• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.299-311
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• 2004

Purpose: Somatotype drawing developed by Sorensen et al.(1983) has been evaluated as a simple instrument of obesity level without real somatic measuring as height and weight. This study was designed to validate somatotype drawings for obesity assessment by bioelectrical impedance body component analysis. Method: At first questionnaire of somatotype drawing was done. Subjects were measured body component by bioelectrical impedance analysis as weight, BMI(body mass index), WHR(waist-hip ratio), body water, protein mass, mineral mass, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, soft lean mass, fat free mass and percent body fat. We evaluated correlations between these data and somatotype drawings and tried to grouping of somatotype drawings with the means of major body component value. Result: The data were collected from 205 college women whose height and weight were $161.2\pm4.8,\;55\pm8.3$. Spearman's correlation coefficients of somatotype drawing were 0.74 with BMI, 0.68 with weight 0.69 with body fat mass, 0.65 with WHR. 0.64 with percent body fat after adiusted age. The grade of somatotype drawings were grouped as 1-2, 3-4, 5-6. 7-9 by BMI, body fat mass, weight, 1, 2-4, 5-6, 7-9 by WHR and 1-2, 3-4, 5-9 by percent body fat(ANOVA and Duncan's method). Conclusion: So quick instrument using somatotype drawings were useful tools for evaluation of obesity level and is applicable to screen degree of body fat in self-administered questionnaire survey.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2007

Objectives The study was designed to find out the relationships between short stature and low weight among children and teenagers. Methods This research was performed in 21 children and teenagers from August 2006 to June 2007. We measured height, weight, body mass index, obesity rare, bone age, and HTMA. Moreover, we analyzed correlation with height, weight, mineral concentrations and ratios obtained from HTMA. Results There were significant correlations between HTMA and short stature and low weight. 1. Most subjects(76%) had slow metabolic types. 2. Ca, Mg, Zn, Ca/P, and Cr had significant differences between high bone age group and high chronological age group. 3. Fe/Cu had significant differences between a group that recent height is more smaller than inherited height and a group that recent height is more taller than inherited height. 4. Ca, Mg, Ca/P had significant differences between a low weight group and a normal weight group classified by obesity rate. Conclusions Children and teenagers with short stature and low weight have specific mineral characters.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1976

A study was conducted on 2,210 officials in Jeonbug Province to check out their physical growth, development and nutritional state during the period June 1st 1975 to August 31, 1915. As the results of this study, the following conclusions were reached: 1. Physical measurement a. Body height: The mean body height of male was $166.8{\pm}4.6cm$ and that of female was $156.3{\pm}4.9cm$. The highest value of mean body height was $167.1{\pm}3.9cm$, showing by male of administrative job. The lowest valthe of that was $165.7{\pm}5.2cm$, showing by the male functional job, while the difference of body height was not significant in female. b. Body weight: The mean body weight of male was $61.5{\pm}4.6kg$ and that of female was $51.2{\pm}3.9kg$. The administrative job heavier than functional job of male by type of job, while that of female of functional job heavier than administrative job. c. Chest-girth: The mean chest-girth of male was $90.8{\pm}3.2cm$ and that of female was $83.6{\pm}3.6cm$. 2. Physical growth and developmental state a. The relative body weight was normal in male except the young man under 25 years, while that of female was under the level of standard. b. The relative chest-girth was showed standard values by all age group of officals. c. The Rohrer and Kaup indices were showed standard values except under 19 years officials and 30 to 34 years female officials. 3. Vervaeck index for nutritional status was appeared normal in male but under the values of standard in female.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of obesity, blood composition and physical ability in obese children on body weight control program. Methods : The body weight control program included exercise, nutrition education and auricular acupuncture was performed 4 times a week during 12 weeks. 32 obese children whose body fat ratio were over 30% participated in this study. Measuring materials were body composition(weight, muscle mass, fat mass, fat ratio, BMI), physical measurement(height, waist circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference), physical ability(grip strength, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, sit-down stand-up test, standing long jump, opened eyes foot balance, side step), blood composition(WBC, Hb, ESR, Total Cholesterol, TG, GOT, GPT, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose) and survey(changes of eating habits, changes of living habits, knowledge of obesity, self-confidence, self-esteem). Results : From the results, positive changes were made in BMI, height, waist circumferences, chest circumferences, hip circumferences, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, sit-down stand-up test, standing long jump, opened eyes foot balance, side step, Hb, ESR, GOT, GPT and changes of eating habits through the body weight control program. Conclusions : This results suggest that body weight control program including exercise, nutrition education and auricular acupuncture may be effective for helping obese children.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

Purpose: This descriptive study was designed to investigate Body Mass Index(BMI), weight control behavior, and self-esteem in high school adolescents. Method: The convenience sample consisted of 129 high school females and 106 high school males. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from November to December, 1999. BMI was calculated by using the subject's self-reported body weight and height to identify objective obesity. Self evaluation about subjective obesity was measured by a single item question. Preferred BMI was calculated by using the subject's elf-reported body weight and height which the subjects desired. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was utilized to measure the level of self-esteem. Results: Results of the study revealed that high school females perceived themselves as more more obese than their the actual BMI, excessively participated in dieting behavior and exercises, and reported lower self-esteem than that of males. Conclusion: Based on this study, health care providers need to educate female adolescents about healthy behavior as well as the normal weight range in BMI.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.326-329
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• 2013

Height and weight are important indicators to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI); measuring height and weight directly is the most exact method to get this information. However, it is ineffective in terms of cost and time on large population samples. The aim of our study was to investigate the validity of self-reported height and weight data compared to our measured data in Korean children to predict obese status. Four hundred twenty-two fifth-grade (mean age $10.5{\pm}0.5$ years) children who had self-reported and measured height and weight data were final subjects for this study. Overweight/obese was defined as a BMI of or above the 85th percentile of the gender-specific BMI for age in the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts or a BMI of 25 or higher (underweight : < 5th, normal : ${\geq}5th$ to < 85th, overweight : ${\geq}85th$ to < 95th). The differences between self-reported and measured data were tested using paired t-test. Differences based on overweight/obese status were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear trends. Pearson's correlation and Cohen's kappa were tested to examine agreements between the self-reported and measured data. Although measured and self-reported height, weight and BMI were significantly different and children tended to overreport their height and underreport their weight, the correlation between the two methods of height, weight and BMI were high (r = 0.956, 0.969, 0.932, respectively; all P < 0.001), and both genders reported their overweight/non-overweight status accurately (Cohen's kappa = 0.792, P < 0.001). Although there were differences between the self-reported and our measured methods, the self-reported weight and height was valid enough to classify overweight/obesity status correctly, especially in non-overweight/obese children. Due to bigger underestimation of weight and overestimation of height in obese children, however, we need to be aware that the self-reported anthropometric data were less accurate in overweight/obese children than in non-overweight/obese children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.54-57
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• 2012

Purpose: Somatic growth is an important indicator of health in children. Adequate organ growth is essential in growth and directly related to body growth. We consider renal length as a surrogate of organ growth in growing children. Measurement of weight, height, and many anthropometric indices, such as body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), and Rohrer and Kaup indices, are used to evaluate growth status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between renal length and somatic parameters and analyze the affecting factors for renal size during growth. Methods: The data for renal length in 66 children (age, $12.9{\pm}15.6$ months; male/female, 34/32) were obtained. Each kidney was measured with ultrasonography and dimercaptosuccinic acid scan. The data on age, sex, height, and weight were obtained from the medical records. BSA, BMI, and Rohrer and Kaup indices were calculated from measured height and weight. BSA was calculated by 2 methods, and is expressed as BSA I and BSA II. Results: There were significant correlations between renal size and age, weight, height, BSA I, BSA II, and Rohrer index. In the regression analysis, the most significant contributing factor to renal growth was height ($R^2$=0.636, $P$ <0.001). Conclusion: Height seems to be the most important factor associated with organ growth in growing children. Further studies to evaluate adequate organ growth should be carried out.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Objectives: We analyzed the correlation between physique and size of the dental arch of college students with normal occlusion. Methods: Ninety-nine college students filled out the prepared questionnaire. The length and width of the dental arch of the students was measured using a plaster model after taking an impression. The data were analyzed using the t-test and correlational analysis. Results: The maxilla arch length was 3.70 mm longer and the inter-molar width of the maxilla was 3.06 mm longer in men (both p<0.01) than in women. Additionally, the mandible was 3.66 mm longer in men as compared to those in the women (p<0.01). As height increased, there was increase in the body weight (α=0.683, p<0.01), maxilla arch length (α=0.373, p<0.01), molar width of the maxilla (α=0.214, p<0.05), and the mandible (α=0.280, p<0.01). The greater the weight increase, the greater the maxillary arch length increase (α=0.392, p<0.01), and the greater the molar width of the maxilla (α=0.336, p<0.01) and mandible (α=0.502, p<0.01) increase. Conclusions: As physical size (both height and weight) increased, the maxillary length and molar width also increased. Based on the results of this study, the cause of malocclusion, form and size of the dental arch, and stable occlusion can be used as basic data.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2022

To grasp the size system of children's clothing online shopping malls, basic size charts for clothing products from 14 shopping malls were collected, compared, and analyzed. Looking at the age range of the basic size chart for each company, the minimum age is 1 year old, the maximum age is 14-15 years old, and all companies included ages up to 7 years. In addition, as for the number of size designations, children's clothing companies used seven to eight designations, and there were six types of size designation methods. Next, looking at the height range for each size, even with the same size designation method, the height range differed depending on the company. Also, the KS size standard does not consider body weight, but many companies use weight as a reference body size. Compared with the child body size data of the 6th Korean Body Size Data, the height and weight range for each size provided by the company showed differences between companies. The results of this study can be used in the future as basic data when revising and supplementing the clothing sizes in children's clothing companies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2018

Objective: Falling is a common cause of head injury in preschool aged children. We investigated the characteristics of mild head injuries caused by falling and the association between body weight and occurrence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on head-injured preschool-aged children that visited the emergency department from January 2012 to December 2015. Characteristics such as age, sex, weight, free fall height, floor type, and presence of TBI, as defined as cerebral hemorrhage or skull fracture, were investigated. We calculated body weight percentiles by calibrating age and weight and categorized them into four quartile ranges. We grouped all included cases into two groups according to the presence of TBI. The characteristics of the two groups were compared by using chi-square test, and the association with TBI was investigated by using binomial logistic regression. Results: A total of 701 children were included, and TBI was observed in 95 children. Children with TBI were younger. The proportion of children with TBI was higher in the third and fourth quartiles of the body weight group as well as according to soft floor and fall from high height (${\geq}1m$). The odds of soft floor being associated with TBI was higher than the odds for hard floor (odds ratio, 2.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.597-4.680). The odds of high height (${\geq}1m$) being associated with TBI was higher than that for low height (odds ratio, 2.306; 95% CI, 1.155-4.601), and the odds ratio for the weight percentile group was 1.228 (95% CI, 1.005-1.499). Conclusion: Prevalence of TBI after falling in preschool-aged children might be associated with high fall-height and body weight quartiles.