• Title/Summary/Keyword: High potassium

검색결과 1,093건 처리시간 0.03초

Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Oxalate Content in Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum)

  • Rahman, M.M.;Ishii, Y.;Niimi, M.;Kawamura, O.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.719-723
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    • 2010
  • Ingestion of forage containing a large quantity of soluble oxalate can result in calcium deficiency and even death of livestock. Fertilization is one of the most practical and effective ways to improve yield and nutritional quality of forage. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization (150, 300 and 600 kg/ha) across varying levels (150, 300 and 600 kg/ha) of potassium (K) on oxalate accumulation in napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum). Application of N at 300 kg/ha produced higher dry matter yield than at 150 or 600 kg/ha, while K fertilization had no effect on yield. In general, N fertilization did not affect the soluble and total oxalate contents, but slightly affected the insoluble oxalate content. Soluble oxalate content showed an increasing trend and insoluble oxalate content showed a decreasing trend with increasing K level, but total oxalate content remained relatively constant. There were significant interactions between N and K fertilization for the content of soluble and insoluble oxalate fractions. The greatest increase in soluble oxalate content with N level at 300 kg/ha was found at the high level (600 kg/ha) of K application. The greatest increase in insoluble oxalate content with N level at 600 kg/ha was found at the low level (150 kg/ha) of K application. These results indicated the possibility of controlling the content of soluble and insoluble oxalate fractions in forage by fertilization.

Ryanodine Receptor-mediated Calcium Release Regulates Neuronal Excitability in Rat Spinal Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

  • Park, Areum;Chun, Sang Woo
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2015
  • Nitric Oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in the nociceptive process. Our previous study suggested that high concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, induce a membrane hyperpolarization and outward current through large conductances calcium-activated potassium ($BK_{ca}$) channels in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons. In this study, patch clamp recording in spinal slices was used to investigate the sources of $Ca^{2+}$ that induces $Ca^{2+}$-activated potassium currents. Application of SNP induced a membrane hyperpolarization, which was significantly inhibited by hemoglobin and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl) -4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (c-PTIO), NO scavengers. SNP-induced hyperpolarization was decreased in the presence of charybdotoxin, a selective $BK_{Ca}$ channel blocker. In addition, SNP-induced response was significantly blocked by pretreatment of thapsigargin which can remove $Ca^{2+}$ in endoplasmic reticulum, and decreased by pretreatment of dentrolene, a ryanodine receptors (RyR) blocker. These data suggested that NO induces a membrane hyperpolarization through $BK_{ca}$ channels, which are activated by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase via activation of RyR of $Ca^{2+}$ stores.

Effect of Microbial Fertilizers on Yield of Young Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)

  • 김경제;김수정
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.103-117
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    • 2001
  • This study was inducted to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers on the fields of young radish(Raphanus sativus L.), chemical components of plant and soil, and the microbial floras. Six microbial fertilizers, MPK+Husk+Palma, Husk+Palma, MPK+Compost, Compost, BIO Livestock Clean System(BLCS) cattle dropping, and Tomi were used. The yields of young radish were increased in six microbial fertilizer treatments. The fresh matter weight, the number of leaves, and the dry matter weight of young radish in BLCS cattle dropping treatment, the leaf length in MPK+Husk+Palma treatment, the sugar content in Husk+Palma treatment, arid the leaf width in Tomi treatment showed the highest amount, respectively. The effects of microbial fertilizers on chemical characteristics of young radish and soil were examined. Phosphoric acid amount of young radish in Tomi treatment was much higher than other treatments. Potassium amount of young radish showed high significance in all microbial fertilizer treatments compared with control, and shoved the highest in Compost treatment . Two components, phosphoric acid find potassium, in soil inoculated by microbial fertilizers showed significant. Phosphoric acid in the Tomi treatment and Potassium in Husk+Palma treatment were increased. The microorganic populations in soil inoculated with microbial fertilizers were examined. While the number of Bacillus in ceil was increased in MPK+Husk+Palma treatment, the numbers of total bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were increased in Tomi treatment.

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열/수분노화로 인한 Ti 금속 기반의 파이로 물질의 점화 성능 변화와 노화 모델 제시 (Investigation of Thermal/hygrothermal Aging Effects on the Ignition Characteristics of Ti Metal-based Pyrotechnics and Construction of the Aging Models)

  • 오주영;여재익
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.26-41
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    • 2021
  • Titanium hydride potassium perchlorate (THPP)는 일반적으로 널리 사용되는 착화제로 추진 시스템에서 중요한 역할을 수행해오고 있지만, '노화'라는 현상으로 인하여 THPP의 요구 성능 변화, 심지어는 system failure가 초래될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 상대습도 조건에서 노화된 THPP의 열역학적 특성 및 성능, 점화 특성 변화를 상세한 열분석과 점화 실험을 통해 밝혔다. 그리고 형태학적 분석과 조성 변화를 통해 노화에 따른 THPP의 물리·화학적인 변화 또한 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 열노화는 산화제 분해로 인하여 활성화 에너지 감소/반응성 증가로 이어지고 수분노화는 연료 산화로 인하여 활성화 에너지 증가/반응성 감소와 같은 경로를 따름을 최종적으로 확인해볼 수 있었다.

Antibacterial Effect of Eucalyptus Oil, Tea Tree Oil, Grapefruit Seed Extract, Potassium Sorbate, and Lactic Acid for the development of Feminine Cleansers

  • Yuk, Young Sam
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.82-92
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: It has been reported that the diversity and abundance of microbes in the vagina decrease due to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the high recurrence rate of female vaginitis due to this suggests that a new treatment is needed. Methods: In the experiment, we detected that 10% potassium sorbate solution, 1% eucalyptus oil solution, 1% tea tree oil solution, 400 µL/10 mL grapefruit seed extract solution, 100% lactic acid, 10% acetic acid solution, and 10% lactic acid solution were prepared and used. After adjusting the pH to 4, 5, and 6 with lactic acid and acetic acid in the mixed culture medium, each bacterium was inoculated into the medium and incubated for 72 h at 35℃. Incubate and 0 h each. 24 h. 48 h. The number of bacteria was measured after 72 h. Results: In the mixed culture test between lactic acid bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria showed good results at pH 5-5.5. Potassium sorbate, which has varying antibacterial activity based on the pH, killed pathogenic bacteria and allowed lactic acid bacteria to survive at pH 5.5. Conclusion: The formulation ratio obtained through this study could be used for the development of a feminine cleanser that can be used as a substitute for antibacterial agents. Further, the findings of this study may be able to solve the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the future.

무용매 , 무유화제 공정에 의한 메틸프룩토시드 올레산 폴리에스테르의 합성 (Solvent-free, Soap-free Synthesis Process of Methyl Fructoside Oleic Acid Polyester)

  • 허주형;김종태;김해성
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 1998
  • Methyl fructoside oleic acid polyester(MFPE), fructose-based sugar polyester, was synthesized by solvent-free, soap-free transesterification of methyl oleate with methyl fructoside(MF) as a sugar starting material in the presence of conventional potassium carbonate basic catalyst. Methyl fructoside was found to be an effective sugar starting material, because of its low softning point, high heat stability, high miscibility, and high reactivity than other sugars. Yield 98% of purified MFPE based on initial weight of MF was obtained at 1:5 of the molar ratio of methyl fructoside to methyl oleate, 2%(w/w) of potassium carbonate catalyst content, 20${\sim}$200mmHg of reduced pressure and $180^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature. MFPE structure was confirmed by infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Physical properties of methyl of fructoside oleic acid polyester such as viscosity, HLB, solubility, color, refractive index, specific gravity, and density were similar to physical properties of sucrose polyesters(SPE) and vegetable oils. Then, it was elucidated that MFPE was sufficient to replace the SPE and conventional oils.

건미역의 수침에 따른 흡수율과 보수율, 색도 및 무기성분의 함량 변화 (Changes in Water Absorption, Water-holding Capacity, Chromaticity and Mineral Contents of Dried Sea Mustards on Soaking)

  • 한재숙;이연정;이신정
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.209-218
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to examine the water absorption, water-holding capacity, color and mineral contents in natural and cultured dried sea mustards on soaking treatment. Four dried samples of natural and cultured sea mustards were used for the experiments. The effects of soaking treatment on water absorption and water-holding capacity in sea mustards were examined, as the results, these were rapidly accelerated 5 minutes after soaking. It showed that water-holding capacity was significantly high in the case of high absorption of water by soaking. The L, a and b values were increased until 30 minutes after soaking. There was significant difference for potassium content between dried natural and dried cultured sea mustards and the natural sea mustard was 10 times as high as the cultured sample. All mineral elements in these materials were significantly decreased and especially, potassium were significantly more decreased at 50~80% of total content by soaking treatment. Ca/ P ratio in these materials by soaking was about 2~3 : 1 levels.

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IMPACT OF FOURWING SALTBUSH ON FEED AND WATER INTAKE AND ON BLOOD SERUM PROFILE IN SHEEP

  • Rasool, E.;Rafique, S.;Haq, I.U.;Khan, A.G.;Thomson, E.F.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.123-126
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    • 1996
  • Sixteen Harnai males were used to evaluate the influence of varying levels of fourwing saltbush hay on feed and water intakes as well as the blood serum mineral status in a completely randomized design. The animals were grouped randomly into four, with four animals in each. The four groups were randomly allotted low, medium, high and very high levels of saltbush hay supplementation in addition to wheat straw. The animals were given fresh water at free of choice. Weekly body weight was recorded for each individual animal. Blood serum was collected for mineral contents. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. The inclusion of saltbush leaves in the diet showed a non-significant effect on the total dry matter intake. There has been a significant increase in the water intake when very high levels of saltbush were included in the ration. Lower levels showed no effect on the water intake. The animals maintained their body weight from week 1 to week 8. No treatment by weeks interactions on the potassium and sodium levels were detected. However higher levels of saltbush increased significantly the potassium and sodium contents in the serum. Calcium contents were significantly(p<0.01) lowered with the inclusion of saltbush leaves in the diet. Whereas Phosphorous contents showed an increasing(p<0.05) trend with the higher levels of saltbush. No clinical or sub-clinical toxicological symptoms were observed in the sheep with the higher mineral contents.

혈액투석 환자의 일상식품군 섭취량에 따른 혈청 인, 칼륨 농도의 상관성 분석 (Association of food intake with serum levels of phosphorus and potassium in hemodialysis patients)

  • 우혜진;이연주;오일환;이창화;이상선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.33-44
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 서울특별시에 소재한 한양대학교병원에서 혈액투석을 시행중인 만성 콩팥병 환자를 대상으로 일상식품군의 섭취량과 혈청 인, 칼륨 농도와의 상관관계를 살펴봄으로써 혈액투석 중의 합병증 예방 및 관리에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 1) 본 연구 대상자는 총 48명 (남: 20명, 여: 28명)으로 평균 혈청 인 농도는 $4.50{\pm}1.52mg/dl$, 평균 혈청 칼륨 농도는 $4.74{\pm}0.73mEq/l$였다. 전체 대상자 중 고인산혈증을 보인 환자는 45.8%, 고칼륨혈증을 보인 환자는 35.4%였다. 2) 식이요법 실천율은 남자가 여자보다 유의하게 높았고, 대상자 중 약물치료만 시행하는 군보다 약물치료에 식이요법을 병행하는 군에서 혈청 인 농도가 유의하게 낮았다. 3) 투석기간에 따른 혈청 칼륨 농도는 5년 미만 투석자보다 5년 이상 투석자에서 유의하게 높았다. 4) 백미를 섭취한 군이 잡곡을 섭취하는 군보다 혈청 인, 칼륨 농도가 유의하게 낮았다. 감자와 고구마의 섭취량이 증가할수록 혈청 칼륨 농도가 유의하게 높았으며, 일주일에 3회를 초과하여 섭취한 군의 경우 혈청 칼륨 농도가 정상범위를 넘어섰다. 5) 생선의 섭취량이 증가할수록 혈청 칼륨 농도가 유의하게 높았으며, 특히 일주일에 3회를 초과하여 섭취한 군의 경우 혈청 칼륨농도가 정상범위를 넘어섰다. 콩자반과 두유의 섭취량이 증가할수록 혈청 인 농도가 유의하게 높았으며, 콩자반의 경우 일주일에 1회 이상, 두유의 경우 일주일에 3회 보다 많이 섭취한 군의 경우 혈청 인 농도가 정상범위를 넘어섰다. 6) 채소의 섭취량이 증가할수록 혈청 칼륨 농도가 유의하게 높았으며, 특히 고칼륨 채소의 섭취가 많을수록 혈청 칼륨 농도가 유의하게 더 높았다. 버섯의 섭취량이 증가할수록 혈청 칼륨 농도가 유의하게 높았으며, 일주일에 3회 보다 많이 섭취한 군의 경우 혈청 칼륨 농도가 정상범위를 넘어섰다. 7) 잡곡과 두유의 섭취는 혈청 인 농도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 투석기간, 잡곡, 감자, 생선, 고칼륨 채소의 섭취는 혈청 칼륨 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 한편 쌀의 섭취는 혈청 칼륨 농도와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통하여 혈액투석 환자들의 식이요법 실천은 혈청 인 농도 조절에 긍정적인 효과가 있었으며, 투석기간이 길어질수록 혈청 칼륨 농도가 높아지는 것으로 보아 지속적인 식이요법이 필수적인 것으로 생각된다. 일상식품군의 섭취와 혈청 인, 칼륨 농도와의 상관관계에서 잡곡의 섭취는 혈청 인, 칼륨 농도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를, 백미의 섭취는 혈청 칼륨 농도와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보여주었다. 이를 통해 잡곡의 섭취를 줄이고 백미를 섭취하는 것이 혈청 인, 칼륨 농도 감소에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 두유의 섭취는 혈청 인 농도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 감자 및 생선의 섭취는 혈청 칼륨 농도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 정상 혈청 인, 칼륨 농도의 유지를 위해서는 이들 식품의 1인 1회 섭취 분량을 하루에 0.5회 이하로 나누어 섭취하되, 일주일에 3회를 초과하여 섭취하지 않을 것을 권장한다. 한편 고칼륨 채소의 섭취는 혈청 칼륨 농도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 다른 채소 섭취에 비해 혈청 칼륨 농도를 정상범위 이상으로 증가시키는 것으로 보아 가급적 섭취를 제한할 것을 권장한다.

Anisakis 형(型) 유충(幼蟲)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Studies on Anisakis Type Larvae)

  • 임정택
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.293-307
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    • 1975
  • As it has been known recently that anisakis type larvae harbouring in marine fishes are a causal agent of zoonosis to human and probably to land living mammal animals, attention was focused on the study on the larvae in an aspect of epidemiology or epizootiology. The present work was conducted from 1966 to 1975 for i) survey on the harbouring status of anisakis type larvae in marine fishes of this country, ii) observation on the response to the experimental infestation of the larvae to the pigs, in the reason that they could well fetid raw fish viscera occasionally containing the larvae as a high protein source of swine food, and iii) observation on the larval resistance and response to vermicidal agents for the purpose of prevention of the larval infection to the mammal animals. The data obtained in the studies were summarized as follows: 1. In the survey on the status of larvae harbouring in main species of marine fishes of this country, 15 species, a total of 1,940 fishes, were observed and the result was summarized in table 2. Average number of larvae, in upper rank of 5 out of all 15 species of fishes, were as highest as 156 larvae ranging 74 to 450 in Pseudosciaena manchurica (chamjogi), 54.5 ranging 15 to 240 in Trichiurus haumela (kalchi), 35.6 ranging 8 to 112 in Trachurus japonica (junggengi), 30.6 ranging 4 to 65 in Parapristipama trilineatum (benjari) and 20.5 ranging 3 to 48 in Nibea argentata (boguchi) respectively. In morphological observation, size of the larvae in the fishes were varied, ranging from 2 to 32mm long, and a tendency to larger size and number of larvae in the fishes, which were wider sea migration, higher age and lager bodily size, was observed The favorite places harbouring the larvae in fishes were mainly around the intraperitoneal viscera such as mesentery, omentum, liver, pyloric suspensory, fat tissue and cloaca, and rarely in body muscles of fish. Fishes heartily infested with the larvae showed stunted growth decreased egg formation and severe damage of liver. 2. In the experimental infestation of the larvae to normal pigs, as illustrated in table 3, a group with large dose of larvae (a total of 1,800 larvae, 300 larvae Per dose, twice in a dart for 3 days) showed acute clinical syndrome terminatine death with a week course, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae (a total of 180~360 larvae, 10 larvae per dose, at 5 days interval for 70~180 days) showed subclinical syndrome with remarkably stunted growth as. much as approximately one half of body size in contest to the control pigs. In the pathological findings, a group with large dose of larvae showed macroscopically larvae penetrating to the gastric wall with severe gastroenteritis, and histopathologically various acute lesions caused by active larvae penetration into the wall of stomach and interstine, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae showed chronic lesions such as hypertrophy and verminous granulomatous swelling of gastric wall, suggesting strongly the possibility of natural infestation of larvae to swine. 3. In the resistance of the larvae to the chemical solutions, the larvae tolerated for 2 days in 15 percent solution of sodium chloride and acetic acid, and for 7 days in 70 percent solution of ethyl alcohol. In the resistance to the temperature, the larvae died within 1 second at $62^{\circ}C$ and tolerated for 24 hours at $-3^{\circ}C$, 12 hours $-5^{\circ}C$ respectively. 4. For the experiment on the vermicidal effect to larvae, general vermicidal drugs such as Neguvon, Combantrin, antimony Potassium, piperazine adipate and piperazine dihydrochloride, oxidizer such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate, and dyes such as gentian violet and crystal violet were used, and among them, as illustrated in table 6, potassium permanganate was proved as the best. In the successive test for the practical use of potassium permanganate, vermicidal effect in seawater solution of potassium permanganate and common-water solution of potassium permanganate were compared, and then retested by dipping the fish viscera including the larvae into the two different solutions of potassium permanganate. The result through these tests indicated that 0.01 percent common water and sea-water solution of potassium permanganate could be apparently recommended as a preventive vermicidal solution, having 90 to 100 percent vermicidal effect by dipping for 12 to 24 hours even though sea-water solution of potassium permanganate had a tendency to slightly less effect than the common-water solution of potassium permanganate (Table 8).

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