• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.399-402
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• 2000

일반적인 수산물 통조림의 내용물 속에는 물, 기름 및 조미액즙 등 packing medium이 들어있다. 본 연구에서는 새우, 꽁치 및 굴을 원료로 건조 및 조미 후 packing medium이 없는 새로운 형태의 조미통조림을 제조하고 이들 제품의 진공도별 (15, 30, 45 및 60cmHg) 열침투 특성을 조사할 목적으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 진공도별 제품의 열침투 속도는 진공도가 높을수록 빠르게 나타났으며 동일시간 살균했을 때 진공도가 높을수록 Fo치가 높게 나타났다. 한편 상법으로 제조된 water pack과 본 시험에서 제조한 조미통조림과의 열침투 속도를 비교했을 때 새우와 꽁치 조미통조림의 경우는 진공도 15cmHg 이상에서는 열침투 속도가 water pack 제품보다는 빠르게 나타났고 굴 제품의 경우는 water pack 제품이 30cmHg 이상에서 열침투 속도가 빠르게 나타났다. 따라서 packing medium이 없는 조미 통조림의 경우 진공도 30cmHg 이상이 되면 기존의 water pack 제품보다 열침투 속도가 빠르다는 사실이 관찰되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.181-181
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• 2012

Direct synthesis of graphene using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been considered a facile way to produce large-area and uniform graphene film, which is an accessible method from an application standpoint. Hence, their fundamental understanding is highly required. Unfortunately, the CVD growth mechanism of graphene on Cu remains elusive and controversial. Here, we present the evidences for two different growth modes of graphene on Cu investigated by varying carbon feedstock (C2H2 and CH4) and working pressure. The number of uniform graphene layer grown by C2H2 increased with increasing its injection time. A combined secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed a carbon-diffused Cu layer created below surface region of Cu substrate with the expansion of Cu lattice. The graphene on Cu was grown by the diffusion and precipitation mode not by the surface adsorption mode, because similar results were observed in graphene/Ni system. The carbon-diffused Cu layer was also observed after graphene growth under high CH4 pressure. Based on various previous results and ours, we have successfully found that there are two selective growth modes for graphene on Cu substrate, and a desired mode can be chosen by tuning working pressure corresponding to the kind of carbon feedstock. We believe that this finding will shed light on high quality graphene growth and its multifaceted applications.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.159-159
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• 2011

Among the semiconductor ternary compounds in the I-III-$VI_2$ series, $CulnS_2$ ($CulnSe_2$) are one of the promising materials for photovoltaic applications because of the suitability of their electrical and optical properties. The $CuInS_2$ thin film is one of I-III-$VI_2$ type semiconductors, which crystallizes in the chalcopyrite structure. Its direct band gap of 1.5 eV, high absorption coefficient and environmental viewpoint that $CuInS_2$ does not contain any toxic constituents make it suitable for terrestrial photovoltaic applications. A variety of techniques have been applied to deposit $CuInS_2$ thin films, such as single/double source evaporation, coevaporation, rf sputtering, chemical vapor deposition and chemical spray pyrolysis. This is the first report that $CuInS_2$ thin films have been prepared by Aerosol Jet Deposition (AJD) technique which is a novel and attractive method because thin films with high deposition rate can be grown at very low cost. In this study, $CuInS_2$ thin films have been prepared by Aerosol Jet Deposition (AJD) method which employs a nozzle expansion. The mixed fluid is expanded through the nozzle into the chamber evacuated in a lower pressure to deposit $CuInS_2$ films on Mo coated glass substrate. In this AJD system, the characteristics of $CuInS_2$ films are dependent on various deposition parameters, such as compositional ratio of precursor solution, flow rate of carrier gas, stagnation pressure, substrate temperature, nozzle shape, nozzle size and chamber pressure, etc. In this report, $CuInS_2$ thin films are deposited using the deposition parameters such as the compositional ratio of the precursor solution and the substrate temperature. The deposited $CuInS_2$ thin films will be analyzed in terms of deposition rate, crystal structure, and optical properties.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2012

In this paper, we present the results of our studies on optimal die design towards development of a vacuum die casting process to fabricate fuel cell bipolar plate with micro-channel array. Cavity and overflow shape is designed by computational filling analysis of MAGMA soft. Optimal die design consists of seven overflows at the end of cavity and three overflows at each side wall of cavity. The molten metal that passed the gate and reached the side wall flowed into the side overflow, no turbulent flow occurred, and the filling behavior and velocity distribution were uniform. In addition, partially solidified molten metal passing through the channel was perfectly eliminated by overflow without back-flow. When vacuum pressure, injection speed of low and high region was 300 mbar, 0.3 m/s and 2.5 m/s respectively with Silafont 36 die casting alloy, sound sample without casting defects was obtained. The experimental results are nearly consistent with simulation results.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.82-87
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• 2007

A cleaner has trouble with too much noise and power consumption. To solve these problems, the investigation for motors, which are the main component of vacuum cleaner, is required. However, it is difficult to analyze the flow by the experimental means because of the high speed of the fan rotation ranging from 30,000 rpm to 50,000 rpm. Moreover it takes much time to perform the numerical simulation for the flow. In this research, it is aimed to analyse the flow through the centrifugal fan which is believed to be a main noise source, by the computational method. The efficiency of the centrifugal fan is affected by friction loss, shock loss and so on. Those losses depend on factors like the velocity of impeller, blade shape and etc. Accordingly, the influence of the shape of impeller on the flow is investigated in this study. The computational analysis was done by changing impeller shapes. The flow around the centrifugal fan is simulated by applying the moving mesh. To verify the validity of the computation results, the air flow rate and the pressure field to the cleaner is compared with the experimental data. All simulations are performed by using commercial code SC/Tetra. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental ones qualitatively and it is believed to be promising to use computational simulation in the improvement of the vacuum cleaner performance.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.41-44
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• 2011

Molecular compositions of two types of heavy oil were studied using positive atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Vacuum gas oil (VGO) was generated from vacuum distillation of atmospheric residual oil (AR), and slurry oil (SLO) was generated from catalytic cracking of AR. These heavy oils have similar boiling point ranges in the range of 210-$650^{\circ}C$, but they showed different mass ranges and double-bond equivalent (DBE) distributions. Using DBE and carbon number distributions, aromatic ring distributions, and the extent of alkyl side chains were estimated. In addition to the main aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, those containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen heteroatoms were identified using simple sample preparation and ultra-high mass resolution FT-ICR MS analysis. VGO is primarily composed of mono- and di-aromatic hydrocarbons as well as sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, whereas SLO contained mainly polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing hydrocarbons. Both heavy oils contain polyaromatic nitrogen components. SLO inludes shorter aromatic alkyl side chains than VGO. This study demonstrates that APPI FT-ICR MS is useful for molecular composition characterization of petroleum heavy oils obtained from different refining processes.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.866-870
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• 2008

In this study, we designed cold gas propulsion system with minimum 0.25 mm nozzle and micro-thrust measurement system to analyze flow characteristic of micro propulsion system in ambient and vacuum condition. Argon and Nitrogen are used for propellant and the result of experiments is compared with CFD analysis and theory. But there is a point where reduced scale versions of conventional propulsion systems will no longer be practical. Therefore, a fundamentally different approach to propulsion systems was taken. That is thermal transpiration based micro propulsion system. It has no moving parts such as lubricants, pressurizing system and can pump the gaseous propellant by temperature gradient only(cold to hot). We are advancing basic research of propulsion system based on thermal transpiration in vacuum conditions and had tried experiment process and theoretical access in advance. To characterize membrane of Knudsen pump, we select Polyimide material that has low thermal conductivity(0.29 W/mK) and can stand high temperature($300^{\circ}C$) for long time. And we fabricated hole diameter 1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1 mm using precision manufacturing. Experimental results show that pressure gradient efficiency of Knudsen pump is increased to maximum 82% according to Knudsen number and thick membranes are more effective than thin membranes in transition flow regime.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.51-51
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• 2008

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have long been reported as an ideal material due to their excellent electrical conductivity and chemical and mechanical stability as well as their high aspect ratios for field emission devices. CNT emitters made by screen printing the organic binder-based CNT paste may act as a source to release gases inside a vacuum panel. These residual gases may cause a catastrophic damage by electrical arcing or ion bombardment to the vacuum microelectronic devices and may change their physical or electrical properties by adsorbing on the CNT emitter surface. In this study, we analyzed the composition of residual gases inside the vacuum-sealed panel by residual gas analyzer (RGA), investigating the effects of individual gases of different kinds at several pressures on the field emission characteristics of CNT emitters. The residual gases included $H_2$, CO, $CO_2$, $N_2$, $CH_4$, $H_2O$, $C_2H_6$, and Ar. Effect of residual gases on the field emission was studied by observing the variation of the pulse voltages with the duty ratio of3.3% to keep the constant emission current of $28{\mu}A$. Each gas species was introduced to a vacuum chamber up to three different pressures ($5\times10^{-7}$, $5\times10^{-6}$, and $5\times10^{-5}$ torr) each for 1 h while electron emission was continued. The three different pressure regions were separated by keeping a high vacuum of $\sim10^{-8}$ torr for a 1 h. The emission was terminated 6 h after the third gas exposure was completed. Field emission characteristics under residual gases will be discussed in terms of their adsorption and desorption on the surface of CNTs and the resultant change of work function.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2004

The aeroacoustic characteristics of a centrifugal fan for a vacuum cleaner and its noise reduction method are studied in this paper. The major noise source of a vacuum cleaner is the centrifugal fan. The impeller of the fan rotates at over 30000 rpm, and generates very high-level noise. It was revealed that the dominant noise source is the aerodynamic interaction between the rotating impeller and stationary diffuser. The directivity of acoustic pressure showed that most of the noise propagates backward direction of the fan-motor assembly. In order to reduce the high tonal sound generated from the aerodynamic interaction, unevenly pitched impeller and diffuser, and tapered impeller designs were proposed and experiments were performed. Uneven pitch design of the impeller changes the sound quality while the overall sound power level (SPL) and the performance remains similar. The effect of the tapered design of impeller was evaluated. The trailing edge of the tapered fan is inclined. This reduces the flow interaction between the rotating impeller and the stationary diffuser because of some phase shifts. The static efficiency of the new impeller design is slightly lower than the previous design. However, the overall SPL is reduced by about 4 dB(A). The SPL of the fundamental blade passing frequency (BPF) is reduced by about 6 dB (A) and the 2$\^$nd/ BPF is reduced about 20 dB (A). The vacuum cleaner with the tapered impeller design produces lower noise level than the previous one, and the strong tonal sound was dramatically reduced.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2000

진공증착 및 이온플레이팅 방법을 이용하여 냉간 압연된 강판상에 알루미늄피막을 형성시킨 후, 증발율 및 증기분포 변화를 측정하고 각 증착방법에서의 증발율에 따른 증기분포 변화를 비교 및 검토하였다. 본 실험에서의 이온플레이팅은 증발원 근처에 이온화 전극을 설치하는 방법으로 고전류 아크방전을 유도하여 $10^{-4}$ Torr 이하에서도 기존의 이온플레이팅에 비해 높은 이온화율을 얻을 수 있는 아크방전 유도형 이온플레이팅(Arc-induced ion Plating; AIIP) 방법을 이용하였다. 전자빔을 이용하면서 알루미나 크루시블을 사용하여 알루미늄을 증발시킬 경우 분당 2.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$이상의 높은 증발율을 얻을 수 있었으며, 이온플레이팅의 경우 이온화된 증기의 상호작용에 따른 산란 효과로 증발율이 다소 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. $cos^{n/\phi}$로 이루어지는 증기분포의 결정인자(n)의 값이 진공증착의 경우는 1에 근접하는 것으로 나타났고 AIIP의 경우는 2 또는 그보다 더 큰 값으로 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다. 이로부터 이온플레이팅의 경우 이온화율 또는 기판 바이어스 전압의 효과가 다른 조건에 비해 증기분포에 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.