• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2008

The effect of the alloy elements(Si/Mn) ratio on the coating quality including wettabilty with molten zinc, galvannealing kinetics and crater has been investigated in interstitial-free high strength steel(IFHSS) containing Si and Mn. When the Si/Mn ratio was below 0.75, IF-HSS exhibited a good wettability leading to a good galvannealed coating quality after annealing at $800^{\circ}C$ for 40s in $15%H_2-N_2$ mixed gas with dew point $-60^{\circ}C$. In contrast, the wettability and galvannealed coating quality were deteriorated in the Si/ Mn ratio above 0.75. It is shown that they have relevance to oxides forms by selective oxidation on the steel surface. The oxide particles dispersed on the steel surface with a surface coverage of below 40% resulted in good wettability and galvannealed coating quality. The oxide particle is mainly consisted of $Mn_2SiO_4$ with low contact angle in molten zinc. On the other hand, the continuous oxide layer on the steel surface, such as network- and film-type,caused to poor wettability and galvannealed coating quality. The coverage of oxide layer was above 80%, and its chemical species was $SiO_2$ with high contact angle in molten zinc. Consequently, the Si/Mn alloy ratio played an importance role in galvannealed coating quality of IF-HSS.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2024

High-Manganese (Mn) austenitic steel, with over 24 wt% Mn content, offers outstanding mechanical properties in cryogenic settings, making it a potential replacement for existing cryogenic materials. This high manganese steel exhibits high strength, ductility, and wear resistance, making it promising for applications like LNG tanks, flanges, and valves. To operate in cryogenic environments, hot forging and heat treatment processes are vital, especially in flange production. The cooling rate during high-temperature cooling after hot forging plays a critical role in influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties of high manganese steel. The rate at which cooling occurs during this process influences the size of the grains and the distribution of manganese and consequently has an impact on mechanical properties. This study assessed the microstructure and mechanical properties based on different cooling rates during the hot forging of High-Mn steel flanges. Comparing air and water cooling after hot forging, followed by heat treatment, revealed notable differences in grain size. These differences directly impacted mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and Charpy impact property. Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing the performance and reliability of High-Mn steel in cryogenic applications.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.89-93
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• 2002

A study of noticeable improvement in welding speed in thin-plate Type 304 stainless steels gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding was investigated. The welding speeds were increased to more than 3m/min, up to 8m/min. During the welding, Direct Current Straight Polarity (DCSP) and pulsed current GTA welding processes were carried out, respectively. The appropriate high speed welding parameters were established while achieving a high quality weld. After this, Erichsen test and tensile test were performed. The results obtained wert summarized as following: ultra high speed welding for thin-plate Type 304 could be satisfactorily welded with high speed from 3m/min to 8m/min in both DCSP and pulsed GTA welding; Increasing welding speed was found to decrease the ductility, tensile strength md elongation of welded joint; The optimal frequency would be 200Hz-500Hz for high speed welding in pulsed current welding; DCSP welding could obtain the better results of Erichsen test and tensile test than those of pulsed current welding obtained.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength and corrosion resistance of coated reinforcing bar using hybrid-type polymer cement slurry(PCS). PCS coated steels, which is made from two types of polymer dispersions such as St/BA and EVA are prepared, and tested for bond strength and various corrosion resistances such as autoclaved cure, carbonation and H2SO4 solution. From the test results, the bond strength of PCS coated reinforcing bar using ordinary portland cement at 1-5, 2-1 and 4-5 of mixes is higher than that of uncoated regular steel. However, bond strength of almost PCS coated reinforcing bars using ultra rapid high strength cement is higher than that of epoxy coated bar, is also in ranges of 102% to 123% compared to that of uncoated regular steel. In autoclaved accelerating test, the ratio of corrosion of uncoated regular steel is increased with the increase in NaCl content, but the corrosion of PCS coated steel was very small. In the acceleration test for carbonation, increasing the amount of NaCl the corrosion of coated steel did not produce. The corrosion of uncoated regular steel is increased with the increase in the amount of NaCl. It can be seen that the NaCl following the acceleration test for carbonation can lower the corrosion resistance of concrete. As a result, the corrosion of steel largely is affected by the acceleration curing, chloride ion penetration and carbonation and shown more severe corrosion by applying complex factors. These corrosions of steel can be suppressed by the coating of PCS.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

In this study, we investigate the mechanical properties of high manganese steel, and the friction and wear characteristics of brake friction material containing this steel, for passenger car application, with the aim of replacing copper and copper alloys whose usage is expected to be restricted in the future. These steels are prepared using a vacuum induction melting furnace to produce binary and ternary alloys. The hardness and tensile strength of the high manganese steel decrease and the elongation increases with increase in manganese content. This material exhibits high values of hardness, tensile strength, and elongation; these properties are similar to those of 7-3 brass used in conventional friction materials. We fabricate high manganese steel fibers to prepare test pad specimens, and evaluate the friction and wear characteristics by simulating various braking conditions using a 1/5 scale dynamometer. The brake pad material is found to have excellent friction stability in comparison with conventional friction materials that use 7-3 brass fibers; particularly, the friction stability at high temperature is significantly improved. Additionally, we evaluate the wear using a wear test method that simulates the braking conditions in Europe. It is found that the amount of wear of the brake pad is the same as that in the case of the conventional friction material, and that the amount of wear of the cast iron disc is reduced by approximately 10. The high manganese steel is expected to be useful in the development of eco-friendly, copper-free friction material.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 PHC(Pretensioned spun High strength Concrete)파일에 CT형강을 합성시킨 합성형 벽체파일을 실물 크기로 4개 제작한 후 휨 실험을 수행하여 합성형 벽체파일의 극한 강도와 합성작용 등의 구조 성능을 분석하였다. 합성형 벽체파일은 천공홀이 설치된 CT형강의 복부가 perfobond rib 전단연결재 역할을 하여 콘크리트와 CT형강을 합성시킨 구조물로써 CT형강의 플랜지를 이용하여 벽체파일과 버팀보 또는 상 하부 슬래브의 연결이 가능하므로 기능성과 구조적 성능이 동시에 향상된 구조이다. 모든 실험체의 파괴모드는 휨 파괴였으며, 극한강도는 설계기준에 따라 계산된 목표 설계값보다 큰 것으로 분석되어 개발된 합성형 벽체파일은 충분한 강도를 확보한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 천공홀을 갖는 CT형강의 복부는 perfobond rib 전단연결재 역할을 적절히 수행할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2016

Galvannealed(GA) steels are now generally used in car body manufacturing for corrosion resistance. In this study, the weldability and joint mechanical behavior of a newly developed 1.2GPa grade GA ultra high strength TRIP(transformation induced plasticity) steel was investigated for three joining processes, such as adhesive bonding, resistance spot welding and weldbonding. Under both shear and peel stress conditions, the failure mode of the adhesive joints were the mixture of the adhesive cohesive failure, adhesive interface failure and coating layer failure. It means that the adhesion strength of GA coating onto the base metal was similar to that of adhesive bonding onto the GA coating. Under the shear stress condition, the weldbonding exerted to expand the optimal spot welding condition of 1.2GPa GA TRIP steel because the strength of adhesive bond overwhelmed that of the resistance spot weld. Under the peel stress condition, the weldbonding also exerted to expand the optimal spot welding condition of 1.2GPa GA TRIP steel by inducing the tear fracture mode rather than the partial plug fracture mode.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2015

차량 경량화가 진행되고 있는 요즈음 상용차의 프레임이나 데크를 일반강에서 고장력강으로 대체하고 있는 상황이다. 일반강의 용접부 내구 특성에 대한 연구는 지금까지 많이 이루어졌으나 고장력강 용접부에 대한 연구는 거의 진행되지 않았다. 본 연구에선 첫째, 상용차량에 적합한 용접부 내구를 예측 기법을 찾기 위해 다수의 접근법을 검토해 보았으며 노치계수 접근법인 Radaj 방법을 선택하였다. 둘째, 오버랩 조인트와 T 조인트 용접시편을 이용한 내구시험을 통해서 F-N 선도를 얻었으며, 이 값을 활용하여 HARDOX, ATOS60 재질에 대한 S-N 선도를 추출할 수 있었다. 셋째, 노치계수 접근법을 사용하여 시편 시험으로 얻어진 F-N 선도를 활용하여 고장력강 용접부의 일반적인 S-N 선도를 구할 수 있었다. 넷째, 연구를 통해 얻어진 고장력강 용접부의 내구특성을 상용내구해석 프로그램에 적용하였다. 마지막으로 해석사례를 통해 시험과 해석결과를 비교하였으며, 신뢰할만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2012

자동차 부품의 경량화를 위해서 초고강도강의 사용이 확대됨에 따라 판재성형 공정에서 초고강도 강판의 스프링백 제어의 중요성이 점차로 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초고강도 소재를 사용한 U 형채널 부품의 성형을 위해서 사용되는 다단공정에서 공정 변수들이 스프링백에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 해석을 위해서는 유한요소법이 사용되었으며, 주요 공정 변수는 공정수, 금형 각도, 금형 반경, 펀치성형방향이다. 단공정에 비해서 다단공정이 스프링백을 아주 효과적으로 제어할 수 있었으며, 금형반경과 펀치성형방향의 각도가 작을수록 스프링백 제어에 효과적이었다. 그러나 금형 각도의 영향은 크지 않았다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2005

For the good combination of high-temperature strength, toughness and creep property, $9-12\%$ chromium steels are often used for gas turbine compressors, steam turbine rotors, blade and casing. In this study, the correlation of microstructural evolution and mechanical properties was investigated fur the specimens heat-treated at 600, 650 and $700^{\circ}C$ for 1000, 3000 and 5000 hrs. The microstructure of as-received specimen was tempered martensite with a high dislocation density, small sub-grains and fine secondary phase such as $M_23C_6$. Aging for long-time at high temperature caused the growth of martensite lath and the decrease of dislocation density resulting in the decrease in strength. However, the evolution of secondary phases had influence on hardness, yield strength and impact property. In the group A specimen aged at $600^{\circ}C\;and\;650^{\circ}C$, Laves phase was observed. The Laves phase caused the increase of the hardness and the decrease of the impact property. In addition, the abrupt growth of secondary phases caused decrease of the impact property in both A and B group specimens.