• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.175-194
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• 2004

본 논문은 예상하지 못한 뉴스충격이 유가의 변동성에 미치는 영향이 비대칭임을 밝힘과 더불어 유가의 변동성을 가장 정확히 추정할 수 있는 변동성모형을 결정하는데 연구의 목적을 둔다. 여기에는 GARCH모형, EGARCH모형, AGARCH모형, GJR모형과 같은 네 가지 변동성모형이 이용된다. 변동성모형을 선정하기에 앞서 부호편의검정과 규모편의검정을 통해 모형의 설정오류를 조사한 후, GARCH모형은 비대칭효과를 보이는 AGARCH모형과 GJR모형에 비해 나쁜 뉴스에 대해서는 과소평가를, 좋은 뉴스에 대해서는 과대평가를 하는 경향이 있음을 보인다. 그리고 EGARCH모형은 GARCH모형, GJR모형, AGARCH모형에 비해 좋은 뉴스와 나쁜 뉴스에 대해 조건부 분산을 지나치게 높거나 낮게 평가하며, 특히 나쁜 뉴스에 대해서는 이해하기 어려울 정도로 높게 평가함을 보인다. 또한 AGARCH모형은 GARCH모형보다 나쁜 뉴스를 낮게 평가하며, EGARCH모형은 GARCH모형보다 좋은 뉴스를 높게 평가하기 때문에 유가의 변동성을 설명하는 데 GJR모형이 적합함을 밝힌다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.629-639
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• 2020

The current study explains how corruption, terrorism, political stability and oil price has an effect on on the Iraq stock exchange utilizing corruption perception index as a proxy of corruption, global terrorism index as proxy for terrorism, political stability and oil price with ISX60 index as proxy of stock market for the period (2005-2019) using Ordinary Least Square method. The results show that the level of corruption, terrorism activities and political stability coefficient is significantly positive with Iraq stock exchange. In contrast, the oil price coefficient is significantly negative with Iraq stock exchange, which means that lower levels of corruption, less terrorism activities and more stability in political system have strong influence on stock market development in Iraq. The study concludes that the explanatory variables are important for Iraq stock exchange. Hence, the study suggests the policy makers to develop stock market by implementing policies and strategies to overcome high level of corruption, terrorism activities especially after ISIS/ISIL announcement has been made public. There is a need for transparency and creating stable political environment through good governance practices in order to attract more foreign investment and promote economic development. Factors like terrorism and corruption make economic and political systems unstable and has an adverse effect on on Iraq's stock exchange performance.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1993

Unit price of meal provision in industrial foodservice differs with each business. It is believed that menu management work, contents of menu, and nutrition supply performed by dietitian are different with unit price of meal provision. In this sense, purposes of this study are to examine meal management work and contents of menu, by food cost, at industrial foodservice in Taegu, Kyungbuk area and to evaluate variety of menu and nutrition supply. Results of the study are as follows: 1. Average number of side dishes provided at meal, including Kimchi, was 2 at low unit price, 3.0 at middle unit price and 3.1 at high unit price. 2. Possession ratio of account books using for menu management was low. 3. With regard to kind of menu, high unit price was most various and showed more various, compared to low unit price, especially in cooking oil-used cook methods such as broil, pan-fried food, fry, and roast. 4. High unit price was found as the highest in kind of used food and supply volume. 5. Sugar, Mineral, Vitamine, and Protein were satisfied with standard food content, but fat and calcium were not. 6. Supply volume of food was positively correlated to supply volume of nutrient, but kinds of cook methods and food type were not correlated to that of nutrient.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.959-964
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• 2006

Recently, an international oil price shows fluctuation in 70 dollars per barrel and it is said that this trend is able to continues for much longer. Because energy consumption in buildings accounted for about 25% of the nation's total demand for energy, Energy censervation and efficiency of buildings were very important issues. Main political measures relating to building energy use and saving were 'the system of accrediting green building', 'building energy certification system', 'energy consumption efficiency rating indication system', 'building energy code', 'high efficient energy materials certification system'. This paper presents approaches to improve building energy efficiency policy.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.105-124
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• 2009

The situation of the global food markets has been being rapidly restructured and entering on a new phase by new dynamic and driving forces. The factors such as economic growth and income increase, high energy price, globalization, urbanization, and global climate change are transforming patterns of food consumption, production, and markets. The prices and markets of world food and energy are getting increasingly linked each other. Food and fuel are the global dilemma issues associated with the risk of diverting farmland or of consuming cereals for biofuel production in detriment of the cereals supply to the global food markets. An estimated 100 million tons of grain per year are being redirected from food to fuel. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: Firstly, the study examines situations of the world food and energy resources, analyzes the trends of prices of the crude oil and biofuel, and formulates the food-energy links mechanism. Secondly, the study builds a simulation model, based on system dynamics approach, for not only analyzing the global cereals market and energy market but also forecasting the global production, consumption, and stock of those markets by 2030 in the future. The model of this study consists of four sectors, i.e., world population dynamics sector, global food market dynamics sector, global energy market dynamics sector, scenario sector of world economic growth and oil price.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.653-682
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• 2007

In this study, multi-sectoral partial equilibrium and computable general equilibrium models of Taiwan are used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of energy price increases on overall economies and agro-food sector in Taiwan. The results suggest that agricultural prices, production cost would increase between 0.27% to 1.88%, and a reduction in GDP around 0.39% to 0.54 %. The negative impact on livestock sector is slightly higher than that on the crop sector. Negative impacts are also observed in the employment and wages. The rising oil price has the potential to discourage production of energy-intensive activity because of the possibility of substitution and adaptations. The growth rate of real GDP will shrink by 0.64% to 1.06% and CPI will increase by 1.17% to 1,95%. Both the agriculture and non-agricultural sector also respond by raising output prices by 0.80% to 1.33%. The rising international oil price has urged the government to take policy actions like using alternative fuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and adopting measures to cut down on energy consumptions mainly in transportation sectors in response to public concern over economic shocks.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.281-293
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• 2021

Oil and steel prices, which are major pricescosts in the shipbuilding industry, were predicted. Firstly, the error of the moving average line (N=3-5) was examined, and in all three error analyses, the moving average line (N=3) was small. Secondly, in the linear prediction of data through existing theory, oil prices rise slightly, and steel prices rise sharply, but in reality, linear prediction using existing data was not satisfactory. Thirdly, we identified the limitations of linear prediction methods and confirmed that oil and steel price prediction was somewhat similar to actual moving average line prediction methods. Due to the high volatility of major price flows, large errors were inevitable in the forecast section. Through the time series analysis method at the end of this paper, we were able to achieve not bad results in all analysis items relative to artificial intelligence (Prophet). Predictive data through predictive analysis using eight predictive models are expected to serve as a good research foundation for developing unique tools or establishing evaluation systems in the future. This study compares the basic settings of artificial intelligence programs with the results of core price prediction in the shipbuilding industry through time series prediction theory, and further studies the various hyper-parameters and event effects of Prophet in the future, leaving room for improvement of predictability.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2010

금융위기로 불거진 불경기와 불확실성에서 기인한 국제 유가의 변동은 세계 항공기 시장에도 심각한 영향을 끼쳤다. 항공 수요의 급감과 운영비용의 증가를 가져왔으며, 이에 따라 항공기 수요의 특성과 양에 있어서도 변화가 발생하였다. 2000년대 중반의 경기 회복기조 속에서 항공기 주문과 인도가 급증하였으나, 2009년에는 주문량이 급감하였으며, 신형 항공기의 인도와 항공수요 급감에 따라 중고항공기 및 임대 시장 그리고 MRO 시장도 축소되었다. 이렇게 위축된 항공기 수요는 2009년 하반기 세계 항공물류 및 승객 수송의 회복으로 다시 반등을 보이고 있으며, 향후 수요는 단일 통로기가 광동체기의 수요를 인도할 것으로 보인다. 현재, 시장의 반등이 단기적으로 끝날지 지속적으로 이어질 지에 대해서 확답을 내릴 수는 없으나, 장기적으로는 지속적인 항공기 수요의 증가가 이어질 것으로 예상되며, 이러한 수요는 아시아, 아프리카 등의 신흥시장의 성장에 힘입을 것으로 기대된다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.121-145
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 휘발유, 경유, 항공유를 대상으로 벡터 오차수정모형을 이용하여 원유가와 각 지역 석유제품가격의 상호 인과관계 여부와 지역 간 제품가격의 선행-후행 관계를 확인하였다. 그리고 이를 글로벌 석유 시장의 수급과 교역 흐름, 경쟁 강도와 연결해 해석하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 원유가는 각 지역 휘발유, 경유, 항공유와의 장기 관계에서 약외생성을 보인 반면, 단기 관계에서는 원유가 역시 제품가격에 영향을 받는다는 사실을 확인하였다. 둘째, 유럽 경유 및 항공유 시장과 같이 다른 지역으로부터의 수입에 크게 의존하는 경우, 다른 지역 석유제품과의 장기 관계에서 약외생성을 보인다. 셋째, 글로벌 시장에서 차지하는 수요 비중이 큰 지역일수록 시장에 미치는 영향력이 커지면서 다른 지역 제품가격과의 관계에서 약외생성을 나타낼 가능성이 크다. 그러나 경유, 항공유 시장에서와 같이 수요 비중이 높은 지역이라도 역내 산업집중도가 낮아 경쟁 강도가 세고, 과잉 생산 해소를 위해 다른 지역으로의 수출에 크게 의존할 경우 가격 선도력이 떨어지면서 약외생성이 사라진다. 지역 간 석유제품가격 관계에 대한 본 연구 결과는 석유정제 기업과 상품 트레이딩 기업의 글로벌 석유시장에 대한 이해도를 높여, 관심 대상 지역의 석유제품가격 변화 예측 및 지역별 자산 포트폴리오 구축에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국철도학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2006

Green gas emissions Trading System(ETS) came into effect in the Europe last year 2005. All transport modes have tried to reduce green gas emission and EU member countries are promoting the use of environmental friendly transport mode to avoid economic loss due to green gas emission. Besides ETS, rapidly rising of oil price and peak oil urge to invest more in the environmental friendly public transport mode and to discourage the use of private cars. The operation of KTX is estimated to bring external cost reduction up to 570 bil. won in 2004 based on European external unit costs of transport modes. This result implies that the expansion of high speed rail network and reconsideration of East-West high speed rail network which is not considered because of weak economic validity is required.