• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.189-192
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• 2016

The virus neutralization (VN) test was used to determine potency of the infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine. The results of VN, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared with those of the IBV M41. The $r^2$ values between VN and HI titers and the ELISA antibody titer were 0.8782 and 0.0336, respectively, indicating a high correlation between VN and HI, but not VN and ELISA. The Cohen's kappa coefficient between the VN titer of 2 $log_{10}$ and HI titer of 5 $log_2$ was 0.909. Our results showed that VN could be replaced with HI for testing the potency of IBV M41.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the similarity between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) titers and sample to positive ratio (S/P ratio) of Newcastle disease(ND) virus. To perform this study, the 372 sera of broiler chicks and 120 sera of layers and breed chicks were collected from slaughter house and farms, respectively. As a result of HI test out of different chicks, the positive percentage of ND antibody titer of broiler, layer and breeder, when a standard positive HI titer were '2', was 84.4%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The positive percentage of ND antibody titer by ELISA was shown 38.4%, 100% and 100% and S/P ratio were also shown 81.5%, 98.2% and 99.2%, respectively. The results of comparative survey with same sera by two experimental methods were as follows; In low HI titer, ELISA titer was not similar to HI titer, but S/P ratio was similar to it. In high HI titer, ELISA titer was not similar to HI titer. Therefore, HI titer was more similar to S/P ratio than ELISA titer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the similarity between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), the HI titer and mean ratio S/P ratio) of avian influenza virus. To perform this study, the 1,457 sera of layers 21 farms in May, July and September, respectively. As a result of HI test, positive rates were 480 to 422 (92.1%) in May, 494 to 394(79.8%) in July and 483 to 402(83.2%) in September, and the mean antibody titer were 4.6, 4.3, 4.0 to 0.3 decreased, respectively. The positive rates by ELISA, 480 to 475(99.0%) in May, 494 to 485(98.2%) in July, 483 to 472(97.7%) in September, and the mean S/P ratio were 2.319, 2.557 and 2.380, respectively. The result of HI test and ELISA positive 480 to 422(92.1%), 475(99.0%), 494 to 394(79.8%), 485(98.2%) and 483 to 402(83.2%), 472(97.7%). Therefore, ELISA was shown more sensitive compare the HI titers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2001

Hemagglutination inhibition(HI) titers of Newcastle disease(ND) were measured to investigate the vaccination times on three different species of broiler chicks in Chonbuk province. Each 330 of Cobb, Ross and White-semi broiler chicks were selected from 11 broiler farms. The primary vaccine were sprayed in hatchery at one day old chicks. Secondary and tertiary vaccine were used by drinking water at 7 to 24 days old chicks. The ND antibody titer were measured by HI from each different species of broiler chicks at the marketing date. Total average HI titers of Cobbs vaccinated with primary ones, secondary and tertiary ones were recorded 1.86, 1.52 and 2.76, respectively. The antibody titers were shown to 2.22, 2.13, 3.07 in terms of vaccination of Ross broiler chicks. They were also 2.56, 2.65 and 2.78 in terms of vaccination of White-semi broiler chicks. The value HI titer were not statistically different of all treatments. The results of this experiment suggested that HI titer of sera is scored less than defensive value of ND antibody titer at more than two times of vaccination.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.435-439
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• 2008

We evaluated the patterns of serology and fecal viral shedding for any differences by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and real-time PCR on Korean CPV-2 isolates (CPV-2a-I, CPV-2a-V and CPV-2b). We successfully detected fecal viral shedding from samples extracted 2-3 d.p.i., regardless of the onset of clinical signs. In addition, the pattern of viral shedding differed depending on the CPV-2 isolates used for inoculation. We also observed differences in the serological pattern that was also depended on the CPV-2 isolates inoculated. The onset and amount of fecal viral shedding were not correlated with the level of antibody titers in this study. Our study is a valuable resource for understanding the different pathobiology of the CPV-2 isolates and the correlation between the patterns of serum antibody titer and fecal viral shedding.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1998

This study was performed to verify the effect of modified live virus vaccine against canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. Serum hemagglutination inhibition (Hl) test, histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques and polymerase chain reaction were used. The results were as follows: 1. During the experimental terms after vaccination, serum Hl titer was stable. Geometric mean titer (GMT) after the 1st vaccination was 280. After virulent CPV was challenged, GMT was 1,306. 2. After challenge by virulent CPV, the vaccinated group was not shown clinical signs and gross and histopathological findings. 3. After challenge by virulent CPV, the vaccinated group was not detected viral antigens in the small intestine immunohistochemically. 4. After challenge by violent CPV, the vaccinated group was not shown virus shedding in feces. In conclusions the overall results confirmed that modified live virus vaccine was effective on prevention of canine parvovirus infection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1960-1965
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• 2015

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is highly contagious and often causes fatal disease that affects both wild and domestic rabbits of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus. A highly pathogenic RHDV variant (RHDVa) has been circulation in the Korean rabbit population since 2007 and has a devastating effect on the rabbit industry in Korea. A highly pathogenic RHDVa was isolated from naturally infected rabbits, and the gene encoding the VP60 protein was cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector and expressed in insect cells. The hemagglutination titer of the Sf-9 cell lysate infected with recombinant VP60 baculovirus was 131,072 units/50 μl and of the supernatant 4,096 units/50 μl. Guinea pigs immunized twice intramuscularly with a trial inactivated RHDVa vaccine containing recombinant VP60 contained 2,152 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) geometric mean titers. The 8-week-old white rabbits inoculated with one vaccine dose were challenged with a lethal RHDVa 21 days later and showed 100% survival rates. The recombinant VP60 protein expressed in a baculovirus system induced high HI titers in guinea pigs and rendered complete protection, which led to the development of a novel inactivated RHDVa vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2010

The results from a total of 412 blood samples consisted of 187 samples from regular visiting group (RV), 94 samples from first visiting group (FV), 52 samples from abandoned group (A), 54 samples from special breeder group (SB), and 25 samples from preliminary breeder group (PB) showed that RV(94.7%) and SB(88.9%) groups had the higher levels of protective antibody, but PB (36.0%) group revealed the lowest level. Among 96 blood samples with lower protective antibody levels, 14 samples (14.6%), 72 samples (75.0%) and 10 samples (10.4%) were below the protective antibody levels to distemper/parvo-virus, distemper only and parvovirus only, respectively. These results implied that antibody to parvovirus was well generated than that to distemper. Eighty six samples (20.9%) showed the protective antibody titer under 1:96 to distemper and 24 samples (5.8%), the protective antibody titer under 1:40 to parvovirus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2023

Despite regular vaccinations, equine influenza virus (EIV) and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (strangles) are the cause of highly contagious respiratory infections in horses. Many recent studies have reported that the concurrent administration of two vaccines could simplify horse management and minimize veterinary expenses. However, there is little information available regarding the efficacy of concurrent vaccinations against EIV and strangles. In this study, we evaluated EIV-specific antibody responses following the single EIV vaccination with the recombinant viral-vectored EIV vaccine or concurrent vaccination with the EIV and inactivated strangles vaccines. Blood samples were collected at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8 weeks post-immunization (wpi) from each group. EIV-specific antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Both single and concurrent vaccination showed similar levels of EIV-specific serum immunoglobulin g (IgG) at 1 and 2 wpi. However, at 4 to 8 wpi, the EIV-only vaccination group showed significantly higher serum IgG levels than those from the concurrently vaccinated group. The HAI titers showed similar trends as the ELISA data, except at 8 wpi when both groups presented HAI titers with no significant differences. These data demonstrate that the concurrent vaccination against EIV and strangles could compromise the humoral immune response to equine influenza between vaccination intervals, which suggests the use of the consecutive vaccination protocol for EIV and strangles rather than concurrent vaccination.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2001

To study the immunomodulatory effect of aquapuncture with canine parvovirus killed vaccine, the vaccine was inoculated into the dogs twice with on 2-week interval. The 6 dogs in the experimental group were inoculated through the Jiao-Chao acupoint, and 5 dogs in the control group were done subcutaneously. The antibody titer was determined by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The HI titers of the experimental group showed significantly higher on days 21 and 28 than those of the control group. The biochemical test on serum total protein, protein fractions and the A/G ration showed a slightly increased in $\gamma$-globulin on days 21 and 28. The hematological findings on total leukocytes and differential counts showed no significance. It was thought that the aquapuncture of the canine parvovirus killed vaccine through the Jiao-Cho acupoint may stimulate the antibody production.