• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제22권E1호
• /
• pp.45-48
• /
• 2006

Mass size distributions of atmospheric particles in Cheonan were determined using a high volume air sampler equipped with a 5-stage cascade impactor. Bimodal distributions that are typical for urban atmospheric particles were obtained. A MMD of the fine particle mode was $0.47{\pm}0.05{\mu}m$ with a GSD of $2.72{\pm}0.21$, and those of the coarse particles were $5.15{\pm}0.18{\mu}m\;and\;2.09{\pm}0.09$, respectively. The annual average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 74.1, 67.5, 54.2, and $42.3{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Although the daily PM10 concentrations were under the current National Standard, the daily PM2.5 concentrations frequently exceeded the US Standard even in non asian dust periods. The fractions of PM 10, PM2.5, and PM1 in TSP were $0.905{\pm}0.013,\;0.723{\pm}0.022,\;and\;0.572{\pm}0.029$, respectively, and fine mode particles occupied $57{\sim}72%$ of the total particle mass. The results indicate that fine particles were at the concerning level, and should be the target pollutant for the regional air quality strategy in Cheonan.

• Particle and aerosol research
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2011

High concentration of PM10 was reported on late July, 2005 in Seoul along with high particulate ion concentrations in PM2.5. To identify the reason for the severe air pollution episode, time series analysis of the PM10 concentration in the monitoring sites over Korea, wind sector analysis, trend analysis of the ion concentrations, and air mass trajectory analysis were carried out. It was found that the episode could be classified into two separate periods; first one between July 22 and 27 and second one between July 28 and 31. During the first period, the PM10 concentrations at Seoul were in good correlation with the PM10 concentration three hours before at Chuncheon. Trajectory analysis showed that air mass moved from north and turned to west at Kangwon province to Seoul. The concentrations of PM10 mass and ionic species were lower than the second period. During the second period, air mass moved from northern China to Seoul directly and the PM10 concentrations all over the mid-Korean peninsula showed the same trend. These observations suggest that the air pollution during the second period was affected by direct transport of air pollutants from northern China. Thus, the air quality at Seoul during both periods were influenced by long-range transport from outside rather than by local sources, but with different transport patterns.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1045-1055
• /
• 2017

Characterization of spatio-temporal variations in $PM_{2.5}$ in Gyeongnam (GN) province during 2015-2016 was investigated to assess the air quality in this area in terms of fine particles. Yearly mean concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ ranged from 19.1 to $29.5{\mu}gm^{-3}$. High concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ were observed in spring ($21.2-30.3{\mu}gm^{-3}$) and winter ($20.2-30.3{\mu}gm^{-3}$). Low concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ were generally observed in fall ($16.2-23.2{\mu}gm^{-3}$). $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was highest in the morning (10 AM). The fractions of $PM_{2.5}$ in $PM_{10}$ were 0.51-0.62 and two were significantly correlated (r=0.779-0.830), suggesting common sources (fossil fuel combustion, mobile sources, etc). CO was significantly correlated with $PM_{2.5}$ in highly urbanized areas such as the city of Changwon (CW, r=0.711), compared to other air pollutants ($SO_2$, $NO_2$, and $O_3$), suggesting dominance of industrial combustion sources.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.313-321
• /
• 2017

$PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were collected at the Gosan Site on Jeju Island from 2013 to 2015, and their ionic and elemental species were analyzed to examine the variations in their chemical compositional characteristics related to different meteorological conditions. Concentrations of nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ were respectively 6.5 and 4.7 times higher in the fine particle mode ($PM_{2.5}$) compared to the coarse particle mode ($PM_{10-2.5}$), however $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations were 2.4 times higher in the coarse mode compared to the fine particle mode. During Asian dust days, the concentrations of nss-$Ca^{2+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ increased to 8.2 and 5.0 times higher in $PM_{10}$, and 3.5 and 6.0 times higher in $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. During haze days, the concentrations of secondary pollutants increased by 3.1-4.7 and 3.2-7.9 in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, respectively, and they were, respectively, 1.2-2.1 and 0.9-2.1 times higher on mist days. The aerosols were acidified largely by sulfuric and nitric acids, and neutralized mainly by ammonia in the fine particle mode during the haze days, but neutralized by calcium carbonate in coarse particle mode during the Asian dust days. Clustered back trajectory analysis showed that concentrations of nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ were relatively high when air masses travelled from China.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.196-209
• /
• 2009

Occurrences of sandstorms in the deserts and loess of Mongolia and northern China and associated dustfall episodes in the Korean Peninsula were monitored during the period January through December, 2005. False colour images were made by directly receiving the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, and the distribution and transport of sandstorms were analyzed. The ground concentrations for PM10, PM2.5 and visibility of the dustfall episodes (PM10 concentration over $190{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$) were analyzed at Cheongwon, located midway in South Korea, and in the leeward direction of the place of origin of the sandstorms. Variations in the concentrations of $O_3,\;NO_2$, CO and $SO_2$ were also compared with dust concentrations in the dustfall episodes. Fewer occurrences of strong sandstorms in the place of origin were observed in 2005, due largely to the accumulation of snow and mild fluctuations of high and low pressure systems in the place of origin, thereby accounting for a low frequency of dustfall episodes in Korea, compared with those during the period 1997-2005. A total of 7 dustfall episodes were monitored in Korea in 2005 that lasted 11 days. In summer, sandstorms occurred less frequently in the source region in 2005 due to high humidity and milder winds, thereby causing no dustfall episodes in Korea. In case the sandstorms occurring at the place of source head directly to Korea without passing through large cities and industrial areas of China, the PM2.5 concentrations were measured at 20% or lower than the PM10 concentrations. However, when the sandstorms headed to Korea via the industrial areas of eastern China, where they pick up anthropogenic air pollutants, the PM2.5 concentrations were at least 25% higher of the PM10 concentrations. On the other hand, over 5 cases were observed and analyzed in 2005 where the PM10 concentrations of sand dust originating from the deserts were measured at $190{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ or lower, falling short of the level of a dustfall episode.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 2022

This research investigated the effect of the eruption of Japan Sakurajima volcano on the concentration of ultrafine particle when the north Pacific high pressure exists in the Busan in summer. As a result of analyzing the forward trajectory using the HYSPLIT model, the air parcel from Sakurajima volcano passed through the sea in front of Busan at 1500 LST on July 17, 24 hours after the volcanic eruption. As a result of analyzing the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in the Busan for two days from July 16 to 17, 2018, the Sakurajima eruption in Japan, it can be seen that there was a high increase in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations compared to the previous day. As a result of analyzing the backward trajectory, the air mass that reached Busan at 1300 LST on July 17, 2018 has moved near the Sakurajima volcano at 1,500 m, 2,000 m, and 3,000 m. The concentration of SO₄^2- in PM_2.5, the concentration of all three stations in Busan showed a sharp increase from 1000 LST on July 17th. Looking at the NH₄⁺ concentration in PM_2.5, it shows a very similar variation trend to SO₄^2-, and the correlation coefficient between the two components is 0.96 for Jangrimdong and Yeonsandong, and 0.85 for Busan New Port. Looking at the NO₃^- concentration in PM_2.5, the same high concentrations as SO₄² and NH₄⁺ were not observed in the afternoon of July 17th.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2017

Aerosol mass size distributions were investigated at 865 m high the of Jirisan national park. A nanosampler cascade impactor was used to collect aerosols. The atmospheric aerosol particles had a unimodal mass size distribution, which peaked at $0.5-1.0{\mu}m$, and a mass aerodynamic diameter of $1.13{\mu}m$. The annual average concentrations of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ were $20.9{\mu}g/m^3$, $19.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $14.9{\mu}g/m^3$, $10.7{\mu}g/m^3$, $5.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $1.2{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. TSP concentrations were below $30{\mu}g/m^3$ during the sampling period. On average $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ made up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.77.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.684-691
• /
• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the biochemical factors in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf, stem, and yeonjabang and their effects on serum factor levels in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. The loutus leaf showed $9.47{\pm}0.30%$ moisture content, $8.25{\pm}0.39%$ ash, $21.45{\pm}1.25%$ crude protein, and $2.21{\pm}0.13%$ crude fat content; the lotus stem showed $11.84{\pm}0.43%$ moisture, $10.21{\pm}0.64%$ ash, $17.55{\pm}0.92%$ crude protein, and $4.16{\pm}0.23%$ crude fat content; and the lotus yeonjabang showed $11.86{\pm}0.50%$ moisture, $6.81{\pm}0.51%$ ash, $18.71{\pm}1.02%$ crude protein, and $3.95{\pm}0.15%$ crude fat. Blood triglyceride levels were higher in the HF group ($146.43{\pm}38.81mg/dL$), and lower in the HF+yeonjabang groups ($98.00{\pm}17.18mg/dL$). In particular, blood triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the groups that had 10% dry yeonjabang powder added to the high-fat diet. The inclusion of excessive high-fat diet increased concentrations of serum insulin and leptin. Serum leptin concentrations were highest in the HF group mice ($3.00{\pm}1.35ng/dL$), whereas they were significantly lower in the HF+yeonjabang groups by $1.34{\pm}0.52ng/dL$ (p<0.05). Thus, addition of dry yeonjabang powder to the high-fat diet was more effective in regulating the levels of serum triglycerides and leptin in mice. Additional studies would help in the development of yeonjabang as a functional food.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• 제10권7호
• /
• pp.1642-1647
• /
• 2009

Changes in aerosol characteristics during 2006 ${\sim}$2008 Asian dust events in Cheoan were investigated by measuring mass, ion and elemental concentrations of fine and coarse particles. The average mass concentrations of daily TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were 214.9, 160.3, and 95.9${\mu}\;g/m^3$during Asian dust events, which were 3.08, 2.58, and 1.95 times higher than Non-asian dust events. The maximum concentrations of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were 850.1, 534.4, and 233.3${\mu}\;g/m^3$, which were 12.19, 8.60, and 4.76 times higher, respectively. Increases in ion concentrations were not significant during Asian dust events, but elemental concentrations including soil components such as Fe, Al, Ti increased by 17.1 and 43.4 times for fine and coarse particles, respectively. The results clearly indicate that metallic components from soil constituents were the major components in Asian dusts sampled at Cheonan.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제29권
• /
• pp.5.1-5.7
• /
• 2014

Objectives Numerous studies have revealed the adverse health effects of acute and chronic exposure to particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$ in aerodynamic diameter ($PM_{10}$). The aim of the present study was to examine the spatial distribution of $PM_{10}$ concentrations and cardiovascular mortality and to investigate the spatial correlation between $PM_{10}$ and cardiovascular mortality using spatial scan statistic (SaTScan) and a regression model. Methods From 2008 to 2010, the spatial distribution of $PM_{10}$ in the Seoul metropolitan area was examined via kriging. In addition, a group of cardiovascular mortality cases was analyzed using SaTScan-based cluster exploration. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied to investigate the correlation between $PM_{10}$ concentrations and cardiovascular mortality. Results An examination of the regional distribution of the cardiovascular mortality was higher in provincial districts (gu) belonging to Incheon and the northern part of Gyeonggi-do than in other regions. In a comparison of $PM_{10}$ concentrations and mortality cluster (MC) regions, all those belonging to MC 1 and MC 2 were found to belong to particulate matter (PM) 1 and PM 2 with high concentrations of air pollutants. In addition, the GWR showed that $PM_{10}$ has a statistically significant relation to cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions To investigate the relation between air pollution and health impact, spatial analyses can be utilized based on kriging, cluster exploration, and GWR for a more systematic and quantitative analysis. It has been proven that cardiovascular mortality is spatially related to the concentration of $PM_{10}$.