• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2012

This paper developed the chassis part as micro-alloyed steel with high toughness. The performance of micro-alloy steels are superior to similar heat treated steels. The strengthening effects of vanadium make micro-alloyed steels particularly suited for high-strength-steel applications. The disadvantages are that ductility and toughness are not as good as quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels. Precipitation hardening increases strength but may contribute to brittleness. Toughness can be improved by reducing carbon content and titanium additions. dispersed titanium nitrides (TiN) formed by titanium additions effectively prevents grain coarsening. Grain refinement increases strength but also improves toughness. For the chassis parts using high toughness micro-alloy steel, it had proven superior to a plain steel forging by static strength test and endurance test.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 1999

The use of steel fiber reinforced to improve the strength and flexural toughness of concrete is well known, but reinforcement of polymer concrete with steel fibers has been hardly reported till now. Polymer concrete has high strength, durability and freeze-thaw resistance than that of cement concrete, but it has disadvantage such as low flexural toughness. In this paper, the strength characteristics and flexural toughness of steel fiber reinforced polymer concrete are investigated experimentally with various steel fiber aspect ratios($\ell$/d), and contents(vol.%). As the result, the flexural and splitting tensile strengths and flexural toughness were increased aspect ratio, and reach the maximums at a aspect ratio of 50. The relationship between the compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength were high. And the relationship between flexural strength and strain energy was approximately linear.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 1989

This study was undertaken to evaluate the allowable welding heat input range for high strength steels manufactured by various processes and to compare the weldability of TMCP steel for high heat input welding with that of conventional Ti-added normalized steel. The allowable welding heat input ranges for conventional 50kg/$mm^2$ steel to guarantee D or E grade of ship structural steel were below 150 and 80kJ/cm respectively. Such a limit in welding heat input was closely related with the formation of undesirable microstructures, such as grain boundary ferrite and ferrite side plate in the coarse grain HAZ. In case of 60 and 80kg/$mm^2$ quenched and tempered steels, for securing toughness in weldments over toughness requirements for base metal, each welding heat input had to be restricted below 60 and 40kJ/cm, that was mainly due to coarsened polygonal ferrite in weld metal and lower temperature transformation products in coarse grain HAZ. The TMCP steel could be appropriate as a grade E ship hull steel up to 200kJ/cm, but the Ti-added normalized steel could be applied only below 130kJ/cm under the same rule. This difference was partly owing to whether uniform and fine intragranular ferrite microstructure was well developed in HAZ or not.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2019

Effects of tensile strength and aspect ratio of steel fiber on compressive and flexural behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) with high- and normal-strength were investigated. Also, this study explores compressive behavior of SFRC with different loading rate. For this purpose, four types of steel fiber were used for SFRC with specified compressive strength of 35 and 60 MPa, respectively. Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 150 mm and height of 300 mm were made for compression test, and prismatic specimens with a $150{\times}150mm$ cross-section and 450 mm span length were made for flexural test. Test results from compression and flexural tests indicated that the toughness of concrete significant increased with steel fibers. Especially, using steel fiber with high tensile strength and aspect ratio can be lead to performance improvement of high-strength SFRC. In this study, equations are suggested to predict compressive toughness ratio of SFRC from flexural toughness ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.30 no.8 s.251
• /
• pp.965-975
• /
• 2006

High pressure turbine blades are one of the key components in fossil power plants operated at high temperature. The blade is usually made of 12Cr steel and its operating temperature is above $500^{\circ}C$. Long term service at this temperature causes material degradation accompanied by changes in microstructures and mechanical properties such as strength and toughness. Quantitative assessment of reduction of strength and toughness due to high temperature material degradation is required for residual life assessment of the blade components. Nondestructive technique is preferred. So far most of the research of this kind was conducted with low alloy steels such as carbon steel, 1.25Cr0.5Mo steel or 2.25Cr1Mo steel. High alloy steel was not investigated. In this study one of the high Cr steel, 12Cr steel, was selected for high temperature material degradation. Electrochemical polarization method was employed to measure degradation. Strength reduction of the 12Cr steel was represented by hardness and toughness reduction was represented by change of transition temperature, FATT. Empirical relationships between the electrochemical polarization parameter and significance of material degradation were established. These relationship can be used for assessing the strength and toughness on the aged high pressure blade components indirectly by using the electrochemical method.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.149-167
• /
• 2013

The complete stress-strain behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete in compression is needed for the analysis and design of structures. An experimental investigation was carried out to generate the complete stress-strain curve of high-performance steel fiber reinforced concrete (HPSFRC) with a strength range of 52-80 MPa. The variation in concrete strength was achieved by varying the water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.40-0.25 and steel fiber content (Vf = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% with l/d = 80 and 55) in terms of fiber reinforcing parameter, at 10% silica fume replacement. The effects of these parameters on the shape of stress-strain curves are presented. Based on the test data, a simple model is proposed to generate the complete stress-strain relationship for HPSFRC. The proposed model has been found to give good correlation with the stress-strain curves generated experimentally. Inclusion of fibers into HPC improved the ductility considerably. Equations to quantify the effect of fibers on compressive strength, strain at peak stress and toughness of concrete in terms of fiber reinforcing index are also proposed, which predicted the test data quite accurately. Compressive strength prediction model was validated with the strength data of earlier researchers with an absolute variation of 2.1%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2000

The production technology of high strength and toughness wear resistance steel involves attempt to application of severe wear parts for the construction machinery. A well balanced alloy content ensures that optimum tensile properties are achieved for the high strength. After high temperature deformation like as rolling or forging it has bainite microstructure and lower yield rato(under 80%) The effectiveness of the research approach is illustrated with experimental results on good steel cleanliness(O2 :12.2 ppm, 0,004% S, 0.008%, P nonmetalic inclusion dT: 0.10) and excellent mechanical properties (TS$\geq$140kgf/mm2 El $\geq$10% IV$\geq$20j/cm2) Therefore this should be wear resistance steel which develops high strength and high toughness without heat treatment

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 1995

Weldability of DS100 and HY type high strength-toughness steel plates, tentatively produced as domestic production, was investigated. DS100 and DS130A had nearly same hardenability in HAZ in spite of its difference in Ceq. Based upon the y-groove test results, cold cracking susceptibility of DS130 was superior to that of DS100 because of its lower hydrogen level in weld metal. Solidification cracking tested by the Trans-Varestraint test was occured in all of the weld metals, and its susceptibility was high in the row of DS100, DS130A and DS130B. However, no liquation cracking and ductility-dip cracking tested by the Longi-Varestraint test with 6.0% augmented strain were detected in base metal and reheated weld metal. Toughness in the GMA welding joint was satisfied with the relative Mill Spec, even though welded joint of DS100 had relatively low impact energy especially at the weld metal.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2008

In this paper, concrete material tests were carried out to investigate influence of steel fiber volumn ratios on variations of workability and strength characteristics of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete, $50MPa{\sim}90MPa$ of compressive strength, according to increase of fiber volume. Test specimens were arranged with six levels of concrete compressive strength and fiber volumn ratios, 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%. The test results showed that steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete($70MPa{\sim}90MPa$, 1.5% fiber volumn ratio) with good workability of slump 20cm could be used practically and effects of steel fiber reinforcement in improvement of concrete strength and toughness characteristics such as splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and diagonal tensioned shear strength, were more distinguished in high-strength concrete than general strength concrete. And the test results indicated that splitting tensile strength of fiber reinforced concrete was proportioned to the product of steel fiber volumn ratios, $V_f(%)$ and sqare root of compressive strength, $\sqrt{f_{ck}}$, and the increasing rate was in contrast with that of flexural strength, and increase of diagonal tensioned shear strength was remarkable at steel fiber volumn ratio, 0.5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 1999.08a
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alloying and rolling condition on the mechanical properties and to develop high strength line pipe steels with good toughness. Tests were carried out by the laboratory experiments followed by mill trials and mass production. It was found that a small addition of microalloying elements, such as Nb, V with Mo or Ti remarkably increased the strength and toughness of hot strips. The optimum condition of thermomechanical rolling on low carbon microalloyed steel improved the toughness through the formation of a fine and uniform microstructure. Based on this mill trials following the fundamental research, the production technology of line pipe steels, grade X70∼X100 with high toughness, has been established. These grade steels exhibit excellent low temperature toughness (vTs= under -80$^{\circ}C$) and sufficient strength in both the base metal and the ERW seam weld position, respectively.