• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The removal efficiency of the heavy metals Zn, Pb and Cd by the zoosporic fungal species Saprolegnia delica and the terrestrial fungus Trichoderma viride, isolated from polluted water drainages in the Delta of Nile in Egypt, as affected by various ranges of pH values and different temperature degrees, was extensively investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of S. delica for Zn(II) and Cd(II) was obtained at pH 8 and for Pb(II) was at pH 6 whilst the removal efficiency of T. viride was found to be optimum at pH 6 for the three applied heavy metals. Regardless the median lethal doses of the three heavy metals, Zn recorded the highest bioaccumulation potency by S. delica at all pH values except at pH 4, followed by Pb whereas Cd showed the lowest removal potency by the fungal species and vice versa in case of T. viride. The optimum bio-mass dry weight production by S. delica was found when the fungus was grown in the medium treated with the heavy metal Pb at pH 6, followed by Zn at pH 8 and Cd at pH 8. The optimum biomass dry weight yield by T. viride amended with Zn, Pb and Cd was obtained at pH 6 for the three heavy metals with the maximum value at Zn. The highest yield of biomass dry weight was found when T. viride treated with Cd at all different pH values followed by Pb whilst Zn output was the lowest and this result was reversed in case of S. delica. The maximum removal efficiency and the biomass dry weight production for the three tested heavy metals was obtained at the incubation temperature $20^{\circ}C$ in case of S. delica while it was $25^{\circ}C$ for T. viride. Incubation of T. viride at higher temperatures ($30^{\circ}C\;and\;35^{\circ}C$) enhanced the removal efficiency of Pb and Cd than low temperatures ($15^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$) and vice versa in case of Zn removal. At all tested incubation temperatures, the maximum yield of biomass dry weight was attained at Zn treatment by the two tested fungal species. The bioaccumulation potency of S. delica for Zn was higher than that for Pb at all temperature degrees of incubation and Cd bioaccumulation was the lowest whereas T. viride showed the highest removal efficiency for Pb followed by Cd and Zn was the minor of the heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.556-563
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• 2016

We examined the removal of hazardous heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb) from laver Pyropia sp. using citric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. Under the same conditions, the quality of the laver samples was also evaluated using the variation in absorbance and major mineral levels. The heavy metals that accumulated in raw laver samples after 3 days in seawater included Pb (117.79 μg/g), Cr (33.53 μg/g), and Cd (10.54 μg/g) in descending order. The rate of heavy metal removal from laver was higher at lower pH for all acids used. However, its color changed unsatisfactorily at pH 2.0. After 10 min in seawater at pH 2.5, the heavy metals in laver were eliminated in the order Cd (68.7–81.6%), Pb (57.7–67.0%), and Cr (31.9–49.4%) using the three acids. The differences in heavy metal removal among acid types were not significant. The laver quality was not affected after 20 min at the pH range of 2.5–4.0. The maximum removal of heavy metals was from laver soaked for 10 min in seawater at pH 2.5 using the organic acid, citric acid.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

In this study, to select the best stabilizer for the heavy metals-contaminated soil from a smelter area during phytoremediation, a plant uptake experiment and a soil stabilization were simultaneously applied using Pteris multifida Poir. and five pre-screened stabilizers(zeolite, Mn dioxide, slag, Ca oxide, and magnetite). The extracted heavy metal was measured and compared using a 3 step sequential extraction for the soil samples. The growth rate of the plant was also evaluated. The stabilizers stabilized heavy metals in soil and reduced the extraction rate. Magnetite and calcium oxide showed better results than other stabilizers. The stabilizers enhanced the growth of the plant. All the heavy metals except for arsenic were concentrated in roots while arsenic was concentrated in leaves of the plant. It is concluded that the stabilizers can minimize the heavy metal release from the contaminated soil during phytoremediation and stimulated the growth of plant. These effects of stabilizers could compensate for some weak points of phytoremediation such as reaching of heavy metals by rainwater.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2002

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2002

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

In order to treat paddy soils contaminated by Pb, Cd, and As near the abandoned mine, $H_2PO_4$ was used for stabilization of Pb ($PO_4$/Pb mole ratio of 2/1). In addition, $CaCO_3$ and $FeSO_4$ were used as stabilizers for treating Cd and As (2% w/w), respectively. Leaching tests were conducted with artificial rain in the column to assess the heavy metal stabilization efficiency. The mass of heavy metals in the effluents passed through the columns were analyzed. The remaining heavy metals in the soils were also analyzed as Korean soil standard method, phytoavailability test and sequential extraction test. Lead in the effluent was not detected when $H_2PO_4$ was used as a stabilizer. This result suggests that $H_2PO_4$ is efficient for Pb stabilization. In addition results of sequential extraction scheme suggest that heavy metals are present as residual forms which is not easily extracted.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1542-1546
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of zeolite-supported sulfatereducing bacteria (SRB) in enhancing the removal of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr⁶⁺ in contaminated seawater. Our results show that SRB-immobilized zeolite carriers can enhance the removal of heavy metals. In addition, heavy metals were generally better removed at conditions of 37°C. Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr⁶⁺ were effectively removed by 98.2%, 90.1%, and 99.8% at 100 parts per million concentration of the heavy metals, respectively. These results indicate that SRB-zeolite carriers hold great potential for use in the removal of cationic heavy metal species from marine environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1990

Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used not only as ingredients in herbal medicine but also in pharmacological soft drinks. The author collected for analysis of content of 8 kinds of heavy metal(Cd, pb, Hg, Cu, Mn, Fe, As) in soil and cluture soil in an around the Taegu area including Sang Ju, Non Gong, Keum Ho, and Weol Bae. THe toxic content in Gaoderma lucidum showed relatively low level as in cadmium lead mercury arsenic : 0.8-0.13ppm 0.17-1.43ppm 0.02-0.32ppm 0.01-0.19ppm respectively : in copper mangenese zinc and iron : 0.93-4.29ppm, 0.37-2.18ppm 1.02-1.65ppm, 4.57-11.04ppm those grown in soil showed higher percentages of content than those grown on logs in lead copper zinc and iron by 43.2% 68.6%, 20.3% and 43.2% respectively. The content of heavy metals in those grown in soil and culture soil tended to be higher in the areas near factories of industrial complexes especially in manganese and iron. The content of heavy metals in soil and culture soil appeared lower than the mean values of Korean Soil. No interrelationship was found in the content of heavy metals between those of Ganoderma lucidum grown on logs and those grown in soil. In case of pot cultivation however the mushroom spawns are grown originally in soil which seems to influence the degree of content of heavy metals of media.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

The pyritization of heavy metals in Lake Shihwa sediments was investigated to determine sedimentary Pyrite-heavy metal associations influenced by various metal fractions, organic carbon, and total reduced sulfur. Parameters indicating the degree of heavy metal pyritization (DTMP) and degree of pyritization (DOP) were used to study the incorporation of heavy metals into the pyrite phase. The DOP levels ranged from 3.28-39.45%, showing wide differences among sampling stations. The levels were greater near the water gate and the center of the lake than near the industrial complex. The spatial pattern of the DOP levels was similar to the S/C ratio and also to the salinity. Based on the measured relationships between DOP and DTMP, heavy metals can be divided into three groups. In the first group was As, which showed a high affinity for pyrite. In the second group were Ni, Co and Cu, which showed a gradual increase in DTMP with increasing DOP. In the final group were Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr, which all showed a low DTMP with constant values with respect to DOP.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1999

In order to examine the degree of heavy metal pollutions around Samcheonpo and Youngkwang power plants, marine sediment samples were analyzed to determine heavy metal contents. Some of these sediment samples were also analyzed by using of a sequential extraction technique to know geochemical forms of the metals. The results showed that the spatial distribution of heavy metals coincided very well with those of mean grain size, carbonates and organic matters. The chemical speciation data using sequential extraction analysis also showed that a considerable amount of heavy metals except for Mn were bounded in the residual fraction, which mode of occurrence of heavy metals was generally interpreted as being the result of the lithogenic origin.