• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The industrial safety helmets are personal protective equipment (PPE), used to protect the head against falls from a height. This study indicated the necessity of wearing a safety helmet while working at heights below 4 m, through analysis of fall accidents occurring in the industrial field. The stress, displacement, and strain of the safety helmet shell structure have been analyzed using the finite element method with various thicknesses, engineering plastics, and designs. It was preferred that the safety helmet shell structure had a reinforcement frame of uniform thickness in terms of increased impact strength and strain energy absorption rate. The thickness can be reduced to lighten the total weight for workers wearing safety helmets.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2022

With the recent expansion of electric kickboards and bicycle sharing services, more and more people use them. In addition, the rapid growth of the delivery business due to the COVID-19 has significantly increased the use of two-wheeled vehicles and personal mobility. As the accident rate increases, the rule related to the two-wheeled vehicles is changed to 'mandatory helmets for kickboards and single-person transportation' and was revised to prevent boarding itself without driver's license. In this paper, we propose a wearable smart safety equipment, called SafetyHelmet, that can keep helmet-wearing duty and lower the accident rate with the communication between helmets and mobile devices. To make this function available, we propose a safe driving assistance function by notifying the driver when an object that interferes with driving such as persons or other vehicles are detected by applying the YOLO v5 object detection algorithm. Therefore it is intended to provide a safer driving assistance by reducing the failure rate to identify dangers while driving single-person transportation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

A safety helmet is considered the last gear to protect workers from harmful and dangerous events occurring on industrial sites. Recently, interest in the importance of personal protective equipment design reflecting individual characteristics has been emphasized to improve usability and convenience. However, it has been found that if it is inconvenient to wear or has poor work efficiency, it will not be used well or will be used incorrectly. In this study, an investigation was performed with 35 questions, direct observation, and intensive interviews of construction workers to determine the inconvenience and problems of wearing safety helmets. Moreover, managers of 9 construction sites in 6 cities were asked about the performance and design of safety helmets. As a positive answer, it was found that the brim (awning) of the safety helmet was shortened to give the safety glasses a light-shielding function. In addition, an upward adjustment all-in-one type safety helmet was requested. On the other hand, it was revealed that negative answers felt uncomfortable due to the brim (awning) on the front of the helmet. Based on the survey results, a new helmet model suitable for construction site activities was presented, and wearability improvement determinants were discovered through performance and design improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1128-1141
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• 2022

Due to increased interest in safety in sports, leisure, industries, and daily life; the demand for products that protect the head is increasing. As a preparatory study for the development of head protection for head injury prevention, this study analyzed patents and utility models related to head protection products such as industrial safety helmets, vehicle helmets, and sports protection gear. For this study, 368 patents and utility models for head protection products searched through WipsOn were selected and analyzed by application year, function, application, protection area, main material, and subject. From the analytic results of this study, the quantitative and qualitative flow and characteristics of developing technology related to head protection products were identified. Through the trend of current technology, it provided data to seek the development direction in the future. The significance of this study is to secure objective data to establish a road map for creating new Intellectual Property for head protection products.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.289-294
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• 2002

This paper presents first results of an interdisciplinary research project for the development of an "intelligent" welding helmet. Contrary to conventional welding helmets the system allows a detailed observation both of the welding process and the environment. By methods of virtual and augmented reality additional information can be supplied to the welder. The system can be used for welding preparation, welding process observation and quality assurance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.9 s.109
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• pp.143-156
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in military uniform design according to the type of war in history and to suggest factors to be considered when designing military uniforms. Military uniform in this study has been limited to uniforms of land active soldiers and not only includes battle dress but also bombproof helmets, combat boots and webbing systems. Western military uniform was investigated starting from World War I focusing on the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and the Soviet Union, and Korean military uniform was analyzed starting from the Korean Day of Independence. Historical research, case studies and in-depth interviews were included in the study. World War I was a trench war. Khaki colors began to be used in battle dress, and steel helmets and gas masks were invented. World War II was a full-stale war. Many kinds of uniform were designed with various environments and roles of soldiers in mind, and camouflage was adopted in military uniform. Modern wars were wars of technique. Strong protectors were invented and diverse camouflages were adopted as rifles became increasingly accurate and biochemical weapons started to be used. Korea referred largely to the uniforms of the United States because it lacked both information on war and the financial power to invest in development of military uniforms. Finally, this study presents 5 factors to be considered when designing military uniforms: protection, camouflage, mobile and utility convenience, compatibility and symbolism. Wars of the future are predicted to be information wars utilizing realtime information collected through computers. Therefore new military uniforms with computers, communication devices and strong protective capacities need to be developed. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for designing military uniforms of the future.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2015

Purpose We conducted a study on the reconstruction of the head's shape in 3D using the ToF depth sensor. A time-of-flight camera (ToF camera) is a range imaging camera system that resolves distance based on the known speed of light, measuring the time-of-flight of a light signal between the camera and the subject for each point of the image. The above method is the safest way of measuring the head shape of plagiocephaly patients in 3D. The texture, appearance and size of the head were reconstructed from the measured data and we used the SDF method for a precise reconstruction. Materials and Methods To generate a precise model, mesh was generated by using Marching cube and SDF. Results The ground truth was determined by measuring 10 people of experiment participants for 3 times repetitively and the created 3D model of the same part from this experiment was measured as well. Measurement of actual head circumference and the reconstructed model were made according to the layer 3 standard and measurement errors were also calculated. As a result, we were able to gain exact results with an average error of 0.9 cm, standard deviation of 0.9, min: 0.2 and max: 1.4. Conclusion The suggested method was able to complete the 3D model by minimizing errors. This model is very effective in terms of quantitative and objective evaluation. However, measurement range somewhat lacks 3D information for the manufacture of protective helmets, as measurements were made according to the layer 3 standard. As a result, measurement range will need to be widened to facilitate production of more precise and perfectively protective helmets by conducting scans on all head circumferences in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.24-30
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• 2008

In this paper, the stress and strain characteristics of a helmet shell structure have been analyzed by using the finite element method and Taguchi's design method as functions of the material properties, the thickness of a helmet, the thickness and the number of a bead frame. The optimized design of the helmets for a firefighter and a gas worker is very important for increasing the strength safety and an impact energy absorption capacity of a helmet shell due to an impulsive external force. Thus, the optimized design data of the helmet indicated that the uniform thickness of a helmet shell may be reduced for reducing the total weight of a helmet and increasing the strain energy absorption rate, but the thickness and the number of a bead frame would be increased for increasing the impact strength of the helmet.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2021

Purpose: We analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of patients with bicycle-related injuries at a regional trauma center in northern Gyeonggi Province as a first step toward the development of improved prevention measures and treatments. Methods: The records of 239 patients who were injured in different types of bicycle-related accidents and transported to a single regional trauma center between January 2017 and December 2018 were examined. This retrospective single-center study used data from the Korea Trauma Database. Results: In total, 239 patients experienced bicycle-related accidents, most of whom were males (204, 85.4%), and 46.9% of the accidents were on roads for automobiles. Forty patients (16.7%) had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 16 or more. There were 125 patients (52.3%) with head/neck/face injuries, 97 patients (40.6%) with injuries to the extremities, 59 patients (24.7%) with chest injuries, and 21 patients (8.8%) with abdominal injuries. Patients who had head/neck/face injuries and an Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) ≥3 were more likely to experience severe trauma (ISS ≥16). In addition, only 13 of 125 patients (10.4%) with head/neck/face injuries were wearing helmets, and patients with injuries in this region who were not wearing helmets had a 3.9-fold increased odds ratio of severe injury (AIS ≥2). Conclusions: We suggest that comprehensive accident prevention measures, including safety training and expansion of safety facilities, should be implemented at the governmental level, and that helmet wearing should be more strictly enforced to prevent injuries to the head, neck, and face.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2022

Background In recent years, the number of people riding stand-up electric scooters in South Korea has increased rapidly. This study analyzed the facial injury patterns associated with stand-up electric scooter-related trauma in patients who visited our emergency center. Methods In this retrospective review, we collected data from patients who had visited our emergency center for stand-up electric scooter-related trauma between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. Results The average age of the patients was 26.7 years. Of the 73 patients, 47 were male and 26 were female, highlighting a male predominance. Seven patients were injured after alcohol consumption. None of the patients had worn helmets. Additionally, upon comparing the frequency of facial injuries according to the quarter of the year, the facial injury rate was higher in the second and third quarters than in the first and fourth quarters. Facial soft tissue injuries were classified into facial cosmetic subunits and analyzed according to their location. The highest number of injuries was on the chin (n=18, 20.9%). Of the 73 patients with stand-up electric scooter-related facial injuries, 16 had acute facial osseous fractures. The commonest acute facial osseous fractures were those of the orbit (n=7, 26.9%). Conclusions The patterns of facial trauma reported here can be helpful for quickly evaluating and treating patients with facial trauma related to stand-up electric scooters. Additionally, people riding stand-up electric scooters should be aware of the risks associated with facial trauma and the importance of wearing protective devices, such as helmets and masks.