• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of Sulgidduk with different ratios of sunflower seeds (0, 3, 6, 9, 12%), stored over 3days. As amount of sunflower seed content increased, moisture contents decreased $41{\sim}36%$. The L-value decreased with increasing seed content, while a- and b-values increased. Mechanical evaluation revealed that hardness was highest at 0% and lowest at 12% seed content during the storage period. Adhesiveness was highest at 0% seed content, decreasing with increasing seed content on the first day, while cohesiveness did not show significant differences with or without seed content. Springiness increased with increasing seed content, while gumminess and chewiness decreased with increasing seed content. Results of sensory evaluations showed that color and flavor increased with addition of sunflower seed, with softness, moistness, chewiness and overall-acceptability being highest at 6% seed content. In conclusion, results prove that Sulgidduk with 6% of sunflower seed content is the best.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.190-201
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• 2022

Background: The introduction of new living modified (LM) crops may pose a latent threat to the biodiversity of each country. Here, we used sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) as a study system to investigate the potential for invasiveness of LM crops under different environmental conditions when released into a natural ecosystem in South Korea. We examined the seed germination, survival, and flowering of sunflowers under competition with wild plants at different sowing dates (March-December) and plot sizes (1 m × 1 m and 2 m × 2 m). Results: The germination rate showed a significant difference according to the sowing date. In addition, several sunflowers survived in plots with a high germination rate, which also led to a higher flowering rate. We found that the smaller the plot, the smaller the area available for inter-species competition, and the higher the number of surviving sunflower plants. The relative dominance and importance value of the species varied significantly between the sowing dates; in particular, sunflowers sown in March could compete with wild plants for longer than those sown on other sowing dates. Conclusions: These observations indicate that the potential for invasiveness of sunflowers differs depending on the environmental conditions and seed density at the time of release.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2008

This study was to elucidate the effect of low dose gamma (${\gamma}$)-ray irradiation on the germination, seedling growth and antioxidant activity in sunflower seeds. The seed germination was stimulated in the range of 2.7${\sim}$8.0% by low dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation compared with that of the control; however, the germination of seeds stored for 4 months after irradiated was decreased at all low dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation groups. Especially, the germination rate of 32 Gy-irradiated seed group was much lower than that of the other groups and 8 Gy was the optimal radiation dose for germination at room temperature. Though there was variation with storage time and temperature, seedling growth stored at 10$^{\circ}C$ for 4 months after irradiated was promoted at the 1 Gy ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation group compared to seed stored at 25$^{\circ}C$. For the antioxidant activity of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated seeds extract, 4 Gy and 32 Gy groups were significantly increased by 68.83% and 95.44%, respectively, compared to control at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 2015

Button mushroom compost (BMC) was prepared by fermenting the mixture of waste button mushroom bed collected from Boryeong area in South Korea (4): sawdust (8) : pig and fowl manure (1) for 40 days at $30^{\circ}C$. The BMC compromised diverse microorganisms including aerobic bacteria $8.1{\times}10^6cfu\;g^{-1}$, Gram negative bacteria $1.7{\times}10^7cfu\;g^{-1}$, genus Bacillus $6.4{\times}10^6cfu\;g^{-1}$, genus Pseudomonas $1.5{\times}10^4cfu\;g^{-1}$, actinomycetes $1.0{\times}10^4cfu\;g^{-1}$, and fungi $3.5{\times}10^3cfu\;g^{-1}$. BMC was used as a microbial inoculant for estimating the mobilization of heavy metals in soil or plant. When metal solubilization potential of BMC was assessed in a batch experiment, the inoculation of BMC was shown to increase the concentrations of water soluble Co, Pb, Cd, and Zn by 29, 26, 27, and 43% respectively, than those of non-inoculated soils. BMC-assisted growth promotion and metal uptake in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was also evaluated in a pot experiment. In comparison with non-inoculated seedlings, the inoculation led to increase the growth of H. annuus by 17, 15, 18, and 21% respectively in Co, Pb, Cd, and Zn contaminated soils. Moreover, enhanced accumulation of Co, Pb, Cd, and Zn in the shoot and root systems was observed in inoculated plants, where metal translocation from root to the above-ground tissues was also found to be enhanced by the BMC. The apparent results suggested that the BMC could effectively be employed in enhancing phytoextraction from the soils contaminated with heavy metals such as Co, Pb, Cd, and Zn.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts from 46 vegetables were tested their insecticidal activities toward five agricultural insect pests and four stored-product insect pests. The efficacy varied with both agricultural insects/stored-product insects and vegetable species used. Potent insecticidal activities, at the concentration of 5,000 ppm, were produced from extracts of Nelumbo nucifera and Ulva lactuca against Myzus persicae, Zea ways and Z. mays (leaf) against Nilaparvata lugens, Citrullus vulgaris (seed) and U. lactuca against Plutella xylostella, N. nucifera, Z. mays, and Z. mays (leaf) against Spodoptera litura, and C. vulgaris (seed), Daucus carota, Helianthus annuus (leaf), H. annuus (flower), Lactuca sativa, and Zingiber officinale against Tetranychus urticae. Potent insecticidal activities at the concentration of 2,500 ppm were exhibited from the extracts of N. nucifera and U. lactuca against M. persicae, Z. mays against N. lugens, C. vulgaris (seed) and U. lactuca against xylostella, N. nucifera and Z. mays against S. litura, and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (flower), and L. santiva against T. urticae. Against four stored-product insect pests at 50 ppm, extracts of C. vulgaris (seed) and Cucurbita moschatla (seed) against Sitophilus oryzae and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (seed), and Z. officinale against Plodia interpunctellfa revealed potent insecticidal activities over 80% mortality. In tests with Callosobruchus chininsis and Lasioderma serricorne, extracts of all vegetables tested exhibited meager and no activity.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.363-380
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• 2019

Previous studies on the host plant range of Metcalfa pruinosa were conducted without distinguishing between its stages of development. In this study, we investigated host plants by studying the nymph and adult development stages of M. pruinosa. M. pruinosa nymphs were found on host plants that belong to 78 families and 227 species, and, to the best of our knowledge, host plants that belong to 27 families and 38 species have been reported for the first time. The host plants were divided into woody and herbaceous at the nymph stage of M. pruinosa, and the nymphs were found in 110 herbaceous and 117 woody species. M. pruinosa adults were found on host plants that belong to 87 families and 233 species, and, host plants that belong to 26 families and 36 species have been reported for the first time. The host plants were divided into woody and herbaceous at the adult stage of M. pruinosa, and the adults were found in 105 herbaceous and 128 woody species. Therefore, the total domestic host plant of M. pruinosa was 98 families 345 species. The nymph and adult in preoviposition stage prefer Helianthus annuus and the adult in oviposition stage prefer Persicaria tinctoria and Rosa rugosa.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2014

Corythucha marmorata (Uhler) belonging to the family Tingidae (Hemiptera) has been reported in Korea. In 2013, surveys were conducted to study its morphological characteristics, geographical distribution, and host plants. The adult is brown white and 2.77-3.28 mm in length, and the mature nymph is yellowish brown. Heavily infested trees appear yellowish white because they are fed on by the nymphs on the under surface of host plants. C. marmorata were found between early June and late October, and their numbers peaked in early July to late August. In 2013, the occurrence of C. marmorata was confirmed in 27 cities and counties nationwide, and 8 families and 24 species of host plants were identified. C. marmorata feeds on the following major host plants: Conyza canadensis, Aster pilosus, Helianthus annuus, Artemisia princeps, Rudbeckia bicolor, and Solanum melongena.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to offer the basic data for the restoration and conservation of forest wetland by surveying systematically the vascular plants of Sandeul wetland in Mt. Jaeyak, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The vascular plants in this wetland were recorded as 232 taxa; 74 families, 178 genera, 200 species, 27 varieties and 5 forma. The major communities were Quercus mongolica, Tripterygium regelii, Alnus japonica, Molinia japonica, Salix gracilistyla and Stephanandra incisa. The numbers of plant species by routes were 168 taxa in A-route, 126 taxa in B and 132 taxa in C. The ecological problems in Sandeul wetland were the afforestation of Pinus koraiensis and P. thunbergii, the appearance of naturalized plants, the invasion of species and the scour of valley. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa; Salix hallaisanensis, Hepatica insularia; Chrysosplenium barbatum, Ajuga spectabilis and Weigela subsessilis. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa; Aristolochia manshuriensis, Chrysanthemum lineare and Iris ensata var, spontanea. The naturalized plants were 8 taxa; Rumex acetocella, R. crispus, Trifolium repens, Oenothera lamarckiana, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Helianthus tuberosus, Erigeron annuus and Phleuum pratense.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 2009

The influence of Pb-citrate complex formation on Pb uptake and the effect of Pb on organic acid exudation were investigated using four plant species, viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), canola (Brassica napus) and vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) under hydroponic conditions. Seedlings were exposed to different levels of Pb and Pb-citrate for 24 hrs and subsequently Pb distributions in plant shoot, root and hydroponic solution were measured. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration generally decreased as the concentration of Pb in the hydroponic solution increased. In contrast to DOC, the total organic acid concentrations exuded from Indian mustard roots significantly increased (424 to 6656 mg $kg^{-1}$) with increased Pb treatment, implying that exuding organic acids were involved in Pb accumulation in Indian mustard. The complexation of Pb with citrate enhanced Pb accumulation in the above ground portions. Lead concentration in Indian mustard increased from 2.05 mg $kg^{-1}$ to 6.42 mg $kg^{-1}$ when the concentration of citrate in solution increased from 0 to 50 mg $L^{-1}$. This result showed enhanced translocation of Pb from root to shoot with observation of transfer coefficient ($K_t$) increase from 2.03E-3 to 5.72E-3.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 1992

Formation, cellular distribution and structural changes of storage lipid, and active site and cellular localization of lipase in endosperms and cotyledons of lipid-rich seeds such as Helianthus annuus, Ricinus communis and Pinus koraiensis, and in those of starch-rich seeds such as Pisum sativum and Zea mays were investigated in relation to the seed development by cytochemical methods. In endosperms and storage cotyledons of lipid- and starch-rich seeds after seed-gathering, there were widely distributed storage material which was composed of spherical protein bodies, spherosomes, and starch granules. But cellular organelles were hardly observed in the cytoplasm. Staining pattern of vesicles released from SER, and of low electron dense membraneous granules, which were perhaps at an early stage of spherosomes, were the same as in the spherosome. Electrondense granules released from RER were observed in the vicinity of plasma membrane. As a result of lipid staining, the spherosomes were more electron dense and were uniform as compared with the protein matrix within the protein body and cytoplasmic proteinaceous granules. The major component of the spherosome was determinated to be lipid. Spherosomes and vesicles containing SER-released materials showed the same as in the electron density. Lipase activity was especially strong in the inner region and on the surface of decomposed spherosomes and near the plasma membrane.mbrane.