• 가정간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the needs for hospital-based home care nursing medical services in elder care institutions by analyzing the details and frequency of medical services provided by, and the needs for, hospital based home care nursing in select institutions in Korea. Methods: Seventy-seven staffs at elderly care institutions located throughout the country completed self-report questionnaires between February 1 and May 31, 2009. SPSS ver. 14.0 was used for data analysis regarding frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results: Forty-eight hospital-based home care nursing medical services in eight domains were identified as being needed in elderly care institutions. The most commonly used medical services were providing instruction in oral drug administration, checking drug beneficial/adverse effects, and administering blood glucose test, while the most needed medical services requiring hospital based home care nursing were complex pressure ulcer care, followed by diabetic foot ulcer management and nutrient injection. Conclusion: The present results should provide fundamental data for better healthcare services with hospital based home care nursing at elderly care institutions as part of a 'win-win' strategy through which medical expenses are reduced, insurance costs are kept stable, and safe and high-quality medical services are provided for residents of elder care institutions. Political decisions intended to promote visits by hospital based home care nurses to elder care institutions would be a prudent course.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2023

This study investigated the effect of water retention characteristics between aged and fresh Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) on the stability of the landfill. A series of transient numerical modeling for the slope of an MSW landfill was performed considering the variation of water retention characteristics due to leachate circulation. Four different scenarios were considered in this analysis depending on how to obtain hydraulic conductivity and the aging degree of materials. Unsaturated hydraulic properties of the MSW used for the modeling were evaluated through modified hanging column tests. Different water retention properties and various landfill conditions, such as subgrade stiffness, leachate injection frequency, and gas and leachate collection system, were considered to investigate the pore water distribution and slope stability. The stability analyses related to the factor of safety showed that unsaturated properties under those varied conditions significantly impacted the slope stability, where the factor of safety decreased, ranging between 9.4 and 22%. The aged materials resulted in a higher factor of safety than fresh materials; however, after 1000 days, the factor of safety decreased by around 10.6% due to pore pressure buildup. The analysis results indicated that using fresh materials yielded higher factor of safety values. The landfill subgrade was found to have a significant impact on the factor of safety, which resulted in an average of 34% lower factor of safety in soft subgrades. The results also revealed that a failed leachate collection system (e.g., clogging) could result in landfill failure (factor of safety < 1) after around 298 days, while the leachate recirculation frequency has no critical impact on stability. In addition, the accumulation of gas pressure within the waste body resulted in factor of safety reductions as high as 24%. It is essential to consider factors related to the unsaturated hydraulic properties in designing a landfill to prevent landfill instability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2007

Purpose: Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data). It is known as RSA which represents respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Previous studies demonstrated a specific breathing pattern(0.1Hz, 6breaths/min) to improve a physiological body condition related to the stress. In this paper, the level of stress would be evaluated in terms of three phases of the dental treatment, combined with 6breaths/min. Methods: These phases include before, during and after tooth extraction or anesthesia or something.36 patients' stresses were assessed using HRV stress analyzer in each phase in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, and Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center from Jun. to Sept. of 2007. HRV 5-min data collected were analyzed in time-domain and frequency-domain to evaluate the activity of autonomic nervous system(ANS) which represents the level of stress. Results: All HRV parameters including HF(high frequency), LF(low frequency) and LF/HF ratio showned a significant change affecting the ANS balance. There was a 6.4% difference between R(LF/HF)s on general breathing pattern for balance of Autonomic nervous system, but on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz, was made narrow till 1.4%. The activity of ANS has increased by 1.4% on general breathing pattern, and by 2.9% on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz. Conclusion: After analysis of preoperative stress changes and effect of breathing pattern of 0.1 Hz on the stress in 36 patients who have undergone third molar extraction, following was concluded. In the preoperative stage, the sympathetic change was the greatest?after the?anesthetic injection, and stress was relieved by controlling the breathing pattern to a frequency of 0.1Hz.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.360-364
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• 2015

Electronic systems based on solid state devices have changed to be more complicated and miniaturized as the electronic systems developed. If the electronic systems are exposed to HPEM (high power electromagnetics), the systems will be destroyed by the coupling effects of electromagnetic waves. Because the HPEM has fast rise time and high voltage of the pulse, the semiconductors are vulnerable to external stress factor such as the coupled electromagnetic pulse. Therefore, we will discuss about malfunction behavior and DFR (destruction failure rate) of the semiconductor caused by amplitude and repetition rate of the pulse. For this experiment, the pulses were injected into the pins of general purpose IC due to the fact that pulse injection test enables the phenomenon after the HPEM is coupled to power cables. These pulses were produced by pulse generator and their characteristics are 2.1 [ns] of pulse width, 1.1 [ns] of pulse rise time and 30, 60, 120 [Hz] of pulse repetition rate. The injected pulses have changed frequency, period and duty ratio of output generated by Timer IC. Also, as the pulse repetition rate increases the breakdown threshold point of the timer IC was reduced.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.167-182
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• 2002

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic pains and factors that affected EA effects. The responses of wide dynamic range (WDR) cells to electrical stimulation of $A{\delta}$ & C afferent fibers were used as an index of pain in rats with chronic pains induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant or peripheral nerve injury. In rats with chronic pains, low (2Hz) and high (100Hz) frequency EA stimulation applied to zusanli caused the inhibition of WDR cell responses in about 60% of rats and the inhibitory actions were dependent on the stimulus strength. EA stimulation also induced an excitation of WDR cell responses in 23.9% of rats and no effect in 15.8% of rats. However, it seemed that in normal rats compared to the rat with chronic pains, the incidence of which EA stimulation caused the excitation or no effect was high. Reversible spinalization almost completely blocked EA-induced inhibitory or excitatory effects. EA stimulation more frequently induced the excitation of WDR cell responses in lightly anesthetized (0.6%) rats and the enhanced responses of WDR cells were inhibited by EA stimulation in the rat anesthetized with 1.5% enflurane. These experimental findings suggest that in rats with chronic pain, EA stimulation inhibited WDR cell responses to slow $A{\delta}$ and C fiber stimulation and EA-induced inhibitory action was under the control of descending inhibitory system and degree of anesthesia.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2009

최근 노인인구의 증가와 평균수명의 연장으로 암 발생빈도가 증가 추세에 있고, 암환자를 위한 방사선 치료가 증가되면서 장해의 인식과 중요성이 널리 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 미량의 선량부터 고 선량의 방사선을 마우스에 조사하여 급성장해로 나타나는 혈액세포의 변화를 비교 실험함으로 조혈기계 장해를 다음과 같이 알 수 있었다. 백혈구는 증감약품에 1.8배의 수치의 증가를 보였고, 방사선 선량에 대해 약2배 정도의 감소를 나타냈다. 적혈구는 증감제 비투여군과 투여군의 선량변화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 50cGy의 선량에서 감소추세로 나타났다. 적혈구의 평균 혈색소량은 증감제 투여군과 비투여군과의 상관관계가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 증감제 투여군의 저선량보다 고선량에서 감소로 나타났다. 혈소판은 증감제 투여군에서 1Gy이하의 선량에서 감소로 나타났으나, 비투여군에서는 고선량에서 혈소판수가 감소로 나타났다. 림프구에서는 증감제 비투여군의 경우 고선량에서 감소로 나타났으나, 증감제 투여군에서는 저선량에서부터 백혈구의 급격한 감소로 나타났다. 따라서 증감제 투여는 혈액 성분의 많은 장해를 초래할 수 있으므로 종양환자 치료 시 조혈기계 장해의 위험성을 고려해야 될 것으로 사료되며, 합리적인 방사선 치료가 이루어질 것으로 판단된다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2003

Purpose: A survey was done on knowledge of pain and pain interventions by clinical nurses in Deagu city and Kyoungbuk province. Method: The participants in this study were 209 nurses who worked in Daegu city, and 190 nurses who worked in Kyoungbuk province. The data were collected from August 5, to September 15, 2002. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program using numbers, percentages, averages and standard deviation with t-test and ANOVA. Result: Out of a total of 30 points on general knowledge of pain, the clinical nurses had a high score of 28, and a low of 10. The average was 18.6 (SD=3.14). Of the participants, 57.9% reported not having had any pain education and 67.9% agreed that education is a necessity. Of pharmacological interventions, Tylenol had the highest score at 3.44 out of a possible 4 points. The most frequent route for giving medication was intramuscular injection (42.6%) and for 62.7%, there was a decision by the physician for routine medication or prn. On reactions after medication, moderate relief had the highest frequency (41.9%), and for side effects after the medication, feeling of nausea was most frequent (70.4%). Of the nonpharmacological approaches to pain relief, ice bag had the highest score with 2.95 out of a possible 4. Judgement to give medication was made by the nurse for 50.1% of the participants and 647% reported a little relief from pain. Conclusion: Based upon the results, continuing education and developing a better education programs (including pain mechanism, pain assessment, pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological interventions) are needed for systematic pain management. Nurses need a high level of knowledge of pain, to be active in pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological interventions.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2006

초음파 서모그라피는 초음파 진동 에너지 여기에 의한 물체의 표면 및 표면 아래에 존재하는 결함부위의 선택적 발열 특성을 적외선 열영상 카메라로 관측하는 것이다. 결함(균열, 박리, 공극 등) 이 존재하는 구조물에 초음파 진동 에너지를 입사시킬 경우 결함 부근에서의 국부적인 발열로 인해 건전 부위와의 급격한 온도차를 드러내는 핫 스폿이 관측된다. 초음파 진동 에너지 여기에 의한 핫 스폿 관측 및 분석을 통해 결함을 진단하는 것이 초음파 서모그라피를 이용한 비파괴 결함 진단 방법이다. 이를 이용한 결함 검출을 위해서는 초음파의 진동에너지를 검사 구조물에 효율적으로 전달하는 것이 중요하다 본 논문에서는 초음파 서모그라피를 이용한 실시간 결함검출에 대해 기술한다. 초음파 진동에너지의 입사 방향에 따른 결함 검출 특성을 평가하기 위해 진동에너지의 전달 방향을 시편과 수직 또는 수평방향으로 각각 입사시켰다. 각각의 입사 방향에 따른 초음파 트랜스듀서 양단에 인가되는 전압을 디지털 오실로스코우프로 계측 비교하였다. 결함 검출에 사용한 시편은 14 mm 두께의 SUS 균열(crack) 시편, PCB 기판(1.8 mm), 인코넬 600 판(1.0 mm) 및 CFRP 판(3.0 mm)의 4종류이다. 4종류의 시편에 대해 280ms 펄스폭의 초음파에너지를 수직 수평으로 각각 입사시켰다. 4종류 모두 수직방향으로 초음파 진동에너지를 입사시켰을 때 수평방향에 비해 전달 손실이 적었다. 복합재료인 PCB, CFRP 판은 수직방향으로 초음파 진동에너지를 입사시켰을 때 수평방향에 비해 결함 위치에서 열이 크게 발생하였으며 선택적 발열 현상도 3배 이상 지속되었다. 금속재료인 인코넬 600판과 SUS 시편은 수평방향이 수직방향보다 핫 스폿이 빨리 관측되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1999

실험동물에 xylene의 반복 투여가 이물질의 대사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐에 m-xylene과 olive oil의 동량혼합액을 체중 100 g당 0.25 ml씩 2일 간격으로 1, 4, 8, 12 및 16회 복강으로 투여한 다음 마지막 투여 24시간 후에 처치하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 요 중 m-methylhippuric acid함량은 m-xylene 4회 투여군의 경우 1회 투여군에 비하여 약 56%의 유의한 증가를 보였으며 이후 12회 투여까지 유사한 결과를 나타내었으나 m-xylene 16회 투여시에는 xylene 1회 투여군 치와 유사한 치로 감소되었다. 그리고 간조직의 microsomal aniline hydroxylase와 alcohol dehydrogenase 활성은 m-xylene 12회 투여시 까지는 대체적으로 점진적인 증가를 보였으나 이후 16회 투여시에는 12회 투여군에 비하여 유의한 감소를 보였다. 또한 aldehyde dehydrogenase 활성은 m-xylene투여 회수에 비례해서 전 실험기간 동안 감소되었으며 특히 16회 투여군에서 본 효소활성의 현저한 감소를 보였다. 한편 본 실험조건에서 투여기간에 따른 전자현미경적 미세구조의 변화는 초기에 활면소포체의 증식이 보이다가 16회 투여군에서는 활면소포체가 감소되고 조면소포체가 증가되었다. 이상 실험결과는 흰쥐에 있어서 xylene투여 회수에 따라서 요 중 m-methylhippuric acid의 농도 변동이 초래되며 이는 효소단백 유도에 따른 xylene 대사효소 활성 변동에 기인된 결과로 생각된다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2020

최근 치과 시술을 위한 국소마취 시 시술자의 피로감을 줄이고 수동 마취기의 단점을 보완한 다양한 전동형 마취액 주입기가 개발되어 임상에서 사용되고 있다. 이러한 전동형 마취액 주입기기에서는 약물 주입을 위한 압력을 정확하고 일정하게 전달하는 것이 매우 중요한 성능 요소이다. 이러한 전달 압력의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 로드셀을 이용한 소형의 압력계가 많이 사용되는데, 로드셀 내부의 탄성체가 충분한 변위를 수용할 수 없는 경우가 있어 압력 성능 평가 시 오차를 발생시킬 수도 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 로드셀 방식의 압력측정기를 이용하여 압력 제어형 압력 인가 장치의 성능을 평가할 때 사용 가능한 비교적 큰 변위 수용이 가능한 실리콘-크롬강(Si-Cr강) 스프링 지그를 제안하였으며 유효성을 평가하였다. 제안된 스프링 지그의 압력 전달률과 상용의 치과용 마취액 주입장치를 이용한 반복 측정 결과, 스프링 지그 사용 시 보다 안정적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 비정상적으로 높게 측정되는 빈도가 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.