• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.159-159
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• 2001

The phthalates have been shown to produce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and certain peroxisome proliferators (PPs) are also known to increase the incidence of liver tumors in rodents. In this study we investigated the correlation between oxidative injury, changes in peroxisomal and microsomal enzymes and tumor formation in PP-treated rats.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2001

The phthalates have been shown to produce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and certain peroxisome proliferators (PPs) are also known to increase the incidence of liver tumors in rodents. In this study we investigated the correlation between oxidative injury, changes in peroxisomal and microsomal enzymes and tumor formation in PP-treated rats.(omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2018

Quercetin and resveratrol are known to have beneficial effects on the diabetes and diabetic complication, however, the effects of combined treatment of these compounds on diabetes are not fully revealed. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the combined antidiabetic action of quercetin (QE) and resveratrol (RS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To test the effects of co-treated with these compounds on diabetes, serum glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, oxidative stress biomarkers, and ions were determined. Additionally, the activities of hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes and histological analyses of pancreatic tissues were evaluated. 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups; normal control, 50 mg/kg STZ-induced diabetic, and three (30 mg/kg QE, 10 mg/kg RS, and combined) compound-treated diabetic groups. The elevated serum blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats were significantly improved by QE, RS, and combined treatments. Oxidative stress and tissue injury biomarkers were dramatically inhibited by these compounds. They also shown to improve the hematological parameters which were shown to the hyperlactatemia and ketoacidosis as main causes of diabetic complications. The compounds treatment maintained the activities of hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes and structure of pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$ from the diabetes, and it is noteworthy that cotreatment with QE and RS showed the most preventive effect on the diabetic rats. Therefore, our study suggests that cotreatment with QE and RS has beneficial effects against diabetes. We further suggest that cotreatment with QE and RS has the potential for use as an alternative therapeutic strategy for diabetes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.148-153
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated the effect of water, extract of Terminalia Chebula (TC) on physiological activity in mice. TC water extract showed hemagglutination against several different types of red blood cells. $LD_{50}$ of TC extract was 390 mg/kg (po). Treatment of TC water extract orally administered 200, 300 mg/kg daily for one week. Hepatic cytosolic enzymes, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities were significantly increased comparison with normal group. Treatment of TC water extract increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and reduced glutathione content. We also found that the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase but was not affected activities of $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine synthetase after treatment of TC water extract. These results suggested that increase of the hepatic lipid peroxide is caused by glutathione reduction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.461-467
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the biological activity and hepatoprotective effect of DWP-04 [DDB : selenium yeast: glutathione (31.1 : 6.8 : 62.1(w/w/w)] in D-galactosamine (GaIN) intoxicated rats. The DWP-04 (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) or its vehicle was orally administered everyday before the start of GaIN injection (400 mg/kg, ip) for two weeks and animal decapitated for 24 hrs after GaIN­injected. The activities of serum enzymes, markers of liver function, were increased in the GaIN group compared to normal group and significantly lowered in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group. Hepatic lipid peroxide level and activities of phase 1 enzymes were significantly higher than those of GaIN group compared to normal group and lower in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group, and phase II enzyme activities in liver were lower in the GaIN group than in the normal group and were increased in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group. Total hepatic glutathione content and glutathione biosynthesis enzymes were lower in the GaIN group than in the normal group and were increased in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group. Therefore, the current results indicated that DWP-04 administration alleviated the GaIN-induced adverse effect through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

Effects of ambient nitrite, NO$_2$$\^$-/, at 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/1, on the changes of plasma nitrite/nitrate and on hepatic drug - metabolizing enzyme activity were examined in the juvenile Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio. When the fish were exposed to 1 and 3 mg/1 NO$_2$$\^$-/, there was an exposure duration-dependent increase in plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ over the 96-hr period reaching 6∼7 fold excess the ambient concentration. In the fish exposed to 10 mg/1, a plateau concentration of less than 2-fold of the environment was attained in 12 hr. With 30 mg/1, however, the maximal plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ was 41.25 mg/1 at 12 hr followed by a gradual decline. There was a concentration-dependent increase in methemoglobin (metHb) level in all NO$_2$$\^$-/ -exposed groups and a significant decrease in hematocrit value in 30 mg/l group after 96-hr exposure. Apart from the blunted increase in plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ with higher NO$_2$$\^$-/ (10 and 30 mg/1) exposure, the ratio of plasma NO$_3$$\^$-/ to NO$_2$$\^$-/ was signifirantly higher in these groups compared to 1 and 3 mg/1. The imbalance in the plasma NO$_3$$\^$-//NO$_2$$\^$-/ at higher NO$_2$$\^$-/ exposure suggests a possible accelerated conversion of NO$_2$$\^$-/ to NO$_3$$\^$-/. Nitrite exposure did not affect the hepatic drug-metabolic activities in juvenile Israeli carp. All these data indicate that disposition of NO$_2$- differ depending upon exposed concentration and that metHb production may not be the exclusive toxic mechanism in carp.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.640-645
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• 2004

An eight-week-old male ICR mouse, which was induced with acute alcohol and sub-acute alcohol poisoning condition, was administered with bohee tea(Camelia sinensis L) extract. Under the inducement of the sub-acute alcohol poisoning condition, no considerable differences could be found in the blood alcohol concentration of the positive control group and the bohee tea group(p<0.05). The GOT activity of the three groups: bohee tea, Drink, and Alcodex decreased than that of the normal control group(9.064±4.687 unit)(p<0.05). In addition, the blood GOT activity of the dark green tea group dropped by 81.44% compared with that of the positive control group. On the other hand, the blood GTP activity of the bohee tea group decreased by 5.2% as opposed to that of the positive control and the Drink that decreased by 7.5% as opposed to that of the positive control. The hepatic ADH activity of the bohee tea increased by 22.7%, as opposed to that of the positive control group. The Drink, however, had an increase rate of 33.6%. In the case of the hepatic ALDH activity of the liver, no significant differences were ever recorded among all groups, except for the positive control group. Due to an intake of bohee tea extract, the hepatic ALDH activity decreased by 77.27% which could not be seen in the positive control group. However, Drink and A1codex had a decrease could be seen(p<0.05).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.634-639
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• 2004

An eight-week-old male ICR mouse, which was induced with acute alcohol and sub-acute alcohol poisoning condition, was administered with bohee tea(Camelia sinensis L) extract. After oral administration of bohee tea and inducement of acute alcohol poisoning condition, the mouses blood alcohol concentration became as low as that of the normal control group. Its decrease rate was 87.26%, in comparison with that of the positive control group. Moreover, its blood GOT activity decreased with a rate of 93.1 % until it reached the normal level, as opposed to that of the positive control group. In addition, the GOT activity, despite rising after the alcohol intake, decreased(p<0.05) significantly after administration of each sample and reached the normal level. The bohee tea group experienced a significant decrease in the GOT activity, compared with the A1codex group and the Drink group. The GPT activity of the Alcodex group decreased by 11 % compared with that of the positive control group. The CTP activity of the bohee tea group decreased by 8.2%, while that of the Drink group decreased by 6.5%(P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the results in the control group and those of the test group. The bohee tea group's hepatic ADH activity increased by 22.7% compared with that of the positive control group. On the other hand, the hepatic ADH activity of the Drink group increased by 33.6% while that of the A1codex group increased by 20.4%. On the contrary, the bohee tea extract, the hepatic ALDH did not manifest any significant difference as compared with the normal control group. However, its decrease rate was about 16.67% as compared with that of the positive control group. The Drink group, meanwhile, obtained a decrease rate of about 21.59%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 1993

Effects of chronic administration of ginseng extracts (30 or 150 mg/kg/day for 52 days, p.o.) to mice on the activities of DT-diaphorase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver and the brain were studied. The DT-diaphorase activity in the liver was increased over 2-fold at the dose of both 30 and 150 mg/kg/day, while there was no change in the activity of the enzyme in the brain. The GST activity in the liver was increased in a dose-dependent fashion up to 142% of the control value at the dose of 150 mg/kg/day. while there was no change in the activity of the enzyme in the brain. The ginseng-induced increase in the activities of these hepatic phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of carcinogens, is suggested to underlie, at least in part, the anticarcinogenic activity of Panax ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1 s.34
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• pp.47-54
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• 1984

Effect of ascorbic acid on various hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), the microsomal . ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS), and catalase was quantitatively evaluated in liver microsomal and cytosolic preparation from Sprague-Dowley rats. In present study, ADH activities were no changed significantly by ascorbic acid. The MEOS activity, dependent on NADPH and $O_2$, was affected by azide (inhibitor of catalase) or exogenous catalase. In the presence of ascorbic acid, ethanol oxidation by rat liver microsomal preparation reacted with NADPH-generating system was increased by up to 22.5%, but decreased when liver microsome was reacted with $H_2O_2$ generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Increase in the activity of the MEOS in the presence of ascorbic acid was greater in liver microsomal preparation pretreated with azide. Also ascorbic acid oxidized ethanol nonenzymatically. This ethanol oxidation induced by ascorbic acid was inhibited by OH radical scavengers (thiourea, sodium benzoate), but was not much affected by superoxide dismutase. From these results it was suggested that ascorbic acidcould interact directly with the MEOS, then promote the oxidation of ethanol. And, to some extent, ${\cdot}OH$-radicals or other radicals generated during the spontaneous autooxidation of ascorbic acid may be responsible for the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol.