• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hepatotoxicity

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HEPATOTOXICITY OF PHOTOTOXIC DRUGS USED IN SYSTEMIC PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY

  • Hann, Seung-Kyung;Choi, Gwang-Seong;Park, Yoon-Kee
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.29-31
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    • 1996
  • Psoralens are metabolized in the liver and thus can produce liver damage in laboratory animals when given in excessive doses. However, in humans, reports of the effects of psoralens on liver functions during photochemotherapy have been contradictory. We studied 311 patients t o observe the effects of various phototoxic drugs: 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), 4,5,8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP)-on liver function during photochemotherapy. Of the 311 patients, only seven had transient elevations of transaminases. Incidence of hepatotoxicity of 8-MOP, TMP and 5-MOP showed 0.6%, 6% and 3%, respectively. Although the effects of psoralens on liver functions during photochemotherapy have been contradictory in humans and there have been few cases showing transient elevated values of liver transaminases during photochemotherapy, it is advisable to obtain serial liver function tests before and during photochemotherapy.

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Acetaminophen Poisoning (아세트아미노펜 중독)

  • Chung, Sung-Pil;Kim, Seung-Ho;Lee, Hahn-Shick
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2008
  • Acetaminophen (AAP) overdose can result in potentially serious hepatotoxicity. The ingested dose and time from ingestion to presentation are important prognostic factors. Toxic dose in adult is thought to be at least 10 g or 200 mg/kg. However, early management of acute overdose should be guided by the plasma AAP concentration. The antidote for AAP poisoning is N-acetylcysteine (NAC). It provides complete protection against hepatotoxicity if given within 8 h of acute overdose. If the concentration is above the possible toxicity line as predicted by the Rumack-Matthew nomogram, either the 72-hr oral or the 20-hr intravenous NAC regimen should be administered. NAC is also effective if started late in patients with established hepatic failure. This article summarizes the current consensus of clinical assessment and management for acute AAP overdose.

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${\beta}-Glucuronidase-inhibitory\;Activity$ and Hepatoprotective Effect of Herbal Medicines (생약의 ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$ 저해와 간장보호효과)

  • Shim, Sang-Bum;Park, Ju-Suk;Kim, Nam-Jae;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.111-114
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    • 1999
  • Inhibitory effect of water and ethyl acetate extract of 60 kinds of herbal medicines was investigated on ${\beta}-glucuronidase$. Among water extract of them, Galla Rhois had the most potent ${\beta}-glucuronidase-inhibitory\;activity$. Termaliae Fructus, Amomi Tsa-ko Fructus and Arecae Semen were also potent inhibitors. Among ethyl acetate extract of them, Galla Rhois had the most potent ${\beta}-glucuronidase-inhibitory\;activity$. Nelumbinis Semen. Ephedrae Radix and Termaliae Fructus were also potent inhibitors. The extract of Galla Rhois had potent hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity of rats. These results suggest that the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ seems to be closely related to the liver injury, which could be prevented by the inhibitor of ${\beta}-glucuronidase$.

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STUDIES ON THE HEPATOTOXICITY PRODUCED BY INTERACTION OF SEVERAL DRUGS CONTAINING AMINO GROUPS AND NITRITE

  • Moon, Hwa-Hwey;Kim, Pu-Young;Park, Han-Soo;Choi, Cheol-Hee
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 1987
  • Hepatotoxicity study of the nitrosamine produced by interaction between drugs containing amino groups and soduim nitrite was conducted. In the in vitro study, interaction of 32mM Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL with 200mM Sodium nitrite produced N-nitroso dimetylamine (NDMA) at 0.4% or 0.03%, respectively. When sodium nitrite was administered with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, trace of NDMA was detected from the gastric contents. After three days of consecutive administration of sodium nitrite with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, the levels of GOT, GPT and SDH in the serum of treated groups were significant higher than that of control group.

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PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SCOPARONE AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN MICE

  • Huh, Keun;Park, Jong-Min;Chung, Jung-Rok
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 1987
  • Protective effect of scoparone against the acetaminophen inducible hepatic toxicity in mice was investigated. Scoparone (5mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to mice daily for 5 days. Scoparone pretreatment before the administration of acetaminophen has blocked subsequent increases in liver to body weight ratio. When biological changes were measured, scoparone protects against acetaminophen inducible hepatotoxicity in mice as evidenced by the decreased formation of lipid peroxide, lowered serum transaminase activity and the decreased level of serum acetaminophen. In conjuction with the results of Huh (Arch. Pharm. Res. 10, 165(1987)), these results suggest that the most likely mechanism for the observed protective effects of scoparone against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is the induction of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity.

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The Effect of Ginsenosides on Galactosamine-induced Hepatotoxicity (인삼 사포닌이 간세포 독성에 미치는 영향)

  • kim, Sun-Yeou;Kim, Young-Choong;Byun, Soon-Jung;Kim, Eun
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.219-224
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    • 1991
  • Liver protective effects of ginsenosides as well as fractions of dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng were studied using galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Preventing effects on GalN-induced hepatotoxicity were found both microscopic observation and determination of GPT level with total dammarane glycosides fraction and $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rb_1$ as well as $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg_1$ at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. The syntheses of both protein and RNA were significantly increased by the treatment of $50{\mu}g/ml$ of total dammarane glycoside fraction, $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rb_1$, -Rc, -Re and $-Rg_1$, respectively in both normal and GalN-induced cytotoxic hepatocytes.

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The Protective Effect of Bifidobacterium breve K-110, K-111 and B. infantis K-525 on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats (Bifidobacterium breve K-110, K-111 및 B. infantis K-525 균주의 사염화탄소 유발 간독성 보호 효과)

  • Park, Hae-Young;Han, Myung-Joo;Choi, Eung-Chil;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.1096-1100
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    • 1999
  • The protective effect of Bifidobacterium breve K-110, K-111 and B. infantis K-525 on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. Among them, B. infantis K-525 had the most potent hepatoprotective activity. It reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels to 51% and 80% of the $CCl_{4}-treated$ groups, respectively. In rat liver homogenate intoxificated with $CCl_{4}$, B. infantis K-525 inhibited in vitro as well as in vivo lipid peroxidation more than the other Bifidobacteria.

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