• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to head injuries among drivers of personal mobility devices and provide insights into safety perceptions. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data of 221 trauma patients obtained from electronic medical records and the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) over one year, from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. The patients, all in their 20s and 30s, presented to a single emergency medical center following personal mobility device accidents (motorcycles, electric scooters, and bicycles). Results: Among motorcycle riders, 18.2% were not wearing helmets, while the percentage of e-scooter riders not wearing helmets was 87.5%. Wearing a helmet was associated with a 71.2% lower likelihood of head injuries (OR=0.288, CI=0.163 to 0.509, p=0.000). Of the personal mobility devices, motorcycles had a 0.431 times lower odds ratio for head injury compared to e-scooters (p=0.009), and there was no significant difference between e-scooters and bicycles (p=0.776). Conclusion: It is imperative to strengthen safety regulations by mandating helmet use for riders of personal mobility devices. A system to enhance driving enforcement for electric scooters, which are increasingly popular among young adults, should also be established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.36-42
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• 2023

In this study, 50 ABE-type hard hats were procured from five certified commercial manufacturers, and shock absorption tests were conducted in accordance with Protective Equipment Safety Certification Notice No. 2020-35. The tests were performed under both high- and low-temperature conditions, adhering to safety helmet testing standards. The highest shock transmission ranges were recorded in the tests, with an average energy range of 2,600-4,108 N at high temperatures and 2,316-3,991 N at low temperatures. All five hard hat models demonstrated a maximum transmitted impact force below 4,450 N, without any loss of cap and attachment functionality, confirming their compliance with performance standards. Furthermore, we evaluated the side impact performance of the safety helmets of each company, with an average range of 4,722-5,267 N. Company A exhibited the lowest measurement at 4,722 N. Comparing these results with international safety standards and the national shock absorption test criteria, it was observed that the maximum transmitted shock value using government-specified impact weight falls within the range of 4,450-5,000 N. However, it was noted that developed countries have established specific standards for the side impact forces on safety helmets, which are legally mandated. Consequently, it is imperative for South Korea to enhance its safety helmet side impact performance test methodology to align with domestic standards in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 1999

To analyze the impulsive response of a motorcycle helmet, a simulation is performed using the finite element method. Based upon the simulation result, an equivalent one degree of freedom vibrational system is adapted, and transient impulsive responses are analysed to investigate the influence of engineering parameters such as damping, natural frequency, and impact velocity on the impulsive response of the helmet. Maximum gravitational acceleration reduces as the damping factor value increases. When the damping factor value is around 0.6 or larger, the maximum acceleration does not change. With respect to the natural frequency and the impact velocity, it increases linearly. The relationship between head injury criterion(HIC) and maximum gravitational acceleration is also presented. The scheme of this study is expected to be utilized to economize the design process of high quality motorcycle helmets.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.2104-2105
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• 2008

작업자들이 현장에서 착용하는 안전모는 안전모 본연의 기능 때문에 통풍의 제한을 받게 된다. 이로 인해 작업자들은 작업 시 많은 땀을 흘리게 되며 작업자들이 흘리는 땀은 머리받침 끈과 머리고정대등에 흡수되어 각종세균을 번식하게 되고 이로 인해 냄새가 나게 된다. 최근 들어 원적외선 방사율이 뛰어난 천연소재들이 개발되고 있으며 원적외선은 항균과 탈취능력이 탁월한 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 상기 나열된 문제점을 해소하기 위하여 상온에서 원적외선 방사율이 높은 소재와 수분의 흡,배출 능력이 뛰어난 소재를 사용하여 안전모내부의 냄새와 세균번식을 줄이는 방안을 제시 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.27-50
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• 1986

The military uniform is worn to defend against enemy. Its function has an important effect on its changing. As once the means of combat was the collective formation, soldiers fought with swords and bows, or on horses. After the invention of gun powder, however, it became changed to the scattering formation. Therefore, it became impossible to fight on great armors any more. the armors and helmets made of iron, used light, materials, became those of Doosuingab (豆錫鱗甲), Soejagab(鎖子甲), Pigab(皮甲), Jigab(紙甲). The Doojunggab(頭釘甲) which presented a grand appearance came into existence. At last the Chullic and GooGoonbok made of clothing were worn. Korean military uniform were influenced by Chines military uniform. Korean armors had an influence on Japanese. As follows, I will study on Chinese and Korean armors with the changes of the times.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate not only the change and characterisitics of armours design, item, and material but also the social change which was represented them from the ancient to the middle age. The result of the study as follows : 1. In the ancient, a painting tattoing, and scar had used to express a threating attitude or fear instead of armour. Also the natural material including leather and fur had used for armour's material and it caused by their life style. 2. The change of war method and appearance of new arms introduced the various kinds of armours, helmets, materials, etc. 3. In various parts of Europe, armour's design and material were indicated similar character. 4. Armour's color and a flag were used by a means that distinguish between region and nation.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

In order to protect the head, baseball helmet must to have proper strength and to absorb the kinetic energy. The purposes of this study are to validate whether the helmet have the protecting ability or not. We performed three kinds of experiment to know about the this ability. To find out the limit of displacement at 4 points(front, rear, right side, and left side), the static load by magnetic dial gauges were used, and to validate the ability of absorption, drop tests were peformed from 0.5 and 1.0 meter. Futhermore, we calculated natural frequency of the helmets by the principle of Lissajous Diagram and we performed FEM(Finite Element Method) analysis. From the results of these experiments, we found that the displacement of helmet was largest at rear point and it was smallest at left-side point(ear-covered part). The ability of absorption was better at the left-side point than the other points.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the impact factors of bicycle driving under the influence (DUI) among Korean adults. The participants were 1,297 Korean adults. The prevalence of bicycle DUI was 11.7% of Korea adults. The factors affecting bicycle DUI were gender, education level, frequency of drinking, one-time drinking, vehicle DUI. To prevent bicycle DUI, we would need to facilitate appropriate drinking habits, provide treatments for disorders related to alcohol use, and change the social perception of bicycle DUI. Also, we should promote the establishment of the culture of bicycle helmet use, the establishment of a system that imposes fine to non-helmet-using riders, and education and publicity on the national level to recognize that bicycle DUI and DUI are mutually related.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.302-309
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• 2022

Occupational safety accidents are caused by various factors, and it is difficult to predict when and why they occur, and it is directly related to the lives of workers, so the interest in safety accidents is increasing every year. Therefore, in order to reduce safety accidents at industrial fields, workers are required to wear personal protective equipment. In this paper, we proposes a method to automatically check whether workers are wearing safety helmets among the protective equipment in the industrial field. It detects whether or not the helmet is worn using YOLOv5, a computer vision-based deep learning object detection algorithm. We transfer learning the s model among Yolov5 models with different learning rates and epochs, evaluate the performance, and select the optimal model. The selected model showed a performance of 0.959 mAP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2023

This paper investigates the applicability of movable sensors that can be attached to hard hats to protect construction site safety management to prevent safety accidents based on accident case studies in the field of construction engineering and the gas sensors currently used in construction sites. We would like to propose MQ-2, a standard Arduino gas sensor.