• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 1988

This survey was conducted to investigate about purchasing, use and management of cooking oil, and the intake amounts of each food and fats & oils from each food on 296 housewives in a big city, medium and small city, farming village, fishing village, and mountain village from June 5 to July 20 in 1987. The percentage and $x^2$-test were used in data analysis and the arithmetic mean of the gross intake divided by the total subjects gave the intake amounts per capita per day. The results of this study are as following; 1. Purchasing and keeping of cooking oil. The reading ratio of label in purchasing cooking oil was high among housewives of cities and highly educated housewives. There were dissatisfactions about quality (46.7%), price (33.7%), and packing (19.5%) after purchasing cooking oil. Cooking oil was being kept mainly in glasses (64.7%) or in synthetic plastics (31.5%), and also in dark & cool places. 2. Use and refining of cooking oil. More housewives (70.6%) kept cooking oil used once in a different container after filtering. The housewives re-using used oil after adding new oil to it were only 30.0%. There were a lot of housewives frying foods twice or three times in the same oil. 3. Intake of fats & oils and foods containing fats & oils. Average intake amounts of food containing fats & oils per person per day was 6.85g in fats & oils, 42.96g in meat & its products, 95.13g in fishes & shellfishes, 22.89g in eggs, 60.69g in legumes & its products, 61.00g in milk & milk products, 4.22g in seeds & nuts, and 9.36g in instant noodles. Average intake amounts of fats & oils per person per day taken from these foods was 6.4g from fats & oils, 2.3g from meat & its products, 4.3g from fishes & shellfishes, 2.7g from eggs, 3.0g from legumes & its products, 2.5g from milk & milk products, 1.8g from seeds & nuts, and 1.7g from instant noodles.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.390-395
• /
• 2008

Current high oil price and the agreement on global climate change prevention have increased worldwide investment and research on renewable energy. In Korea, development of a rapeseed dryer for bio-diesel production has been started in 2007. Usually, rapeseeds are harvested in early summer, because rice cultivation is followed right after rapeseed harvesting. Early harvest and bad summer results in highly moistured rapeseed and development of artificial drying system is required to dry great amount of rapeseed that couldn't be processed by sun drying alone. The rapeseed dryer was modified from an existing circulation type grain dryer. Modification of the dryer was performed with the aid of CFD simulation. Drying test showed that drying rate of rapeseed was 1.51%/h and germination rate reduction was 4.5%p for the drying temperature of $60^{\circ}C$.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.363-379
• /
• 2014

In an effort to cope with recent high oil price and global warming, developments of air lubricated ships have been pursued to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to save fuel costs by reducing the frictional resistance. In this study, reduction in the frictional resistance by air lubrication with air layers generated on the lower surface of a flat plate was investigated experimentally in the large water tunnel of SSMB. The generated air layers were observed, and changes in the local frictional drag were measured at various flow rates of injected air. The results indicated that air lubrication with air layers might be useful in reducing the frictional resistance at specific conditions of air injection. Accordingly, resistance and self-propulsion tests for a 66K DWT bulk carrier were carried out in the towing tank of SSMB to estimate the expected net power savings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.778-783
• /
• 2012

Due to the increase of oil price, the needs of the reduction of the fuel cost is rising. Therefore, necessity of hybrid vehicle that runs with engine and the electric motor is on the rise. In order to improve the performance of hybrid vehicle, many researches is carried out. Hybrid vehicles have been developed with the various layout such as serial type, parallel type, power split type, and multi-mode type. The multi-mode hybrid vehicles are designed to show the efficient driving characteristics at low speed and high speed. But the multi-mode system have the problem such as frequent clutch engagement. Frequent clutch engagement causes the shock of vehicles, and the shock inhibits the ride comfort. In this study, automation mechanism of clutch operation is proposed to mitigate the shock at engaging clutch. For this purpose, the dynamic characteristics of motor control is numerically analyzed by using Matlab/Simulink.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2008

Three properties of food waste are water 80%, ash 3%, volatile matter 17%. When food waste goes through treatment process such as removal of foreign substances, removal of water as well as sodium, dryness, and pulverization, it transforms into 4,000 Kcal/kg purverized fuel if moisture content is below 13%. Fuel ratio (fixed carbon/volatile matter) of purverized fuel is low compared with bituminuous coal. Ignition temperature measured by thermogravimetry analyzer is about $460^{\circ}C$. Combustion test of purverized fuel have been performed using energy recovery facility which include storage tank of dewatered cake, dryer, hammer mill, combuster including burner, boiler, flue gas treatment equipment. When 160-180 kg/hr of fuel is steadily supplied to burner for 3 hours, combustor temperature reaches about $1000^{\circ}C$ and CO is 77-103 ppm at 1.55 excess air ratio and SOx and Cl are under 2 ppm and 1ppm, respectively. This experiment demonstrate that purverized fuel made from food waste could be an alternative clean energy at the age of high oil price.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2009

Entering in the time of high oil price, seriousness of an energy effect sector has given a huge impact and the importance of energy is growing. Especially, building energy occupying 24% of total demand of energy can be expected to reduce energy demand more than other section. To do this, the Building Energy Rating System is applied and implemented in Apartment houses on Jeju, South and Central region. This system calculates into energy saving rate, and certifies the building energy rating. This study evaluates the energy saving rate and rating and compares the difference in energy savings considering to each region and the thermal performance of the window. In result, the standard of the assessment house which is applied to the build energy rating system is demanded to distinguish the thermal performance of window according to regional variation.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2009

Entering in the time of high oil price, seriousness of an energy effect sector has given a huge impact and the importance of energy is growing. Especially, building energy occupying 24% of total demand of energy can be expected to reduce energy demand more than other section. To do this, the Building Energy Rating System is applied and implemented in Apartment houses on Jeju, South and Central region. This system calculates into energy saving rate, and certifies the building energy rating. This study evaluates the energy saving rate and rating and compares the difference in energy savings considering to each region and the thermal performance of the window. In result, the standard of the assessment house which is applied to the build energy rating system is demanded to distinguish the thermal performance of window according to regional variation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 1984

The cost percentage of engine part in the total building cost of a ship is about 30-40% and the main engine occupies about 50% of the engine part cost. For certain ships the fuel bill can be as high as about 60-70% of the total operating cost after two oil shocks and its amount for one year is nearly equivalent to her main engine price. This fact has further increased the pressure on the engine builders to develop engines of higher efficiency and better possibilities to burn further deteriorated fuel qualities. But the energy-saving plants are ordinarily more expensive and their available amount of exhaust gas energy is less and therefore, they are not always profitable and optimum systems. This paper is prepared to decide the most economical and efficient engine systems by presenting reasonable selecting and economical evaluation methods of the main engine, which is the largest single unit and the most expensive, and its auxiliaries. In order to demonstrate the application of investigated methods in a practical case, a 46, 000 DWT class bulk carrier is selected as a model ship and her main engine and its auxiliaries are selected and evaluated. The result shows that the optimum determined has one year three months POP, 0.903 IRR at a year, 4, 116, 000 dollars PW in 15 years (for 5% escalation rate of fuel cost) and 9.522 BCR for same condition, when the engine plant of a same existing ship is taken as the basis.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2013

Most governments have an interest in unused energy, because of high oil price and climate change. Particularly, it is very important to urban governments which have less renewable energy than other local governments. So Seoul, the capital of Korea, established a plan for the development of unused energy in 2007. But it has some problems related to the feasibility of this plan. So this paper checked and reviewed the economic feasibility of unused energy development cases in four cities by using three sub elements: technology, infrastructure, institution. As a result, it discovered that these urban governments have technological feasibility because they are located near big river or ocean. And they used the existing infrastructure and received the institutional subsidies from central governments in order to increase the economic feasibility of unused energy development projects. In conclusion, local governments of Korea have to try to seek how they can utilize the existing infrastructure for unused energy development in the situation that there are few institutional supports from the central government.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2012

Renewable energy has been interested because of fluctuation of oil price, depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental impact. Amongst renewable energy resources, hydropower is most reliable and cost effective way. In this study, to develop a new type of micro hydro turbine which can be operated in the range of very low specific speed, a cross-flow hydro turbine with simple structure is proposed. The turbine is designed to be used at the very low specific speed range of hydropower resources, such as very high-head and considerably small-flow rate water resources. CFD analysis on the performance and internal flow characteristics of the turbine is conducted to obtain a practical data for the new design method of the turbine. Results show that optimized arrangement of guide vane angle and inner guide angle can give contribution to the turbine performance improvement.