• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 1981

The hot spot on liver scan was demonstrated by many authors in various conditions such as SVC obstruction, Budd-Chiari syndrome, liver abscess, hemangioma of liver, hepatic venoocclusive diseases, IVC obstruction, and tricuspid insufficiency. And the appearance of hot spot in SVC obstruction is due to unsual collateral circulation. But there was no report of this hots pot on liver scan in our country. We have recently observed one patient with SVC obstruction who shows well-defined area of increased radioactivity between right and left lobe of liver on liver scan using $^{99m}Tc-tin$ colloid, and demonstrated collateral circulations with RI venography using $^{99m}Tc-O_4$. The injection site of radiocolloid was left antecubital vein. This hot spot did not appear when the radiocolloid was injected into right leg vein. We report here this hot spot on liver scan in SVC obstruction with review of some liter atures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.274-278
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• 1990

Metastases to the liver presents a common clinical problem in the management of patients with cole-rectal cancer, and are responsible for a high degree of morbidity and mortality associated with this malignancy. Unfortunately, attempts at preventing the development of liver metastases in "high risk" patients has so far been unsuccessful. Ongoing studies of adjuvant chemotherapy have not yet illustrated a significant increase in survival in patients receiving such therapy. The purpose of the study is to investigate the value of adjuvant radiotherapy given in the form of colloidal chromic phosphate P-32 suspension administered via portal vein after radical resection of the primary cancer, in preventing the growth of occult metastases in the liver. Twenty one patients (10 patients of treated group with 11 controls) were followed 18 months after operation. There was no significant change in the CBC and liver functions after administration of P-32 labeled colloidal chromic phosphate. The number of patients who showed local metastases at 18 months were 2 in the treated group and 3 in the control group. While liver metastases occurred in one patient at 6 months and in three at 12 months in the control group, there was no development of liver metastases by 12 months in the treated group. At 18 month follow-up CT scan one patient in the treated group showed a single nodule in the liver. In conclusion liver metastasis rate was lower in the patients who received colloidal P-32 chromic phosphate via portal vein after radical resection of the primary cole-rectal cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1097-1101
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• 1998

Renal cell carcinoma involves the inferior vena cava(IVC) in approximately 5-10% of the patients. Presently surgical extirpation is the only form of therapy that can result in cure. Circulatory arrest with cardiopulmonary bypass is an operative technique that recently has been used to assist in resection of tumors that extend into the vena cava above the level of hepatic veins. We performed removal of tumor thrombi of IVC in 4 patients. All of them who had the renal cell carcinormas with infrahepatic vena caval extension were performed by standard surgical technique without cardiopulmonary bypass. But in one patient, inferior vena caval thrombectomy was done using circulatory arrest because of the recurred extension of the tumor thrombi within the vena cava above the insertion of the hepatic vein. All patients were recovered without any significant problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.981-985
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• 1996

To study the effect of toluene administration on the liver damage, rats were previously fed a low (casein 7%, LP) or standard(casein 20%, SP) protein diet and for four days toluene(50% in olive oil) was given at 0.2ml/100g body weight/day to the male rats, and then the degree of liver damage in toluenetreated animals fed LP were compared with those fed SP. The increasing rate of liver weight/body weight and the serum levels of xanthine oxidase to the control group were higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. The decreasing rate of protein contents in cytosol, mitochondria and glycogen, glutathione contents of liver to the control group were higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. In histopathological findings, the swelling of hepatic cell around the central vein was demonstrated in all the two groups toluene-treated rats. But the degree of swelling severity in hepatocytes was somewhat higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. Therefore it is assumed that the degree of liver damage severity in toluenetreated animals was higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1971

Eighty-four cases of mitral commissurotomy were done in this department between October 1958 and September 1970. Therc wcre 54 males and 30 females. Six cases were under the age of 20 years. Prcoperativc embolization occurred in 9. 5% of the cases. consisting of 8. 3% cerebral and 1.2% peripheral embolization. Intraoperative and postoperative cmbolization occurred in 4.7% of the cases, with 1. 2% cerebral and 3.5% peripheral embolism. Two out of three postopeative embolism cases expired, one of which was caused by septic cerebral embolism due to valve vegetation nnd the other by mesenteric embolism. Atrial fibrillation was 1loted ill 43% of the case. Seventy closed mitral commissurotomy was done by left appendegeal approach with finger fracture method or Bailey's guillotine valvotome. Fourteen open mitral commissurotomy cases were done either by right side approach or median sternotomy, three of which were reoperation cases after blind mitral commissurotomy. One out of 14 cases were operated on with open mitral commissurotomy and concomitant open aortic valve bicuspidalization, This case expired due to severe serum hepatitis ten days after operation. Thirty-two per cent of valve calcification was noted during operation and one of which had marked vegetation on the valve cusps too. Operative mortality was 1.4% in blind mitral commissurotomy and 14% in open mitral commissurotomy. Over-all mortality in the entire series was 3.5%. One case among the blind commissurotomy cases expired during operation due to left inferior pulmonary vein laceration and death was caused in two open mitral commissurotomy cases by coronary artery airembolism. Three hospital death occurred in blind operation group, one due to coronary embolism, and two by hepatic failures. Three hospital death among open heart surgery cases were caused by hepatic failure in two and cerebral embolism in one cases. ln most of the survivors improved functional capacity and exercise lolerance were noted.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

This study was performed to establish normal hepatoscintiangiographic(HSA) pattern of hepatic blood flow and to investigate dynamic differential HSA findings of primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscess of the liver. HSA was carried out after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m-phytate by obtaining sequential anterior images of 1-second exposure for 16 seconds. Observations included (1) baseline study of normal hepatic blood flow pattern by correlating with contrast angiogram, (2) time sequence phasing of normal HSA, and (3) analysis of altered patterns in primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscesses of the liver. Materials consisted of 20 normal subjects, 28 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastatic carcinomas and 7 liver abscesses. Results were: (1) Normal HSA demonstrated 3 distinct phases of arterialization(AP), of arterial hepatogram(AHP), and of portal venous hepatogram(PVHP). The means of each phase were 5.3, 6.3 and 8.3 seconds, respectively. Portal vein could be seen in all but one of 20 normal subjects. (2) Pattern changes in diseases groups were early start of AP in carcinomas and very early start of AP in abscesses. AP became prolonged in all disease group. (3) Distinction between AHP was sharp in metastasis and abscesses but un sharp in primary hepatoma. Cold area or areas became vascularized in primary hepatoma but not in abscess. Cold areas of metastasis were inhomogeneously vascularized in late AP and throughout AHP and became relatively vascular as PVHP began. The cold area of abscess showed rim enhancement during AH and APH. These differences in HSA pattern were very useful in differential diagnosis of the diseases studied.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2019

The liver is involved in a wide range of activities in vertebrates and some other animals, including metabolism, protein synthesis, detoxification, and the immune system. Until now, various methods have been devised to study liver diseases; however, each method has its own limitations. In situ liver perfusion machinery, originally developed in rats, has been successfully adapted to mice, enabling the study of liver diseases. Here we describe the protocol, which is a simple but widely applicable method for investigating the liver diseases. The liver is perfused in situ by cannulation of the portal vein and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), with antegrade closed circuit circulation completed by clamping the infrahepatic IVC. In situ liver perfusion can be utilized to evaluate immune cell migration and function, hemodynamics and related cellular reactions in each type of hepatic cells, and the metabolism of toxic or other compounds by changing the composition of the circulating media. In situ liver perfusion method maintains liver function and cell viability for up to 2 h. This study also describes an optional protocol using density-gradient centrifugation for the separation of different types of hepatic cells, allowing the determination of changes in each cell type. In summary, this method of in situ liver perfusion will be useful for studying liver diseases as a complement to other established methods.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) provides a favorable outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was launched in Vietnam in 2004. In this study, we evaluated the short-term and long-term outcomes of LT and its risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed HCC patients who underwent LT at Viet Duc University hospital, Vietnam, from 01/2012-03/2022. The following data were gathered: demographics, virus infection, tumor characteristics, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, Child-Pugh and MELD scores, selection criteria, type of LT, complications, 30-day mortality, and disease-free and overall survival (DFS and OS). Results: Fifty four patients were included, the mean age was 55.39 ± 8.46 years. Nearly 90% had hepatitis B virus-related HCC. The median (interquartile range) AFP level was 16.2 (88.7) ng/mL. The average MELD score was 10.57 ± 5.95; the rate of Child-Pugh A and B were 70.4% and 18.5%, respectively. Nearly 40% of the patients were within Milan criteria, brain-dead donor was 83.3%. Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis occurred in 0% and 1.9%, respectively; hepatic artery thrombosis 1.9%, biliary leakage 5.6%, and postoperative hemorrhage 3.7%. Ninety-day mortality was 5.6%. Five-year DFS and OS were 79.3% and 81.4%, respectively. MELD score and ChildPugh score were predictive factors for DFS and OS (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh score was the only significant factor (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In Vietnam, LT is an effective therapy for HCC with an acceptable complication rate, mortality rate, and good survival outcomes, and should be further encouraged.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 1982

This paper dealt with the pathological and clinical findings on the experimentally induced rodenticide (fluoroacetate, zinc phosphide, thallium sulfate, coumarin) and NaCN poisoning of ruminants (Holstein cattle and/or Korean native goat) for the purpose of the diagnosis in the accidental rodenticide poisoning of cattle. The results observed are summarized as follows: Fluoroacetate poisoning (cattle and goat): in the clinical signs, there were depression, convulsion, dyspnea, groan, grinding of the teeth, vomiting, opisthotonus and post-mortem tympany. In the macroscopical findings, the blood was more or less poor coagulative and dark red, bloody fluid with foam in the trachea, hyperemia and hemorrhage of tracheal mucosa and lung, cloudy swelling and hyperemia of kidney, epicardial hemorrhage(cattle), and hyperemia of abomasum, intestine and brain were observed. In the microscopical findings, there were pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, necrosis of convoluted tubular epithelium and interstitial hemorrhage of kidney, focal coagulative necrosis of myocardium, hemorrhage of pancreas and spleen, dilatation of Virchow-Robin space and hyperemia of brain, and necrosis with desquamation of mucosal epithelia of abomasum and upper small intestine. In the histological lesions of the liver, lobular peripheral hyperemia, centrilobular necrosis and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of the hetatic cells were observed. The cytoplasmic inclusion body of the hepatic cells was not seen in the affected goat, but hydropic degeneration of the hepatic cells was marked. Zinc phosphide poisoning (cattle and goat): clinically, the affected animals died in recumbent position after ataxia, dyspnea and convulsion. In the macroscopical findings, hyperemia and hemorrhage of lung, cloudy swelling and hyperemia of liver and kidney, hemorrhage of spleen (cattle), and catarrh of abomasum and small intestine were observed. In the microscopical findings, necrosis of the convoluted tubular epithelium and hyperemia of kidney, hemorrhage of spleen, hyperemia of lung, hyperemia or hemorrhage of heart, cloudy. swelling and fatty changes of hepatic cells, dilatation of hepatic central vein, hyperemia of brain, and catarrh of abomasal and small intestinal mucosae were observed. Thallium sulfate poisoning (cattle): in the macroscopical findings dark red color of blood, hyperemia and hemorrhage of lung, bloody fluid with foam in the tracheal mucosa, petechiae of tracheal mucosa, cloudy swelling and hemorrhage of liver, necrotic lesions and hemorrhage of renal cortex and epicardial hemorrhage were observed. In the microscopical findings, severe hemorrhages of the lung, cloudy swelling and necrosis of hepatic cells, hyperemia and hemorrhage of liver, focal coagulative necrosis of mycordium, necrosis of the convoluted tubular epithelium and hyperemia of kidney, hyperemia and hemorrhage of spleen and dilatation of Virchow-Robin apace in brain were observed. Coumarin poisoning (goat): the poisoned animals died in the state of groan and depression. In the macroscopical findings, poor coagulation of blood, hemorrhage of lung, cloudy swelling and severe hemorrhages of liver, cloudy swelling and hemorrhage of kidney, abomasal hemorrhage, catarrh of small intestine, and hyperemia and hemorrhage of the other organs were observed, In the microscopical findings, hyperemia and hemorrhage of lung and kidney, cloudy swelling of the convoluted tubular epithelium of kidney, severe hepatic hyperemia, cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration of heptatic cell, and hyperemia and hemorrhage of brain and spleen were observed. NaCN poisoning (cattle and goat): clinically, there were convulsion, severe dyspnea, paresis of hind limb, depression and then rigor of four limbs. In the macroscopical findings, bright red color of blood, hyperemia and bright and red tinge of lung cloudy swelling of kidney and liver, and hyperemia of abomasum were observed. In the microscopical findings, cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration of hepatic cell, hyperemia and edema of lung, necrosis and degeneration of the convoluted tubular epithelium and hemorrhage in kidney, dilatation of Virchow-Robin space of brain and hemorrhage of spleen were observed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2005

Purpose: Tc-99m labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacctic acid (DTPA)-coupled galactosylated human serum albumin (GSA) is a currently used imaging agent for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) of the liver, but, it has several shortcomings. Recently a new ASGPR imaging agent, $^{99m}Tc$-lactosylated human serum albumin (LSA), with simple labeling procedure, high labeling efficiency, high stability was developed. In order to assess the feasibility of the $^{99m}Tc$-LSA as a ASGPR imaging radiopharmaceuticals, we performed biodistribution study of the tracer in liver injured mice model and the results were compared with histolgic data. Materals and Methods: To induce hepatic damage in ICR mice, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) ($60mg/kg/week{\times}5time$, low dose or $180mg/kg/week{\times}2times$, high dose) and thioacetamide (TAA) ($50mg/kg{\times}1time$) were administrated intraperitoneally. Degree of liver damage was evaluated by tissue hematoxilin-eosin stain, and expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) was assessed by immunohistochemistry using ASGPR antibody. $^{99m}Tc$-LSA was intravenously administrated via tail vein in DEN or TAA treated mice, and biodistribution study of the tracer was also performed. Results: DEN treated mice showed ballooning of hepatocyte and inflammatory cell infiltration in low dose group and severe hapatocyte necrosis in high dose group, and low dose group showed higher ASGPR staining than control mice in immunohistochemical staining. TAA treated mice showed severe hepatic necrosis. $^{99m}Tc$-LSA Biodistribution study showed that mice with hepatic necrosis induced by high dose DEN or TAA revealed higher blood activity and lower liver activity than control mice, due to slow clearance of the tracer by the liver. The degree of liver uptake was inversely correlated with the degree of histologic liver damage. But low dose DEN treated mice with mild hepatic injury showed normal blood clearance and hepatic activity, partly due to overexpression of ASGPR in mice with mild degree hepatic injury. Conclusion: Liver uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-LSA was inversely correlated with degree of histologic hepatic injury in DEN and TAA treated mice. These results support that $^{99m}Tc$-LSA can be used to evaluate the liver status in liver disease patients.