• 제목/요약/키워드: Heavy metals contamination

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낙동광산의 광미 내 비소 거동에 대한 광물학적 연구 (A Mineralogical Study on the Arsenic Behavior in the Tailings of Nakdong Mine)

  • 이우춘;조현구;김영호;김순오
    • 한국광물학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.359-370
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    • 2009
  • 지표에 노출된 폐광미의 산화작용으로 인해 용출된 비소와 중금속들이 광산주변 환경에 심각한 오염을 야기할 수 있다. 본 연구는 황화광물의 산화작용과 이차 광물의 생성 및 변질과 같은 다양한 작용들이 비소의 거동에 미치는 영향을 광물학적 방법을 이용하여 고찰하였다. 연구대상 광미는 강원도 정선군에 위치한 낙동광산에서 채취하였다. 전처리한 광미로부터 자성광물과 비자성 광물을 선별한 후, 현미경 관찰을 통해 광물의 색 및 금속광택에 따라 분류하였고, X-선 회절 분석기, 에너지 분산분광기, 그리고 전자탐침미세현미경 등과 같은 다양한 기기분석들을 이용하여 광물학적 특성을 조사하였다. 문헌조사에서는 다양한 광석광물이 산출되는 것으로 알려졌지만, 산화 등과 같은 풍화작용으로 인하여 본 연구에서는 일부 광석광물들과 더불어 새롭게 형성된 이차 내지 삼차 광물들을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 다량으로 존재했다고 알려진 자류철석은 동정되지 않았지만 특징적으로 콜로포옴 형태의 철 (산)수산화광물을 확인하였는데, 이는 자류철석의 큰 반응성으로 인하여 풍화가 급격하게 진행되어 자류철석이 모두 변질된 것을 입증한다. 뿐만 아니라 일차 광석광물인 유비철석의 균열부에 충진한 이차 광물인 스코로다이트를 확인할 수 있었는데 이러한 변질 과정을 통해 용출된 비소가 고정화되는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 이차 광물로 생성된 자로사이트가 다시 변질되어 삼차 광물인 철 (산)수산화광물이 형성되는 것도 관찰할 수 있었는데 이는 다양한 광석광물의 산화작용으로 인해 조성된 초기의 낮은 pH 환경으로부터 pH가 증가하는 환경으로의 전이를 지시한다. 이러한 환경의 변화는 이차 광물들과 주변 모암과의 작용 등에 기인하며 그 결과 이차 광물의 안정도가 떨어지게 되고 새로운 삼차 광물들이 형성된다. 이러한 과정에서 고정화된 비소가 재용출 되어 주변 환경에 확산되어질 수 있다.

("황제내경소문(黃帝內經素問)" 중(中) 사혈(瀉血)에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Blood-Letting Therapy in Elementary Questions)

  • 이준근
    • 대한한의정보학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.19-42
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    • 2008
  • Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

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