• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.24-37
• /
• 2008

Yeast with excellent ferment ability was isolated and selected from wild grape to manufacture wild grape wine. Wild grape wine by SMR-3 isolated from wild grape was better than other strains in quality, such as high alcohol content and low acidity, residual sugar, organic acid and fusel oil content. Fermentation condition was optimized to manufacture wild grape wine with response surface methodology using isolated SMR-3 as an alcohol fermentation strain. As a result of culture conditions, 10.61% of alcohol content was expected under the conditions of $21.91^{\circ}C$ fermenting temperature, $21.48^{\circ}brix$ of initial sugar content, and 14.65 day of fermentation time. Residual sugar content showed the lowest value at $24.48^{\circ}C$ fermentation temperature, $12.78^{\circ}brix$ of initial sugar content, and 9.02 day fermentation time. The highest level of sensory evaluation was found at $20.23^{\circ}C$ fermentation temperature, $25.30^{\circ}brix$ of initial sugar content, and 5.94 day fermentation time. Ethyl alcohol was the main alcohol component in wild grape wine and fusel oil in wild grape wine was hardly detected; thus, the quality of wild grape wine was considered excellent. The optimal fermentation conditions of wild grape wine was superimposed by deriving a regression equation for alcohol content, fusel oil, ethyl alcohol content, and overall palatability for each variable of wild grape wine. Hence, the optimal fermentation conditions are estimated to be: fermentation temperature $24{\sim}28^{\circ}C$, initial sugar content $20{\sim}24^{\circ}brix$, and fermenting time $12{\sim}14$ days.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.604-611
• /
• 2020

This study was undertaken is to improve the working conditions by improving the job satisfaction of clinical research nurses and clinical nurses involved in and conducting clinical trials. The survey was conducted from November 6 to December 6, 2017 for 100 nurses working in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The accumulated data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability verification, and t-test using the SPSS program. Our results reveal that job satisfaction was higher for clinical nurses (2.94 ± 0.609 points) as compared to clinical research nurses (2.89 ± 0.620 points). Also, the satisfaction level of salary received was higher amongst the clinical nurses than the clinical research nurses. Furthermore, although career decision was relatively lower for the clinical nurse than the clinical research nurse, the importance of job performance and job stability ranked high. Considering importance of the role of clinical research nurses in clinical trials, it is necessary to enhance their job satisfaction by improving the clinical trial environment such as appropriate treatment and professional role, and the working environment including remuneration, professional status, and administrative work to establish their jobs.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.85-101
• /
• 2002

Landscape civilization in Korea originated in Cochosun(Ancient Chosun) era, this again succeeding to the period of the Three States - Koguryo, Baekje and Silla. The distribution of this culture showed great progress with the association of two particular religions - Buddhism and Confucianism.. Landscape development in Korea has greatly changed during specific times of both cultural and political upheaval in various societies. Religion has had a great deal of influence on landscape development. Traditionally Korean people have had a tendency to favor more natural landscape than man-made structures in landscape : This trend was a quite different concept from that of other oriental countries, not to mention of western countries. In particular, Buddhism influenced natural landscape, far from artificial craftsmanship in landscape. Oriental garden is a typical 'tabloid edition' of natural landscape which consists lakes, islands, ponds, stone monuments, and fruit trees, quite often raising animal in parks and courtyard style house. This style of garden influenced in Chosun Dynasty landscape. Landscaping was usually for royal gardens, cemetery parks or high level of officer's residence. However, landscaping in Chosun Dynasty which had established Confucianism as a state religion gave us a specific designation. It was neither ethnic imitation of the garden style of both China and Japan : People were used to enjoy nature-friendly landscape or sink into the ecstasy of natural scenery itself. The trend that landscape or establishing garden had been aimed at royal family- or bureaucrat-centered formatives was to become an obstacle to the development of landscape techniques in Korea. An example represented in a beautiful garden with fabulous decoration which established in places. This was completely not fit for the nation's feeling.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.48
• /
• pp.391-417
• /
• 2017

Southeast Asian languages are famous for having a large number of vowel sounds with an average of more than 20 vowel sounds in this certain language family. In addition, there are approximately 1,500 languages in this area, which accounts for approximately 20% of total languages in the world. For this reason, vowel systems of Southeast Asian languages should be explored to determine the nature of vowel structures of human natural languages. In this study, we analyze vowel systems of three languages, Tagalog, Malay and Thai, that have only primary or normal vowels and thus are relatively simple structures based on descriptive and analytic universals. We would also like to confirm if the six criteria of the tentative evaluation model taken from several previous literature is appropriate in applying analysis of vowel system universals under the method of the Greenbergian Universals or statistic universals. What we have found from this research are (i) the three languages have high level of universals with some exceptional cases such as three-vowel system of Tagalog, and (ii) some of the six criteria, together with some cases of analytic universals, are not quite suitable for understanding language-specific universals that are different from other languages.

• Review of Culture and Economy
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.3-33
• /
• 2017

The present study analyzed movie consumption behavior from the perspective of transaction cost, taking into account the possible incurrence of additional costs in the process of consumers obtaining movie information to choose movies. Regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed in the analysis by taking movie information and the individuals' social demographic characteristics as independent variables and the number and frequency of movies watched as dependent variables, using information from the "2015 movie consumer survey." The results showed that consumers considering elements such as "directors" and "online reviews" were found to be more active in movie consumption. The analysis of movie-watching frequency showed that the information considered when choosing a movie was different for high- and low-frequency movie viewers. Putting these factors together suggests that movie consumption can vary according to an individual's cultural capital, preferences, and their degree of movie information awareness. While existing studies have mostly analyzed the determinants of box office performance, the significance of the present study is its empirical analysis of individual movie information in terms of transaction cost. Based on the results above, it can be inferred that the cyclical structure of trading expenses influences movie consumption and, once preferences are formed through a certain level of consumption, the trading cost expenses decrease, which results in increasing consumption. Therefore, film makers need to establish and execute marketing strategies that appropriately use movie information so that consumers can reduce the trading costs necessary for movie watching.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.42
• /
• pp.261-283
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study is to consider the possibility of learning polite expressions of English using the mobile application Naver Band. To improve communicative competence, students need to develop sociolinguistic competence as well as grammatical and discourse competence. To be accordant to social context, the roles of the participants, and the purpose of the interaction, students have to make an appropriate utterance. When a hearer has a higher social status and is older than a speaker, or have low levels of familiarity, Korean native speaker tends to use polite expressions. Students need to learn polite expressions of English because English has a different honorific system from Korean. To realize the characteristics and function of polite language is one thing, but to learn it in a real classroom is another. This study attempts to apply the use of a mobile application, which is considered a user-friendly tool for students, into learning polite language using the UK historical drama, Downton Abbey. Two tests were administered to an experimental group that used the mobile application and a control group that used group work. The results of the two tests show that the use of the mobile application has a positive effect on learning polite expressions and is effective as an after-school activity. In an open-ended questionnaire, students tend to identify polite expressions as superior or high-level language forms and separate these forms from practical expressions. It should be noted as well that teachers need to consider instructing in modern English when using a historical drama in the teaching and learning of polite expressions.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 2011

Rice wild relatives have been recognized as reservoirs of genetic reinforcements to improve cultivating rice against biotic and abiotic stresses. A wild relative, Oryza. minuta(BBCC; Acc. 101141), was hybridized with a Korean Japonica cultivar, 'Hwaseong'(AA), followed by ovule culture and several times of back crossings to overcome high level of sterility. During evaluation of the introgression lines, breeding line exhibited resistance to bacterial blight with reasonable agronomic performances, and nominated as an elite breeding line, the 'Suweon497'. A mapping population, to dissect genetic basis of the resistance, was constructed by using $F_2$ progenies of the 'Suweon497' ${\times}$ 'Milyang23'. Association analysis between SSR marker genotypes and pathogenisity levels of each $F_2$ progeny revealed the end terminal region of rice chromosome 11 as the nesting place for the wild rice derived bacterial blight resistance gene, where at least four other genes, Xa3, Xa4, Xa26 and Xa31, have been reported.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2019

With the transition to the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, movements of overall change, including technology, society and culture, are becoming increasingly diverse. Among these, even the manufacturing industry, which can be regarded as Korea's leading core industry, is also seeing great changes centered on smart factories. Expert analyses and corporate opinions suggest that smart factories are needed to be competitive in the manufacturing sector. In this study, the impact of small and medium manufacturers' awareness regarding smart factories was analyzed through a survey. The results showed that the need for smart plant construction and the degree of awareness regarding this was very high. In a survey of the planned or implemented level, more companies were expected to deploy, implement, and reduce instruments than those that did not have a plan to build smart factories. The main difficulties involved in deployment were funding problems and the results of the preliminary review phase were derived in order to successfully build a smart factory. Therefore, financial support was most needed to build smart factories, and a need to upgrade the support amount, match it with suppliers for a preliminary review and expand consulting was found.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 2018

A strawberry variety 'Arihyang' was derived as an artificial cross between 'Tochiotome' and 'Seolhyang' in 2014. The seedling and line selections were conducted from 2014 to 2015. Preliminary and advanced yield trials of '14-5-5,' which was the final selected line, were conducted from 2015 to 2017. 'Arihyang' is suitable for forced cultivation and has strong plant vigor, uniformly large-sized fruit, and a high yield compared to those of the check variety, 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang.' Especially, vitamin C was at a significant level, which was approximately 15% higher than that of 'Seolhyang.' The average number of flowers per first flower cluster was 10.5, which could reduce the labor of thinning fruit. Its fruit has a conical shape, dark red color, and glossy skin. The fruit was of good quality but has recommendations for harvest at the fully ripened stage. 'Arihyang' has intermediate resistant to phytophthora crown rot, but is susceptible to powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt. It is reguired to manage major diseases and pests using optimum cultivation techniques and chemical control.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.102-117
• /
• 2021

This study analyzed the learning characteristics of polar education programs operated by polar research institutes in domestic and foreign countries and aims to provide directions for improving domestic polar education programs. Using the database provided by the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 120 programs from 16 research institutes in 9nine countries were selected. Each program was analyzed based on educational level, instructor, education period, learning place, learning environment, learning content, and learning method. Significant differences in domestic and foreign programs in terms of instructors, operational methods, educational places, and learning methods were found. Based on these findings, we discuss the direction for improving domestic polar education by expanding the base of polar education, diversifying the learning methods, and systematizing polar education using examples of actual programs. Based on the scientific, social, economic, and cultural values and importance of the polar region, this study presents specific directions to further spread and sustain polar education and culture in Korea.