• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2010

It is well established fact that under tropical condition, unlike polyvoltines, bivoltines are more vulnerable to various stresses i.e. hot climatic conditions of tropics, poor leaf quality and improper management during summer which are not conducive for bivoltine rearing. Therefore, attempt has been made in this study to develop promising bivoltine breeds tolerant to high temperature and high humidity conditions of the tropics. In the present study, by utilizing temperature tolerant breeds six breeding lines were made and at every generation the 5th instar larvae were exposed to high temperature and high humidity and the survived ones were back crossed with the breeds moderately tolerant to diseases were made to improve the quantitative traits. From F6 generations, alternate rearing in normal temperature and high temperature were conducted. At the end of F12 generation, it was possible to isolate three dumbbell breeds viz., HH8, HH10 and HH12 with improvement in quantitative traits. The methodologies followed for the development are discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2000

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and humidity on biochemical indices of Arbor Acres broilers at different weeks of age. The alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), plasma glucose (Glu), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), urea nitrogen (UN), uric acid (UA), plasma thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin levels were determined in all the four experiments. In experiment 1, the plasma Glu, LD and CK levels were increased by heat exposure ($35{^{\circ}C}$ and 35, 60, or 85% RH, 2 h) and this effect was aggravated by longer exposure (24 h). No significant changes (p>0.05) were found in Ca concentration, activity of AKP and ACP. In experiment 2, temperature (10, 20, 30, $33{^{\circ}C}$) had significant effect on the levels of K, Cl, UN, UA levels and the activity of LD (p<0.01), but had no significant influence on the activity of CK (p>0.05). The UN, UK and LD levels were elevated by low temperature $(10{^{\circ}C})$ (p<0.01), Cl content was increased by high temperature ($(33{^{\circ}C})$ (p<0.01), and K level was decreased by high ($(33{^{\circ}C})$ or low $(10{^{\circ}C})$ temperature and increased by medium temperature $(30{^{\circ}C})$ (p<0.01). The humidity (35, 85% RH) only had significant effect on Cl concentration which was decreased by high humidity (p<0.01). In experiment 3, the result showed that only the LD and CK activity were significantly increased (p<0.01) by high temperature (7, 24, 28, $32{^{\circ}C}$) or high humidity (35, 85% RH). Temperature and humidity had no significant effect on K, Cl, UA, UN and Glu levels (p>0.05). In experiment 4 (24, 27, 30, $33{^{\circ}C}$; 30, 45, 60, 75, 90% RH), plasma T3 level was declined by high temperature $(33{^{\circ}C})$, and this phenomena disappeared in birds under high temperature and high humidity environment. T4 concentration in plasma was not affected by temperature (p>0.05), but was increased by high or low humidity (p<0.01). Neither temperature nor humidity had significant effect on plasma insulin concentration (p>0.05). The results of the four experiments suggested that broilers at different growth periods might have different thermal requirements and would response differently to heat exposure. The plasma biochemical indices themselves had big variation; the reaction of the indices to thermal exposure treatment differed with the age of broilers. The big variation of biochemical indices themselves might cover the response of indices to temperature and humidity treatments.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2020

As flexible electronics will be used under high temperature and high humidity with repeated bending deformations, the effects of environmental condition and repeated mechanical deformations are considered simultaneously to achieve long-term reliability. In this study, the mechanical reliability of metal electrodes (Al, Ag, Cu) deposited on flexible polymer substrate is investigated under 4 different conditions: with and without repeated mechanical deformations and normal environmental or high temperature and high humidity conditions (85℃/85%). The mechanical failure does not occur in all the metal electrodes without mechanical deformation even under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The electrical resistance of metal electrode increased about 400% to 600% after 100,000 bending cycles under normal condition. For high temperature and high humidity condition, the electrical resistance of Al and Ag increased similarly. However, the resistance of Cu during bending fatigue test under high temperature and high humidity condition increased over 90000% because of the combined effect of corrosion and mechanical fatigue. This study can give a helpful information for designing electrode materials with high mechanical reliability under high temperature and high humidity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2003

The hot climatic conditions prevailing particularly in summer are not conducive to rear these high yielding bivoltine hybrids throughout the year, In order to select efficiently the breeds with high temperature tolerance, it is very important to analyze critically the impact of high temperature on many silk yielding attributes of silkworm races. Keeping the above in view, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of high temperature $(36 {\pm} 1^{\circ}C)$ and high humidity $(80 {\pm} 5% Relative Humidity)$ on the rearing performance of pure races, foundation crosses, single hybrids and double hybrids of bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The robust bivoltine breeds, CSR18, CSR19, 8HT and 5HT, eight foundation crosses, eight single hybrids and eight double hybrids involving these breeds were chosen as materials in this study.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2005

The implications of temperature (25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity (RH; 60, 70 and $80\%$) on the hatching rhythmicity and hatching parameters (percentage and duration) were studied in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. under natural photoperiod (LD 12 : 12). Disease free layings (DFLs) of two pure silkworm breeds, Pure Mysore (PM, a multivoltine breed) and $NB_4D_2$ (a bivoltine breed), and their hybrid, $PM{\times}NB_4D_2$ were introduced into the experimental conditions on the $3^{rd}$ day of oviposition till completion of hatching. The hatching rhythm was predominantly diurnal under all temperature and humidity conditions, with peaks just after 'lights-on' phase (6 hrs). Extreme temperature and humidity conditions did not alter the hatching rhythmicity, but prolonged the hatching durations, extending it to the next day, coupled with reduced hatching percentage in PM and $PM{\times}NB_4D_2{\cdot}In\;NB_4D_2$, on the other hand, hatching did not extend to the next day. Hatching percentage in this breed, however, reduced below the economic level under high temperature and low humidity conditions. The high temperature and low humidity together, though did not alter the rhythmicity, seems to exert synergetic effect on the hatching percentage and its duration in the silkworm, B. mori.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 1985

cent was carried out to study on the effect of temperature and humidity to chemical tobacco leaves during the yellowing stage. The results were follows : In the condition of high humidity and low temperature, yellowing time was delayed ; leaf color appeared lack clearness. In the higher temperature and the lower humidity during the yellowing stage : total sugar, reducing sugar and malic acid content were increased. Decomposition of nitrogenous components elevated in $38^{\circ}C$, 85%RH. Changes of total nitrogen content correlated with total curing time. Adecrease of linolenic acid with a corresponding increase of chlorogenic acid proceeded in the condition of low temperature and high humidity. In a view of tobacco quality by chemical components, the low temperature and high humidity during the yellowing stage decreased quality of tobacco leaves. It is considered to control of the proper condition of temperature and humidity during the yellowing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2000

This study was to determine the characteristics of vapor-permeable waterproof finished fabric by the coating method. 4 different kinds of coating fabrics (A : wet, porous, polyurethane, B : dry, no porous, polyurethane, C : shape memory polyurethane and D : dry, porous polyurethane) were used, which were developed recently With this sample, moisture transport rate ($40^{\circ}C$, 45%RH & $40^{\circ}C$, 95%RH), changes of coating side's shape by washing times, water repellency rate, contracted length, qmax, heat conductivity, heat keeping rate, heat keeping rate with cotton, heat keeping rate on humidity temperature and humidity within clothing etc. were checked. And it was done in a climate chamber under $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $65{\pm}5%RH$. The results of this study were as follow; In the moisture vapor transmission of sample B and C increased on high temperature and high humidity while sample A and D decreased, on this condition. Qmax rate had high relation with ground fabric's surface properties and the order was A>C>D>B. Heat conductivity had high relation with thickness and surface properties. Heat keeping rates on sweat condition showed around half percents of heat keeping rates on normal condition, but had no relation with moisture vapor transport rate. Changes of the fabric's properties by washing times were different in accordance with the construction of fabrics and the coating resin. Sample C had tow heat keeping rate on the high temperature and humidity and high heat keeping rate on the low temperature and humidity Moisture transport rate of vapor-permeable waterproof finished fabrics had high relation with the properties of ground fabrics on low humidity condition, but on the high humidity condition, it was highly related with the properties of coating resin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1977

For four calender years (1971-1974), daily observations of weather conditions (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, cloud amount, fog, precipitation etc.) at six stations in the north western Pacific Ocean are used to calculate mean monthly values and to check extra-conditions. At Petropavlosk and Miko'skoe, where indicate the characteristics of modified continental climate, the temperature and humidity are high in summer, and Iow in winter. At A Dak and She Mya, where indicate the characteristics of warm current type maritime climate, humidity is high in all season and annual range of air temperature is nearly negligible. At Simusir and Vasi!' eva, where indicate the characteristics of cold current type maritime climate, humidity is high in all season and annual range of air temperature is $15^{\circ}C.$ As dry cooling power is relatively high in winter, working condition on deck is bad. Most of fogs are advection fog in the area of cold current type climate in summer.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1515_1516
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• 2009

A 440MHz wireless and passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) based micro-sensor was developed for simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity. The developed sensor is composed of a SAW reflective delay lines structured by an IDT (Inter-Digital Transducer), four reflectors and humidity sensitive film (polyimide). Polyimide was dry-ecthed by RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) to obtain high roughness, which gives the large reaction area resulting in high sensitivity. In wireless testing using a network analyzer, sharp reflection peaks with high S/N ratio, small signal attenuation, and few spurious peaks were observed in the time domain. High sensitivity towards the temperature and humidiy were also observed in the large concentration range. The obtained sensitivity was $16.8^{\circ}/^{\circ}C$ for temperature sensor and $15.8^{\circ}$/%RH for humidity sensor.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.841-848
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• 2015

As a vital part of renewable energy and electrical traction, power converters are supposed to have high reliability and good performance. However, power semiconductors produce considerable heat when the power converter works, which results in high junction temperatures that lower the reliability and performance of the power semiconductors. Many studies show that ambient humidity has a significant effect on power devices, but the influence of high humidity on junction temperatures has yet to be studied. Therefore, this paper presents a thermal model for power converters in moist air to obtain the junction temperature increase, which is utilized for the power converter used in a Switched Reluctance Motor System. Simulation results show that the law of converter temperature distribution is independent of the relative humidity in the case of fixed ambient temperature, whereas the temperature in the power converter decreases as the ambient relative humidity increases. These simulation results are validated with the experimental results.