• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the protection of the extracts from four parts of deer antler in an anemia model induced by intravenous injection of phenylhydrazine·HCl (PHZ) at 10 mg/kg for 4 days. After PHZ injection, female Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated partial deer antler extract (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) daily for 1 week. Results showed that sever hemolysis was induced by PHZ. For antler extract-treated groups, the concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells number increased much more significantly than PHZ-treated group. Upper antler extract-treated group was more remarkable than other parts in suppressing the increase of reticulocyte in whole blood. Moreover, antler extract administration significantly improved serum erythropoietin concentration. The activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydrates (ALAD) in liver homogenate was increased in antler extract-treated groups, especially middle and base extract-treated groups showed statistical significance. These results could be concluded that the deer antler extract improved anemia induced by PHZ injection through improving hematological values, serum EPO value, ALAD enzyme activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.443-451
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• 2020

Recently, thrombotic diseases have become rapidly more prevalent due to Westernized lifestyles and high-fat diets. In this study, the anti-thrombosis activities of the aerial parts of Sageretia thea were evaluated using ethanol extracts of the leaf (ST-L), branch (ST-B), and fruit (ST-F), and their anti-coagulation, platelet aggregation inhibition, and hemolytic toxicity were assessed. In comparison to the ST-F extract, the ST-B exhibited 6.7 times more polyphenol content, and the ST-L had 2.7 times more total flavonoid content. The ST-L and ST-B extracts showed stronger inhibitions of thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors than aspirin, berry extracts, or commercial oriental herbs. Furthermore, ST-L and ST-B showed superior platelet aggregation-inhibitory activities than aspirin. The ST-F extract demonstrated only minor anti-thrombosis effects, and none of the extracts showed hemolysis against red blood cells up to 1 mg/ml. Phenolic acid and flavonoid analysis of the ST-L and ST-B extracts showed abundant rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin as the major active compounds. Further research on the anti-thrombotic activity of isoquercitrin, a rare flavonoid from quercetin, is necessary. This is the first report of isoquercitrin in Sageretia thea, and our results suggest that ST-L and ST-B extracts could therefore developed as anti-thrombosis agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.896-904
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the probiotic characteristics and immune activities of selected lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains as feed additives in livestock. 301 LAB strains isolated from traditional fermented foods were first assessed for their antibacterial activity potential. Of the 301 isolates, five showed antibacterial activity against five livestock pathogens (Esherichia coli KCCM11234, Listeria monocytogens KCTC3710, Salmonella Typhimurium KCTC1926, Staphylococcus aureus KCCM11593, and Shigella flexneri KCTC2517). The probiotic characteristics of the five selected strains were also investigated by antioxidative activity, hemolysis, bile salt hydrolase, acid resistance and bile tolerance. The SRCM102607 strain was found to have superior probiotic properties and was selected for further experimentation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that SRCM102607 is Pediococcus acidilactici, which was labeled as P. acidilactici SRCM102607 (KCCM 12246P). The survival characteristics of P. acidilactici SRCM102607 in artificial gastrointestinal conditions were assessed under exposed acidic (pH 2.0) and bile (0.5% and 1.0%) conditions. P. acidilactici SRCM102607 was also confirmed to have resistance to various antibiotics, including amikacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and etc. The TNF-α production by P. acidilactici SRCM102607 was 171.86±4.00 ng/ml. These results show that P. acidilactici RCM102607 has excellent potential for use as a probiotic livestock feed additive.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 1990

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rH IL-2) wre studied in the rat. First, different doses of rH IL-2 ranging from 6,400 to 1,600,000 U/kg were injected intravenously and the effect of dose size on the pharmacokinetics was examined. There was no dose dependency in the pharmacokinetics of rHIL-2 in the dose range of 6,400-40,000 U/kg. But at the dose of 1,600,000 U/kg, there was a severe hemolysis throughout the experiment and the pharmacokinetic parameters such as Vdss and CLt were significantly increased compared to those obtained from lower doses. It also showed that this drug is hardly distributed to the peripheral tissues and hardly eliminated from the body, since the valume of distribution (Vdss) and total body clearance (CLt) were 45-75 ml/kg and 1-2 ml/min/kg, respectively. The Vdss is close to the actual plasma volume and the CLt is less than glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Therefore it seemed that rH IL-2 is distributed only in the plasma pool and hardly filtered in the kidney due to its very large molecular weight. Second, rH IL-2 was administered to the rat via several routes such as hepatic portal vein (PV), intraperitoneal (IP), peroral (PO) and intranasal (IN) routes. The bioavailabilities (BA) of PV, IP, PO and IN routes were 96.8, 4.9, 0 and 0.1%, respectively. The addition of some nasal absorption enhancers such as taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate, glycocholate and glycodeoxycholate did not increase the BA of intranasaly administered rH IL-2. The result is contrast to the effect of these bile salts on the nasal absorption of ${\alpha}-inteferon$. Considering it together with the pharmacokinetic parameters, very large molecular weight of rH IL-2 seemed again to be the cause to very poor membrane permeability.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.387-394
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• 2009

This study was carried out to screen and identify the chitinase and chitosanase producing microorganisms from the feces of calves medicated DFM sincluding chitin in order to do the immune fortification of Korean Native calves. Ten isolates were grown in the medium containing chitin and chitosan that had more than $10^5$ cfu/g in feces. Among these 10 strains, 2 strains (HANDI 110 and HANDI 309) had the chitinase activities and 2 strains (HANWOO and HANYOO) had the chitosanase activities in calves' feces. They showed no reaction in hemolysis tests by utilizing chitin and chitosan. The results from morphological, physicochemical and genetical identification indicated the HANDI 110 as a strain of Escherichia fergusonii, HANDI 309 was identified as a strain of Acinetobacter parvus, HANWOO was identified as a strain of Comamonas koreensis, and HANYOO as a strain of Chryseobacterium indologenes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1400-1408
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• 2016

The black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is belong to the Grossulariaceae family, and has piquant berries, which can be eaten as raw or as processed foods, such as jams, jelly, juice and syrups. In this study, the fresh juice of black currant (FJBC) from Austria and its subsequent organic solvent fractions, such as hexane fraction, ethylacetate (EA) fraction, butanol fraction and water residue, were prepared and their in-vitro anti-oxidant, anti-coagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activities were evaluated. The FJBC and EA fraction, which has concentrated polyphenol and flavonoid, showed strong radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The $RC_{50}s$ of EA fraction against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, nitrite were 136.3, 66.2 and $115.5{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, those are 1/10, 1/16, and 1/7.7 of $RC_{50}s$ of vitamin C. In anti-coagulation assay, the FJBC, EA and butanol fraction showed significant inhibitory activities against thrombin, prothrombin and coagulation factors. Furthermore, the anti-platelet aggregation activities of EA and butanol fraction were the stronger than that of aspirin. The concentrations required for 50% platelet aggregation inhibition of aspirin, EA and butanol fraction were 0.395, 0.192 and 0.261 mg/ml, respectively. The EA and butanol fraction have no hemolysis activities up to 0.5 mg/ml against human red blood cells. The results suggest that the FJBC and its EA and butanol fraction have high potentials as novel anti-thrombosis agents. This report provides the first evidence of anti-thrombosis activity of black currant.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1994

A total of 8 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in land-marine tank system of Kyongnam and Kyongbuk. Prefecture were tested for the biological and biochemical characteristics. These strains were isolated from pathologic specimens of cultured flounder. Paralichthys olivaceus. Growth of the isolates was good on BHIA, HIA. Staphylococcus No. 110 and ETGP. Growth was good at NaCl concentration between 2.0 and 3.0%, about $30^{\circ}C$ and at pH values about 7.0. DNase and coagulase production were negative, and all isolates except FSJ-2 strain were positive in hemolysis. Urease was positive reaction, and novobiocin resistance was negative. Acid was produced anaerobically from glucose and maltose. All isolates except FSJ-19 strain produced weakly were negative in anaerobic acid production from mannitol. Acid was produced aerobically from glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and dextrine. But all isolates were not gas production. In characterization of clinically isolates, four different biotype codes were obtained when the all isolated were tested simultaneously. Four different antibiotic susceptibility patterns were obtained. On the basis of these characteristics, the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.260-268
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• 2016

The aim of this work was to investigate the cellular responses and proteomic analysis of Bacillus cereus MH-2 exposed to EGCG. Strain MH-2 was isolated from commercial Ssamjang and has the hemolytic activity. Survival of the MH-2 strain with time in the presence of different concentrations of EGCG under sublethal conditions was monitored. The amount of alginate from MH-2 strain decreased depending on the increasing concentrations of EGCG and increased depending on the exposure time at any particular EGCG concentration. Analysis of SDS-PAGE and Western blot using anti-DnaK and anti-GroEL revealed that two stress shock proteins, 70 kDa DnaK and 60 kDa GroEL were found to decrease in proportion to the EGCG concentration in exponentially growing cultures. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the presence of protrusions and fused rod forms on the cells treated with EGCG. 2-DE of soluble protein fractions from MH-2 cultures showed 20 protein spots changed by EGCG exposure. These proteins involved in enterotoxins (hemolysin BL lytic component L1 and hemolysin BL-binding protein), chaperons (DnaK and GroEL), cell defense (peptidase M4 family proteins), and various biosynthesis and energy metabolism were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF. These results provide clues for understanding the mechanism of EGCG-induced stress and cytotoxicity on B. cereus MH-2.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1992

We conducted screening on Chinese medicinal herbs to examine their anti-complementary activity by hemolytic complementary assay $(TCH_{50})$. Among 55 kinds of herbs, several herbs showed relatively potent anti-complementary activity which decreased $TCH_{50}$, more than 70% in comparison with control. Then, hot water extracts of the following herbs, Curcuma aromatica, Areca catechu, Gleditsiae spina, Euonymus alata, Acanthopanax senticous. Lonicera japonica, Aconitum carmichaeli, Curcuma zedoaria and Cinnamoum cassia, which were shown relatively potent anti-complementary activity were partially purified and analyzed their chemical properties. These activities were resistant to digestion with pronase but decreased by treatment with $NaIO_4$. These results may indicate that the complement activating ability in their herbs is due to polysaccharide. Furthermore, the anti-complementary activity of Areca catechu which was showed the most potent activity, was reduced partially in the absence of the $Ca^{++}\;ion$. After incubation of the normal human serum with partially purified polysaccharide of A. catechu in the absence of $Ca^{++}\;ion$, a cleavage of C3 in the serum was found to have occurred through immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit anti-human C3 serum. These results indicate that the mode of complement activation by polysaccharide of A. catechu is via both the alternative and classical pathway.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.664-669
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• 2004

The contamination of Bacillus cereus was investigated in 240 RTE (ready-to-eat) food samples including 118 seafoods, 82 Korean packaged meals and 40 other RTE foods. Many B. cereus presumptive strains were isolated from the enrichment culture in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) added polymyxin, followed by selective culture in Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar and Gram staining. A total of 36 strains (16 in seafoods, 17 in Korean pack-aged meals and 3 in other RTE foods) were identified as B. cereus by the analysis of 61 biochemical tests of the API 50CHB/20E system test and supplementary tests of $\beta$-hemolysis, rhizoid growth, motility and oxidase activity. The 28 strains out of 36 B. cereus isolates produced diarrhoeal enter-otoxin in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin antibiotics, and most of them were susceptible to gentamicin, vancomycin, bacitracin, chloram-phenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin. The growth of B. cereus was affected by environmental temperature and incubation time. Culture with temperature under 1$0^{\circ}C$ effectively restricted the growth of B. cereus.