• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.243-246
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• 2009

A cluster-based routing with a hierachical structure for continuous query stream ubiquitous sensor network is proposed in this paper. the proposed method realizes high energy-efficiency by using a head-set instead of head for transmitting node-messages to a base station. By using head-set, the method make network lifetime increased.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

MANET has various types of attacks. In particular, routing attacks using characteristics of movement of nodes and wireless communication is the most threatening because all nodes which configure network perform a function of router which forwards packets. Therefore, mechanisms that detect routing attacks and defense must be applied. In this paper, we proposed hierarchical structure attack detection techniques in order to improve the detection ability against routing attacks. Black hole detection is performed using PIT for monitoring about control packets within cluster and packet information management on the cluster head. Flooding attack prevention is performed using cooperation-based distributed detection technique by member nodes. For this, member node uses NTT for information management of neighbor nodes and threshold whether attack or not receives from cluster head. The performance of attack detection could be further improved by calculating at regular intervals threshold considering the total traffic within cluster in the cluster head.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.138-143
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• 2005

A hierarchical tree structure of clusters has advantages for the network design due to its scalability and simple routing protocol. In this paper, the cluster tree routing protocol is studied for the wireless sensor network. From the numerical analysis results, the data aggregation in the intermediate nodes reduces the number of communication message and saves the energy of sensor nodes, but it may result in increased data traffic latency. And also the selection of cluster head can increase the relaying hops very high.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

In this paper, we consider the limit of the previous works for ad-hoc network, then propose a dynamic routing scheme which employs a 2-tier hierarchical structure. We adopt the advantages of proactive and reactive routing scheme for efficient network management. We define this method as NSDR(New Secure Dynamic Routing) scheme. We also propose a trustworthy authentication and key management for the proposed ad-hoc network. We currently study the possibility that ad-hoc networks can provide a service such as key management and authentication for the next generation mobile network.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

Recently, MANET has been used in many fields as the range of applications increases. However, the dynamic topology that MANET has makes it difficult to route and provides the cause of exposure to security vulnerabilities. Therefore, the security features that can be robust to many attacks must have been applied in the routing technique provided in the MANET. In this paper, we propose a secure routing method that secure route is established by reliability evaluation of nodes and secure data communication has applied through key exchange mechanism. The proposed technique used hierarchical structure for efficiency of reliability evaluation of nodes. The reliability of nodes is performed by trust management node and reliability of nodes managed periodically is broadcasted. And the key exchange for secure data transmission is dene without CA as the certificate issuing organization. This allows fast key exchange and the integrity of data transmission improved. The proposed technique improves the security of the data transmission because a secure route to the destination node is established by the reliability evaluation and the data transmission is performed after the key between the source node and the destination node is exchanged through the established route.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

MANET consists of only wireless nodes having limited processing capability. It processes routing and data transmission through cooperation among each other. And it is exposed to many attack threats due to the dynamic topology by movement of nodes and multi-hop communication. Therefore, the reliability of transmitted data between nodes must be improved and security of integrity must be high. In this paper, we propose a method to increase the reliability of transmitted data by providing a secure cryptography protocol. The proposed method used a hierarchical structure to provide smooth cryptographic services. The cluster authentication node issues the cluster authentication key pair and unique key to the nodes. The nodes performs the encryption through two steps of encryption using cluster public key and block encryption using unique key. Because of this, the robustness against data forgery attacks was heightened. The superior performance of the proposed method can be confirmed through comparative experiment with the existing security routing method.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2012

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprise a tremendously growing infrastructure for monitoring the physical or environmental conditions of objects. WSNs pose challenges to mitigating energy dissipation by constructing a reliable and energy saving network. In this paper, we propose a novel network construction and routing method by defining three different duties for sensor nodes, that is, node gateways, cluster heads, and cluster members, and then by applying a hierarchical structure from the sink to the normal sensing nodes. This method provides an efficient rationale to support the maximum coverage, to recover missing data with node mobility, and to reduce overall energy dissipation. All this should lengthen the lifetime of the network significantly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.9 s.339
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• pp.29-40
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a Cluster-based Multicast Routing (CMR) suitable for mobile ad-hoc networks. The main features that our proposed method introduces are the following: a) mobility-based clustering and group based hierarchical structure in order to effectively support stability and scalability, b) group based mesh structure and forwarding tree concepts in order to support the robustness of the mesh topologies which provides limited redundancy and the efficiency of tree forwarding simultaneously, and c) combination of proactive and reactive concepts which provide low route acquisition delay and low overhead. The performance evaluation of the proposed protocol is achieved via modeling and simulation. The corresponding results demonstrate the Proposed multicast protocol's efficiency in terms of packet delivery ratio, scalability, control overhead, end-to-end delay, as a function of mobility, multicast group size, and number of senders.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1653-1659
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a new ECAD software for efficiently analyzing and debugging of digital architecture implemented in Verilog HDL or VHDL codes. This software firstly elaborates HDL codes so as to extract internal architecture structure, then generates several graphical aids such as hierarchical schematics by applying placement and routing algorithm, object tree to show configuration of each module, instance tree to show hierarchical structure of instances, and SPD (Signal Propagation Diagram) to show internal interconnections. It is more important function that same objects in different views(HDL codes, object tree, instance tree, SPD, waveform etc.) can be highlighted at the starting any object. These functions are sure to improve efficiency of manual job to fix bugs or to analyze HDL codes.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.457-461
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• 2008

Previous studies on overlay ad hoc multi-casting are mainly divided into two categories: hierarchical structure-based multicast schemes and non-hierarchical structure-based multicast schemes. They do not reflect their real-time location information for routing updates. This can be a cause of low performance on energy consumption, throughput, and latency. For improving the problems, we propose an implicit cluster based overlay ad hoc multicast scheme with analysis of related work, and then we evaluate performance through computer simulation.