• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2001

Objective: To determine the feasibility of transcaval transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with occluded previous TIPS. Materials and Methods: Between February 1996 and December 2000 we performed five transcaval TIPS procedures in four patients with recurrent gastric cardiac variceal bleeding. All four had occluded TIPS, which was between the hepatic and portal vein. The interval between initial TIPS placement and revisional procedures with transcaval TIPS varied between three and 31 months; one patient underwent transcaval TIPS twice, with a 31-month interval. After revision of the occluded shunt failed, direct cavoportal puncture at the retrohepatic segment of the IVC was attempted. Results: Transcaval TIPS placement was technically successful in all cases. In three, tractography revealed slight leakage of contrast materials into hepatic subcapsular or subdiaphragmatic pericaval space. There was no evidence of propagation of extravasated contrast materials through the retroperitoneal space or spillage into the peritoneal space. After the tract was dilated by a bare stent, no patient experienced trans-stent bleeding and no serious procedure-related complications occurred. After successful shunt creation, variceal bleeding ceased in all patients. Conclusion: Transcaval TIPS placement is an effective and safe alternative treatment in patients with occluded previous TIPS and no hepatic veins suitable for new TIPS.

• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2004

In this study, when intravenous contrast medium was injected in spiral CT study, the effects of injection volume, injection rate, injection mode, location and lumen of IV catheter on enhancement of contrast medium in aorta, portal vein and liver parenchym

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2004

Computed tomography (CT) plays an important supplementary role in the evaluation of patients with heart disease. CT can be used to evaluate the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, cardiac chambers, coronary artery, valves and systemic veins (superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and hepatic veins). The "Learning Objectives" describe the normal anatomy and typical pathological conditions seen on axial scans and reformatted images from CT in patients with heart disease, focusing focus on frequent, fatal, and rare but characteristic diseases encountered in routine practice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.325-329
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• 1989

A rare case of aneurysm of the celiac artery due to arteriosclerosis was presented. The patient was 56-year-old female and had suffered from hypertension for 4 years, and recently, from dyspepsia prior to admission for 2 months. The operation was operated upon by interposition of an autogenous tubular saphenous vein graft between the proximal celiac artery and the common opening of the hepatic and the splenic arteries in the opened aneurysmal sac with inclusion technique. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.301.1-301.1
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• 2002

The aim of present study was to investigate effects of blunt trauma on alterations in cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent drug metabolizing function and to determine the role of Kupffer cells in the hepatocellular dysfunction Rats underwent closed femur fracture (FFx) with associated soft-tissue injury under anesthesia. Control animals received only anesthesia. To deplete Kupffer cells in vivo, gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) was injected intravenously via the tail vein at 7.5 mg/kg body wt. 1 and 2 days before surgery. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

In order to elucidate the effect of N-demethylation on the in vivo metabolite kinetics, especially hepatic first-pass effect of trimebutine(TMB), the N-demethylation of TMB to N-monodesmethyl trimebutine(N-TMB) was studied in rats. TMB(10 mg/kg) and N-TMB(10 mg/kg) were injected into the femoral and the portal vein, respectively. And the pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from the plasma concentration-time profiles of TMB and N-TMB determined by the simultaneous analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was supposed that these drugs were almost metabolized in vivo because the urinary and biliary excreated amounts of TMB and N-TMB were lower than 0.1% of the administered dose. According to the hepatic biotransformation model and metabolic pathways of TMB proposed, it was found that the fraction of systemic clearance of TMB which formed N-TMB in liver$(G_{mi})$ was 0.826, that of TMB which furnishes the available N-TMB to the systemic circulation$(F_{mi})$ was 0.083, and the absolute hepatic bioavailability of N-TMB formed trom TMB$(F_{mi.p})$ was 0.1. These results showed that TMB was suspected of the sequential hepatic first-pass metabolism and N-demethylated by 82.6%. Therefore, the residue would be hydrolyzed by the esterase in the liver. That is, the ability of N-demethylation of TMB was 4.75-fold larger than that of hydrolysis by the esterase in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.320-336
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• 1995

SANGNYANGHYOLTANG(SYT) is one of the most important prescription that has been used in oriental medicine for diabetes mellitus. The sudy was done in order to elucidate the anti-diabetic effect of SYT. After pretreatment of SYT(1,000mg／kg) for 6 weeks, the effect of of SYT was prevented on serum liver function test and hepatic lipid peroxide content in rats i.v. injected with streptozotocin(STZ, 50mg／kg, tail vein) 5 weeks after pretreatment of SYT. The hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylase were significantly decreased, and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was significantly increased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group. Changes in aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and sulfotransferase activities were not significantly different in any of the group. The cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly decreased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group. The selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group, but there was no significant difference in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in any of the groups. The hepatic glutathione concentration was significantly increased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group, and ${\gamma}-glutamylcystein$ synthetase and glutathione reductase activities were not significantly different in any of the groups. The hepatic lipid peroxide content, serum aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were slightly decreased in significantly in SYT-STZ groups.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2001

In order to elucidate the influence of intestinal and hepatic first-pass effect on the pharmacokinetics of triflusal, the biotransformation of triflusal in the gastrointestinal tract and liver was designed. Moreover, we tried to establish an HPLC method applicable for bioassay and available to pharmacokinetics, not only with the simultaneous determination of triflusal and its active metabolite, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid (HTB), but also with improving sensitivity. After the administration of triflusal (10 mg/kg) and HTB (10 mg/kg) into femoral vein, portal vein (only triflusal) and oral route (only triflusal), pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated from the plasma concentration-time profiles of triflusal and HTB in rats. An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of triflusal and HTB in rat plasma, urine and bile. The HPLC analysis was carried out using a C18 column and acetonitrile-methanol-water (25:10:65, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and UV detection at 234 nm. Furosemide was used as the internal standard. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range $0.05-5.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ for triflusal and $0.2-200.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ for HTB with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 and with intra-day or inter-day coefficients of variation not exceeding 10.0%. This assay procedure was applied to the study of metabolite pharmacokinetics of triflusal and HTB in rats. It was supposed that triflusal was almost metabolized in vivo because urinary and biliary excreted amounts of triflusal could be ignored as it was lower than 1.2% of the administered dose. According to the gastrointestinal and hepatic biotransformation pathways of triflusal, it was found that triflusal was hydrolyzed by about 5% in intestine and metabolized by about 53% in liver, and that the bioavailability of triflusal after oral administration of triflusal was 0.44, and also that the fraction of total elimination rate of triflusal which formed HTB in liver $(F_{mi},\;%)$ was about 98%. These results showed that triflusal was almost metabolized in liver, and the total elimination of triflusal in the body was dependent to the formation rate of HTB from triflusal in liver.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 1999

Contrast-enhanced CT has an important role in assessing liver lesions, the optimal protocol to get most effective result is not clear. The mein goal when deciding injention protocol is to optimize lesion detectability with rapid scanning when lesion to liver contrast is maximum. For this purpose, we developed a physiological model of the contrast medium enhancement based on the compartment modeling and pharmacokinetics. Blood supply to liver is achieved in two paths. This dual supply characteristic distinguishes the CT enhancement of liver from that of the other organs. The first path is by hepatic artery and to second, by portal vein. However, it is assumed that only gepatic artery can supply blood to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) compartment, thus, the difference of contrast enhancement is resulted between normal liver tissue and hepatic tumor. By solving differential equations for each compartment simultaneously using the computer program Matlab, CT contrast-enhancement curves were simulated. The simulated enhancement curves for aortic, hepatic, portal vein, and HCC compartments were compared with the mean enhancement curves from 24 patients exposed to the same protocols as the simulation. These enhancement curves showed a good agreement. Furthermore, we simulated lesion-to-liver curves for various injection protocols, and the effects were analyzed. The variables to be considered in the injection protocol were injection rate, dose, and concentration of contrast material. These data may help to optimize scanning protocols for better diagnosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 2002

Aortic regurgitation in the pediatrics who had previous cardiac surgery is increased with their improved longterm survival rate and their complexity of heart disease. So the need of aortic valve surgery in pediatrics is also on the increase. A 10-year old boy was admitted for progressive cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion(DOE). The patient had been underwent lateral tunnel Fontan operation before. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization study revealed hepatic vein drained to pulmonary atrium via intrahepatic collaterals, moderate atrioventricular regurgitation, and severe aortic regurgitation due to aortic root dilation. We report a case who had aortic root reconstruction, valvuloplasty of the atrioventricular valve, and hepatic vein ligation successfully Cyanosis and DOE was dramatically improved after the operation