• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2010

The studies of M. Colombo (1989) and W. Lange (1992) showed that 30~40% of people became chronic after suffering from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infection, and about 50% of the chronic cases transformed into primary liver cancer. There have been few studies done in Mongolia on hepatitis infection among health professionals, particularly in nurses. In a study done by Chimedsuren (8), the study showed that 19.4% of people with identified surface hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus and 8% of people with the identified nucleotide of RNA for the hepatitis C virus (polymerase chain reaction) had an acute form of hepatitis C. Studies on the hepatitis virus genome damaging effect on liver cells showed that genotype 8 (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, TTV) had the most damaging effect on liver cells (Hahn and Faeka, 2007). Several studies have shown a relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and a lack of compliance regarding safety regulations and rules by medical personnel. Results of a study from the Maternal and Child Health Research Center showed that tests done to detect hepatitis B virus antigen and antibodies to C virus did not reveal anything. Both antigen and antibodies in 69% cases did not show, and separately, B virus and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were identified in 13% and 9%, respectively. Results of the tests taken from health personnel in Shastin Central Hospital showed that in 76% of the cases, the B virus antigen with C virus antibodies was not identified. In 8% of the cases, the B virus antigen was present on its own. The combination of B the virus antigen and C virus antibodies were present in 8% of nurses and doctors, respectively. 82% of the cases had negative results for the detection of a combination of B virus antigen and C virus antibodies taken from health personnel from the State Central Clinical Hospital whereas the B virus antigen and C virus antibodies by themselves were present in 7% and 14% of the cases, respectively. Combined cases of the B virus antigen and C virus antibodies were identified in 4% of the personnel. Results of the tests taken from the health personnel in the Hospital of the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs showed that in 79% of the cases, the B virus antigen with C virus antibodies were not identified. Separately, the B virus and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were identified in 8% and 13% of the cases, respectively.

• Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2018

대한임상검사정도관리협회 면역혈청프로그램의 2016년 간염바이러스 항원항체검사 신빙도조사 사업은 6월과 10월에, 2017년 신빙도조사사업은 5월과 10월에 2회에 걸쳐 시행되었다. 간염바이러스 항원항체검사 신빙도조사사업은 총 10종목에 대하여 실시하였다. 저자들은 2016년 1회차 2개, 2회차 3개의 혼합혈청 검체를 각각 965기관, 962기관에 발송하였다. 참여기관은 1회차에 915 기관(94.8%), 2회차 913기관(95.0%)이었다. 2017년도에는 매 회차 3개의 혼주혈청 검체를 각각 936기관, 1,015기관에 발송하였다. 참여기관은 1회차에 920기관(98.3%), 2회차 996기관(98.1%) 이었다. Hepatitis B surface antigen에 가장 많은 기관이 참여하였고, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B envelope antigen, antibodies to hepatitis B envelope antigen, anti-hepatitis A virus 및 antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen 순으로 참여하였다. 간염바이러스 항원항체검사 신빙도조사 결과, matrix effect로 인하여 전기화학발광면역검사법을 포함한 화학발광면역검사법에서 위양성 결과가 발생하였다. Anti-hepatitis A virus검사에서 면역크로마토그래피법의 낮은 민감도는 위음성 결과를 초래하였다. 검사실의 간염바이러스 신빙도조사사업의 지속적인 참여를 통한 검사의 질 향상이 필요할 것으로 생각되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1987

Mouse monocolonal antibodies to Hepatitis B surface antien (HBsAg) were prepared and their functional capabilities tested by the method of solid phase enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). HBsAg binding studies inicated that one monoclonal antibody 6E-1-1 bound more HBsAg at a faster rate than the other monoclonal antibodies. Also, for the binding inhibition studies with the selected monoclonal antibody 6E-1-1, one monoclonal antibody 8D-3-6 didn't exhibit binding inhibition for HBsAg. Then, a simultaneous ELISA method was developed for the immunodiagnosis of HBsAg. Different combinations of two monoclonal antibodies as solid phase and horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) labeled phase were studied. The combination of monoclonal antibody of higher affinity constant (6E-1-1) immobilized in a solid phase and monoclonal antibody of lower affinity constant (8D-3-6) as a HRPO laeled phase was more sensitive when two monoclonal antibodies of different affinity constants for HBsAg were prepared.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2015

Objectives: We checked hepatitis A virus antibody(anti-HAV IgG) and hepatitis B virus antibody(HBsAb) in three large companies. The result could be a guideline to establish proper health policy for Hepatitis A and B virus preventive plan in company. Methods: We investigated the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG and HBsAb, and demographic characteristics of employee volunteer in three companies in southern area of Korea. Company was divided three according to health policy for hepatitis A and B. Results: The seroprevalence rate of anti-HAV IgG in company A, B, and C was 53.6%, 25.8%, and 17.7%(P<0.001), respectively. The seroprevalence rate of HBsAb in workplace A, B, and C was 79.7%, 82.4%, and 70.9%(P<0.001), respectively. Anti-HAV IgG showed more considerable difference among the companies. Conclusions: The results confirmed that low rate of IgG anti-HAV and HBsAb, particularly in the company that had low level of hepatitis education and vaccination program. This study was important for establishing hepatitis education policies, to prevent and control outbreaks in companies.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2003

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the worldwide public health problem affecting about 300 million people. The envelope protein of HBV consists of three components known as preS1, preS2, and S antigen. According to the recent study, anti-HBs Ab showed effective neutralization ability against HBV from chronic hepatitis B and liver transplant patients, suggesting the possible development of therapeutic antibody. Methods: Spleen cells immunized with S antigen of HBV were fused with myeloma cell line to obtain HBsAg specific monoclonal antibodies. High affinity antibodies against HBsAg (adr, ad and ay type) were selected by competitive ELISA method. Nucleotide sequence of the variable regions of monoclonal antibodies was analyzed by RT-PCR followed by conventional sequencing method. Results: We produced 14 murine monoclonal antibodies which recognize S antigen of HBV. Two of them, A9-11 and C6-9 showed the highest affinity. The sequence analysis of A9-11 revealed that variable regions of the heavy chain and light chains are members of mouse heavy chain I (B) and light chain lambda 1, respectively. Likewise, the sequence analysis of C6-9 revealed that variable regions of the heavy chain and light chains are members of mouse heavy chain II (B) and light chain kappa 1, respectively. Neutralization assay showed that A9-11 and C6-9 effectively neutralize the HBV infection. Conclusion: These results suggest that A9-11 and C6-9 mouse monoclonal antibodies can be used for the development of therapeutic antibody for HBV infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4977-4982
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• 2016

Introduction: Elevated serum interleukin (IL) 6 has been reported in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), but it remains debatable whether this influences the production of autoantibodies and the biochemical profile of HCV disease. Therefore, this current study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and circulating autoantibody levels in HCV positive patients. Methods: Levels of IL-6 in serum samples from 102 patients with HCV and 103 normal controls were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autoantibodies were detected by immunofluorescence. Results: Levels of IL-6 were significantly higher (p=0.028) in patients infected with (HCV) compared with normal group. Autoantibodies were noted in in 43.1% of the patients; of these, 23.5% featured anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA+), 16.7% anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA+), 7.8% anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA+), 17.6% anti-parietal cell antibodies (APCA+), 7.8% anti canalicular antibodies, and 2.9% anti reticulin antibodies (ARA+). No patients were found to be positive for anti-brush border antibodies (ABBA) or anti-ribosomal antibodies. (ARiA). No links with IL-6 levels were apparent. Conclusions: IL-6 levels are increased in patients infected with HCV disease and could influence the production of autoantibodies. However, this study did not provide evidence of a specific relationship between IL6 and circulating autoantibodies in such cases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 1994

Toxicity study of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (LBD-008), a newly developed drug for acute and chronic hepatitis, was investigated in mice and guinea pigs. 1. Mice showed no production of antibodies against LBD-008 inoculated with aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) as an adjuvant, judged by the heterologous anaphylaxis (PCA) test using rats. On the other hand, antibodies against ovalbumin (OVA) inoculated with alum were definitely detected. 2. In the studies with guinea pigs, both the inoculation of LBD-008 only and of LBD-008 with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as an adjuvant did not produce positive reactions in any of homologous active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA). On the other hand, the inoculation of ovalbumin with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produced positive reaction in both of PCA and ASA. 3. These findings suggested that LBD-008 has no antigenic potential in mice or guinea pigs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.696-701
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• 2010

Hepatitis A is acute hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), HAV is a non-enveloped 27nm, heat-, acid, and ether-resistant RNA virus in the Picornavirus family. HAV is transmitted primarily through fecal-oral route and the incidence rate of hepatitis A is closely related to environmental hygiene and socioeconomic condition. Recent improvements in sanitation, public health policies, and socioeconomic development in South Korea have had great impact on the incidence of hepatitis A, which natural production of antibodies against HAV and the prevalence of HAV antibody has decreased. However, during the past ten years, symptomatic HAV infection substantially increased among juveniles and young adults in their twenties and thirties, and hepatitis A has become one of the most common acute hepatitis. Though there has been no report on treatment of hepatitis A with jaundice by oriental medicine in South Korea, many studies and case reports on treatment of icteric hepatitis of which main symptom is jaundice have been published in other countries. To treat patients diagnosed with hepatitis or suspected cases in oriental medicine hospitals, we need to have concerned about hepatitis A. This report is disease pattern identification in oriental medicine and treatments of 3 patients who were diagnosed with acute hepatitis A and treated in oriental medicine hospital.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2013

Hepatitis A (HA) is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). In acute HA, the presence of anti-HAV IgM is detectable and about 3 weeks after exposure, its titre increases over 4 to 6 weeks. Anti-HAV IgG is detectable within a few days of the onset of symptoms. IgG antibodies continue to last for years after infection and provide lifelong immunity to the host. This study was performed to investigate the current seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in Jeonbuk province, South Korea. A total of 591 (male 322, female 269) serum samples were collected in July 2011 to June 2012. We tested the antibodies of anti-HAV IgG and IgM using a Modular E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), and analysed the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by HITACH 7600-100 (HITACH, Japan). The overall seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 84.6% (500/591), and the rate of females (85.9%) was higher than males (83.5%). According to the decade of age, seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG were as follows; 68.8% (11/16) in the under 10 years old category, 100% (19/19) in the 10~19 category, 96% (48/50) in the 20~29 category, 83.6% (56/67) in the 30~39 category, 84.3% (123/146) in the 40~49 category, 83.3% (135/162) in the 50~59 category, 83.1% (54/65) in the 60~69 category, 78.1% (32/41) in the 70~79 category, and 88% (22/25) in the over 80 category. Total seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgM was 3.4% (20/591), and according to gender, the seroprevalence of male (3.1%) was very similar to that of female (3.7%). Through this study, we know that the seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibody in north-west Jeonbuk province, South Korea, was high. Only children under the age of 10 remain susceptible to HAV infection. Vaccination against HAV is not needed at the present time for the people of Jeonbuk province, South Korea, but a vaccination should be recommended and the improvement in sanitary conditions and personal hygiene should be highlighted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.690-695
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• 2008

The age-specific anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence rates in South Korea have changed markedly since the last 2030 years with an improvement in the socio-economic, housing, and environmental-sanitation conditions. These changes are characterized by very low anti-HAV seropositive rates among individuals less than 30 years of age; however, nowadays, most adolescents and young adults at an increased risk of developing symptomatic HAV infections. The Korea Center for Disease Control Sentinel Surveillance System has recently revealed an increase in the incidence of hepatitis A infection since 2001 and has revealed a potential endemic nature of the hepatitis A infection. Hepatitis A vaccines that were introduced in 1997 in Korea have made the current anti-HAV IgG positive rates in children (less than 10 years of age) approximately 50% of the rates observed in Seoul in 2006. However, in the same year, a few children were diagnosed as having anti-HAV IgG antibodies in Busan. This suggests the presence of some difference in the vaccination policy among doctors practicing in Seoul and Busan. Thus, the current recommendation of vaccinating 12-year-old child with HAV vaccination should be emphasized and a new strategy should be developed for the vaccination program to cater to the adolescents and young adults who are not immune, as well as for persons who are at a high risk for hepatitis A viral infection such as military personnel and hospital and day care center employees. Further, urgent hepatitis A vaccinations are also needed in patients with chronic liver diseases.