• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1998

It is common in foreign countries to make a compensative plan for environmental destruction which is caused by development action even in where development is permitted. But, in Korea, environmental plan was regarded as just meeting the legal standard of green area in site development. This study focused on the case of university project, LG village plan, is to evaluate the environment of the site using Hemeroby and suggested restoration plan in compensation for the destructive. The site was a huge development area of apartment located in Suwon. First of all, we evaluated the site using Hemeroby and compared this with LG village plan. Then, we made a compensative plan for the environmental destruction which was not compensated in LG village plan. The results were as follows; $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby of the Site was 80.1% before the development and, after the development, $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby of the site dropped to 43.7％ and meta-hemeroby increased from 56.3% to 17％. Therefore, we could accept the buildings of LG village development plan and suggested a compensative plan with which we could raise $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby like restoring the river, greening parking-lots and rooftops, revegetating cut slope.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate naturalness of botanical garden pre- and post-assessed according to the Hemeroby Index in the case study of Daegok Botanical Garden. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The results of the site analysis according to the Hemeroby Index before development have been appeared that highest of poly/meta-hemeroby is 45.8% and the next of meso-hemeroby is 28.3%. 2) After development, the highest of meso-hemeroby is 53.6% and the next of $\alpha$ -euhemeroby is 28.3%. Generally, it is considered that the naturalness according to Hemeroby Indx was lasted higher after development than that before development. 3) Both a-hemeroby and oligo-hemeroby are not appeared before and after development. $\alpha$ -euhemeroby and meta-hemeroby are not appeared before development, but htey increased as much as 16.8% and 6.8% after development. Most of all, the increase of meta-hemeroby after development results from the increase of the artificial facilities (e.g. pavements, buildings and so on). 4) Specially, through the modification of play ground, park lot, pavement classified to meta-hemeroby, it is considered that the Hemeroby Index would be improved. 5) Compared with existing naturalness grade of green space, it has merits to apply Hemeroby Index, especially as a menas of distinguised naturalness assessment in various land use pattern. But there is no clear evidence that limits the minimum size that could be applied with Hemeroby Index. So, we must discuss whether it was useful to apply this standard to such a small specific space as the site of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

This study evaluated the degree of interaction between the people and the environment using perceived naturalness measure. The seventh-grade index of Hemeroby was divided into subclasses of land cover according to degrees of human influence. The grade was standardized for each indicator to evaluate the current state of urban parks in Seoul by applying probability density function and weight. User evaluation was conducted on six distinctive parks selected. In the results, three implications were found between spatial evaluation according to the perceived naturalness. First, park users evaluated highly for the spaces such as broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and mixed forest evaluated highly in the Hemeroby grade index. Park users generally recognized that various types of trees in the area had high naturalness. The density of trees is one of the factors in perceived naturalness. Second, water spaces were highly evaluated for naturalness in the Hemeroby grade index. However, the perceived naturalness of water spaces such as inland wetlands, pond and reservoir evaluated in various ways depending on environmental conditions around the park. Third, perceived naturalness is easily evaluated through vertical landscape elements such as trees rather than horizontal landscapes such as grassland. The perceived naturalness is similar to the naturalness evaluation using land cover. However the study found the perceived naturalness for a specific space was different from the Hemeroby index. Perceived naturalness by the user includes the content that the individual sees, hears, and experiences. Park users are usually structuring naturalness through evaluating the value of urban green spaces based on personal perception. Therefore there is no absolute standard criterion for evaluating the naturalness of urban green spaces. A deeper study is needed that considers user bundles or user groups with conflicting interests on the perceived naturalness in urban parks. These studies will be essential data on the direction of naturalness urban park service should provide.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.92-106
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify land use types and to develop and evaluate biotope maps for Gangseo-Gu (ward) in Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea, using the Degree of Hemeroby. Hemeroby is a measurement concept or tool to assess the magnitude of human impact on ecosystems. Gangseo-Gu is the second largest Gu in Busan and is under strong development pressure. Before the field survey, biotopes were pre-classified based on digital maps, aerial photos and high-resolution satellite images. The method employed in biotope survey and mapping was adopted from the modified method used in Seoul, which carried out the first biotope mapping in Korea in 2000. In the field survey, a comprehensive biotope mapping method was used. The results showed that the total surface area of biotopes in Gangseo-gu was $172,620,207m^2$(42,655 acres) and there were 29 biotope types with 13,631 polygons. The ratio of urban or built-up area 22.6% and the remaining areas were forest and open spaces, of which 22.6% were actual forest areas and 35.6% were paddy fields and other field areas. The Hemeroby Index of Gangseo-gu was 54.7, which suggests that Gangseo-gu has not yet been developed extensively and needs a long-term conservation and coordinated development plan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

The main focus of this research is the establishment of a systemic evaluation model based on objective evaluation indices, which are drawn to assess the experiencing of nature and recreational value at the level of the district unit. First of all, as a result of a literature review, a total of 10 indices can be drawn including vegetation structure, pavement rate, and hemeroby to evaluate an assessment of natural experiences and recreational value. Also, as a result of expert survey analysis, all evaluation index items were above 4.4, which is a high importance average. Hemeroby and unique landscape factor items in particular were above 5.8, which is very high. In addition, as a result of implementing a factor analysis to classify evaluation indices according to characteristics, three factors arise: 'landscape structure and quality of natural experience', 'typical availability', and 'quality of aesthetic and visual sense.' Based on the above survey analysis results, the 'quality of aesthetic and visual sense' was the highest, at 3.510. The classification 'landscape structure and quality of natural experience' was the lowest, at 3.035. A systemic value evaluation model was established by comprehensively analyzing these results. To verify the validity of the evaluation model drawn, real sites are selected and applied. First of all, as a result of a biotope types classification of sites, biotope type groups are classified into a total of 13 including the stream biotope while its subordinate biotope types are classified into a total of 61 groups. Lastly, as a result of biotope value evaluation, which was a previously established evaluation model, there are a total of 16 types including vegetation-abundant natural rivers and small-scale woodlands near forests in grade I. There are 9 types in grade II, 8 in grade III, 8 in grade IV, 19 in the least-valuable grade V.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 1999

낙산복원사업 대상지의 생태계 회복을 위한 계획수립의 기초자료로 사용하기 위하여 부지 내 식생조사를 통해 자연환경을 평가하였다 현존식생도 녹지자연도 및 Hemeroby 등급을 통해 자연성을 평가한 결과 많은 면적이 산림으로서의 기능을 상실한 인공화된 지역이었다. 식생이 존재하는 지역 중 산림의 형태를 유지한 지역은 아까시나무군락을 유지하고 있었고 기타 지역은 휴경지, 논.밭 잡초군락이며 동시에 ruderal 식물군락으로 판명되었다. 성과주변에 식재한 수목은 총 67종 1,243개체였으며 그중 자생종이 27종(40.3%) 544개체(43.8%)였고 도입종과 귀화종 재배종이 각각 17%, 8.8%, 15.4%로 나타났다. 생활형 분석에서는 1,2년생 초본식물이 47%를 차지하였고 귀화율은 24.1%로 나타나 매우 불안정하고 교란된 환경인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2005

This study was carried out to offer the raw data on conservation of land and natural environment by constructing groups of indicators to objectively and rationally assess the sustainable natural ecosystem and present the direction for establishing and planning the environmental policy. There were selected that four assessment items were biotic, abiotic, qualitative, and functional factor. And there were extracted fifty-six indicators including density, total nitrogen, hemeroby degree, and goods production. As assessment items and indicators were over 0.6, the design of questionnaire showed no great problem. In the results of correlation analysis of assessment indicators, sociality and dominance was highly correlative in biotic factor, soil property and aspect in abiotic factor, naturalized and urbanized index in qualitative factor, and protection of landslide and soil erosion were too correlative. In the results of deciding the dimension by multidimensional scaling, as stress values were from 0.042 to 0.133, index of fit over 0.9, there no statistical problems. In case of X axis, biotic factor was structure, viewpoint in abiotic factor, composition in qualitative factor, and object in functional factor, and Y axis was shaped Into form, range, structure, and activity.