• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

The effects of inorganic mercury on hematological parameters and hepatic oxidative stress enzyme activity were studied in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish were injected twice intraperitoneally with mercuric chloride (2, 4, or 8 mg Hg/kg BW). The major hematological findings were significant decreases in the red blood cell count, hematocrit value, and hemoglobin level in olive flounder exposed to 8 mg Hg/kg BW. Remarkably low levels of calcium and chloride, and reduced osmolality, were also observed at 8 mg Hg/kg BW. In hepatic tissue, significant increases in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity were observed above 4 mg Hg/kg BW Inorganic mercury also increased glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activity at 8 mg Hg/kg BW in hepatic tissue. The present findings suggest that exposure to a low concentration (${\geq}4$ mg Hg/kg BW) of inorganic mercury can cause significant changes in hematological and antioxidant parameters.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1984

The investigation was aimed to study the effect of ginseng ethanol extract on the hepatic ethanol-metabolizing enzyme activity in vivo. The extract (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for $7{\sim}10$ days and their microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS) and catalase activities were measured. The MEOS activity in the rat treated with the extract was not significantly different from that of the normal group. Microsomal fraction containing MEOS was separated and the MEOS activity was measured after preincubation for 5, 60 and 180 min, respectively. There were no significant differences in MEOS activities between the normal and treated groups preincubated for 5, 60 and 180 min. The activity in the rat treated with single i.p. injection of 95% $CCl_4$ (0.5ml/kg) was decreased by 48%, compared to the normal group and in the rat treated with the extract (100mg/kg) for $7{\sim}10$ days, the decrease of the MEOS activity was potentiated. Catalase activity in the rat treated with the extract (100mg/kg) was similar to that obtained from the normal group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.850-857
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• 2001

The study was designed to observe whether the conjugated linoleic acid supplemented to diet could reduce plasma levels of glucose and lipids which were increased in 27-weeks old Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty(OLETF) rats. Twenty male OLETF rats of 7 weeks old were fed an experimental diet containing 4.5%(w/w) total fat including 1% CLA and six of twenty rats were sacrified at 6 weeks feeding. The rest of OLETF rats was divided into 2 groups, one group was continuously fed for 14 weeks more the same experimental diet containing 1% CLA and the other group was fed control diet which eliminated CLA. CLA did not significantly reduce food intake and body weight gain in OLETF obese rats. Plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol level were significantly increased at older age of OLETF obese rats, but CLA could significantly reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride increased in obese rats. However, CLA was not strong enough to reduce the increased plasma glucose level and hepatic lipogenic enzyme acitivies. CLA was mostly deposited in epididymal fat pad and could be incorporated into hepatic microsomal membrane and did interfere the conversion of C18 : 0 into C18 : 1 in liver. In conclusion, CLA could have anti-atherogenic effect by reducing plasma cholesterol and triglyceride which was increased in genetically obese rats, but CLA(1%) was not good source of dietary fatty acid to reduce body fatness and plasma glucose which was increased by obese gene in older rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 1996

Licorice has been widely used in combination with other herbs or synthetic drugs for various disorders. In an effort to study the effect of licorice roots (Glycyrrhizae Radix, GR) and glycyrrhizin on the hepatic glucuronidation, we have previously found that the pretreatment of GR or glycyrrhizin for 6 days resulted in a marked increase in the enzymatic activity of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-inducible hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozyme that has high affinity toward phenolic substrates (p-nitrophenol form, UGTIA) in Sprague-Dawley rats. As an approach to elucidate the mechanism for the enzyme activation by licorice in rat liver, we examined the levels of hepatocellular mRNAs for UGTIA upon the treatment of GR or glycyrrhizin. The hepatic mRNAs were extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats and Wistar rats after the treatment of the methanol extract of GR (1 g/kg, p.o.), glycyrrhizin (23 mg/kg, p.o.) for 6 days, or 3-MC (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days. Using the UGT1A1 CDNA as a probe, we found that the mRNAs for the enzyme were induced by 3-MC treatment while those were influenced neither by GR nor by glycyrrhizin in both strains of rats. These results indicate that the activation of rat liver UGTI A by licorice and glycyrrhizin was not due to the induction of mRNAs for the enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in liver of KK mice of various ages and various duration of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by feeding high fat diet containing 20% corn oil(wt/wt). Weaned KK mice were fed high fat diet containing 51 IU or 2080 IU vitamin E per kg diet. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 6, and 9 months of age. In nondiabetic group, we found the decrease of antionxidative enzyme activities with aging. In diabetic group, antioxidative enzyme activities were decreased, and the change of hepatic vitamin E was related to glutathione peroxidase activity (r=0.71, p<0.001). Treatment with vitamin E did not modify the level of fasting blood glucose. However, it was observered that glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as hepatic glutathione levels were increased by vitamie E supplementation, whereas catalase activity did not changed. The present result suggest that high vitamin E supplementation protects against lipid peroxidative damage in diabetic KK mice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.145-151
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• 1981

The effect of ginseng methanol extract on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme in rat was investigated. The ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats for 7days and the contents of cytochrome $P_{450}$ and NADPH cytochrome c reductase in liver were measured by the method of Stanton et al. and Mazel respectively. The content of liver cytochrome $P_{450}$ and NADPH cytochrome c reductase in the rats treated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) were increased by 21.9% and l6.6% respectively and their increases were statistically significant. Single i.p. injection of phenobarbital (100mg/kg) to the rats produced approximately 25% increase in cytochrome $P_{450}$ content in this investigation and further stimulation was produced in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg). On the other hand, single i.p. injection of 95% $CCl_{4}$ (0.5ml/kg) showed 29% decrease in cytochrome $P_{450}$ content and 10.5% decrease in NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. The degree of inhibition of cytochrome $P_{450}$ content in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) was similar to that observed in the $CCl_{4}$ alone treated group, but NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity was increased by 65% in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg). These results suggest that ginseng is the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme inducing agent in the rat and the effect is similar to phenobarbital.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1986

The single acute treatment of mice with the steam distillate, non-volatile ether extract and methanol extract from mace, arils of Myristica fragrans(Myristicaceae) caused a significant prolongation of hexobarbital-induced narcosis, an increase in strychnine toxicity as well as a significant decrease in hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities. On seven daily consecutive administrations, however, the duration of narcosis was markedly shortened and significant increases in the hepatic enzyme activities were shown. From the non-volatile ether fraction, macelignan, a new lignan, mp $70{\sim}72^{\circ}$ was isolated as an active principle.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1992

The effects of scoparone, one of coumarin derivative on the hepatic bromobenzene metabolizing enzyme system was estimated in rats. Scoparone pretreatment revealed dose-dependently the recovery of decrease in epoxide hydrolase activity due to the bromobenzene(310 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. And also scoparone and scopoletin (each 5mg/kg, p.o.) pretreatments showed two times increase in the $V_{max}$ values compared to those of bromobenzene-treated group which were calculated from tripartite reciprocal plots. The mode of protective effect of scoparone against bromobenzene induced toxicity is considered to be due to the induction of microsomal enzyme activity by scopoletin, the intermediate metabolite of scoparone. The changes in cytochrome P-450 activity, aminopyrine N-demethylation, aniline hydroxylation and glutathione S-transferation in scoparone-treated group were not significantly different from those of the control group.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-268
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• 1990

The effects of lignans, related to macelignan, on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) activity were evaluated to elucidate the structure-activity relationship in mice and rats. The compounds carrying the methylenedioxyphenyl nucleus were found to be the msot potent among compounds tested; which not only produced a marked inhibition of DME with a single dose but a significant induction with repeated treatments. Lack of the methylenedioxy group caused marked decrease in the activity, implying that a methylenedioxy group is essential and of major importance eliciting DME modifying activity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 1989

In order to evaluate the effect of fish oil on lipid drogenase(G6PDH), malic enzyme(ME), glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activities were measured in liver and adipose tissue of rats fed 13 days supplemented fish oil at the level of 10% (W/W). Two other groups of rats were fed 10% soybean oil or lard to compare with the effect of fish oil. In all groups, activities of hepatic G6PDH and ME were depressed from the beginning of feeding. This effect was greatest (50%) in fish oil group. Hepatic G6Pase was highest in rats fed lard. When the level of fish oil was reduced to half, as total fat content was maintained at the level of 10% by complementary lard, lipogenic enzyme depressing effect of fish oil was as significant as shown in 10% fish oil diet. Hepatic G6PDH was depressed significantly(14%) in rats fed fish oil as low as 2％. On the other hand, changes in adipose tissue G6PDH and ME activities were small. Adipose tissue G6Page activity increased slightly in rats fed with increasing fish oil(above 0.5%). It is suggested that fish oil alter, more markedly than either soybean oil or lard, cellular lipid metabolism by reducing activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes.