skin of S. clava is covered with a hard cellulose containing glycoprotein, glycosaminoglycan and chondroitin sulfate. B. papyrifera is better known as Paper mulberry. It contains kazinol which serves as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin whitening agent. The tensile strength of facial mask sheet was measured by universal testing machine, and the water absorption and moisture permeability of facial mask sheet were measured by dryer. Additionally, the DPPH assay and MTT assay were conducted for anti-oxidative activity and cytotoxicity of facial mask sheet. The whitening effect of the facial mask sheet was measured by tyrosinase inhibitor assay. These tests showed that the three ingredients are suitable cosmetic materials. The results reveal that they produce a high quality hydrogel facial mask sheet when the membrane contains 1%(W/V) of agar, 0.1%(W/V) of B. papyrifera tunics and 0.05%(W/V) of S. clava tunics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

Meanwhile, reference evapotranspiration(ET0) is important information for agricultural management including irrigation planning and drought assessment, the database of reference evapotranspiration for future periods was rarely constructed especially at districts unit over the country. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) provides several meteorological data such as precipitation, average temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation for long-term future period at daily time-scale. This study aimed to build a database for reference evapotranspiration using the climate forecasts at high resolution (the outputs of HadGEM3-RA provided by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA)). To estimate reference evapotranspiration, we implemented four different models such as FAO Modified Penman, FAO Penman-Monteith, FAO Blaney-Criddle, and Thornthwaite. The suggested database system has an open architecture so that user could add other models into the database. The database contains 5,050 regions' data for each four models and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios. The developed database system provides selecting features by which the database users could extract specific region and period data.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.735-747
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• 2018

Radon radiation exposures in home have been posed as a potential cancer hazard. This research aims to present the basic data of the indoor radon concentration level by examining the radon exhalation rates of wood species. Radon exhalation rates from five commonly used wood species in Korean wood building construction were measured with Continuous Radon Monitor (CRM), Model 1028 (Sun Nuclear Co., USA) using the Closed Chamber Method (CCM). The mass exhalation rate was observed to vary from $0.00089Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ to $0.00181Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$, whereas the surface exhalation rate was observed to be $0.00677-0.01517Bq{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. The radon exhalation rate of Quercus accutissima Carruth (white oak) which has the highest density showed the highest figure among the five wood species, on the other hand, the rest of four species showed similar results which were similar to the radon exhalation rates of wood in the U.S.A. and Canada. The average of the concentration measured by the CCM represented well up to the second half-life period (7.7 days). Because result of these small quantities seems to indicate that radon exhalation from the tested wood species has almost negligible impact, the main culprit of the high indoor radon concentration is clearly derived from the background of surrounding wood house. Therefore, as a safety precaution, infrastructures made of wood materials should be designed with the consideration of influx of radon and built accordingly. Furthermore, it is highly desirable that wood will be needed to use for furniture and interior finishing material in indoor environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

The dryer (ten per unit) are operating to remove tritium in PHWR(Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor). There are coming out heavy water adsorbent from operating the dryer (95 drums for ten year per unit) The amount of radioactivity of heavy water adsorbent almost exceed ninety times more than disposal limit-in-itself showed by The Ministry of Science and Technology. It has to be disposed whole radioactive waste products, however there are problems of increase at the expense of their permanent disposal. In this research, We have studied how to remove kinds of nuclear materials and amount of tritium with in heavy water adsorbent. As the result we could develop disposal equipment and apply it. D20 adsorbent have to contain below Gamma nuclide O.3Bq/g and tritium 100Bq/g "The Regulation for disposal of the radioactivity wastes" showed by The Ministry of Science and Technology. There fore. So as to remove amount of tritium and kinds of nuclear materials (DTO) we needed a equipment. Also we have studied how to remove effectively radioactivity with in Adsorbent. As cleaning heavy water adsorbent and drying on each condition (temperature for drying and hours for cleaning). Because there is something to return heavy water adsorbent by removing impurities within adsorbent when it is dried o high temperature. After operating, we have been applying this research to the way to dispose heavy water adsorbent. Through this we could reduce solid waste products and the expense of permanent disposal of radioactive waste products and also we could contribute nuclear power plant run safely. According to the result we could keep the best condition of radiation safety super vision and we could help people believe in safety with Radioactivity wastes control for harmony with Environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

When developing military equipment, it should be designed considering the temperature condition so that the operator can operate in a stable environment. The shelter for storing various military equipments is operated in various environments. The storage temperature and operating requirements of the test equipment and repair accessories shall be $-32^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ and the inside of the shelter shall be designed to meet the storage temperature and operating requirements. In this study, thermal analysis of a 2.5 ton military shelter operating under high temperature and solar heat conditions is performed considering MIL-STD-810G. The thermal analysis was applied by using the concept of heat resistance and heat circuit, and the solar thermal test was performed on the actually manufactured military shelter in order to verify the analysis results.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was suggested to establish of student housing by using shipping container. The research method are a study of shipping container and characteristics of student housing by using shipping container, compared typically student housing with student housing by using shipping container. Also there are planning though a case study of various planes and survey based on the student housing city in Amsterdam, Netherland, is called Keetwonen. It is a planning for housing unit to actual build at the part of land to devise master plan The 40FT(High Cube) Shipping Container housing unit are double occupancy room with toilet and balcony. The common areas are the kitchen, laundry facilities, conference room and lounge are available on the first floor with a lightweight steel frame construction method applied for obtain substantive utilization of the space. Considering into the type and scale of site shall be planning in the form of side corridor and central corridor, which is preferable to separate the interior space into two areas by a central corridor to secure personal privacy. Also, planning such as a separate exterior panel, color and landscape design to improve the external image of the container and block the solar radiation heat influx with a pitched roof. Allow 24 college students shall live at the site of Seongnae-dong, Gangdong-gu in Seoul, Korea (site area $330.9m^2$), including common facilities and a lounge with a building that has three stories above ground were established to build plans to target the actual land.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

The effects of high energy short wave solar radiation on human skin have received much publicity as the major cause of accelerated skin ageing and of skin cancers. To meet public demand, the cosmetic industry has developed sun protection factor products, which contain a variety of so-called "UV filters", among others benzophenone (BP) and its metabolites are the widely used UV filters. UV filters are also used to prevent UV light from damaging scents and colors in a variety of cosmetics products and to protect of plastic products against light-induced degradation. There are many variants of BP in use. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the hazardous effect of BP-type UV filters will be important to environment and human health. The genotoxicity of 7 BP-type UV filters was evaluated in L5178Y $(tk^{+/-})$ mouse lymphoma cells in vitro. BP, benzhydrol, 4-hydroxybenzophenone 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone did not induce significant mutation frequencies both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. 2, 2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone appeared the positive results at the highest dose, i.e. 120.4 ${\mu}g/mL$ only in the absence of metabolic activation system. And also, 2, 3, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone revealed a significant increase of mutation frequencies in the range of 138.1-207.2 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the absence of metabolic activation system and 118.3-354.8 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the presence of metabolic activation system. Through the results of MLA with 7 BP-type UV filters in L5178Y cells in vitro, we may provide the important clues on the genotoxic potentials of these BP-type UV filters.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.403-412
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• 2006

The effect of a wall temperature on the soot deposition process from a diffusion flame to a solid wall was investigated in a microgravity environment to attain in-situ observations of the process. The fuel for the flames was an ethylene ($C_2H_4$). The surrounding oxygen concentration was 35% with surrounding air temperatures of $T_a=600K$. In the study, three different wall temperatures. $T_w$=300, 600, 800K, were selected as major test conditions. Laser extinction was adopted to determine the soot volume fraction distribution between the flame and burner wall. The experimental results showed that the maximum soot volume fractions at $T_w$=300, 800 K were $8.8{\times}10^{-6},\;9.2{\times}10^{-6}$, respectively. However, amount of soot deposition on wall surface was decreased because of lower temperature gradient near the wall with increasing wall temperature. A numerical simulation was also performed to understand the motion of soot particles in the flame and the characteristics of the soot deposition to the wall. The results from the numerical simulation successfully predicted the differences in the motion of soot particles by different wall temperature near the burner surface and are in good agreement with observed soot behavior that is, the 'soot line', in microgravity.