• 제목/요약/키워드: Heavy metal resistance

검색결과 91건 처리시간 0.036초

중금속이 Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp.PCC 6803의 성장과 단백질 합성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Heavy Metals on Growth and Protein Synthesis in Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803)

  • 강경미;장남기
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.315-329
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    • 1996
  • The changes of growth and protein synthesis pattern by aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) treatments were studied in Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. When exposed to Al from 5ppm to 3oppm, synechocystis grows normally. But more than that retard the growth of algae notably. The 0.05ppm Cd additions had no effect on the growth of algae. 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5ppm Cd inhibited growth. Under 1 and 2ppm Cd stress, growth was greatly diminished. Zn had dual effects. The growth of algae in media containing 5ppm was stimulated. As concentration increases more than l5ppm, growth inbition increases. Under 25ppm Zn stress, growth was greatly diminished. According to logistic theory, r and K values of each heavy metal-treated groups were estimated. Correlation analysis of r and K values with metal concentration shows that there is negative correlation between K and concentration in Cd and Zn treatments. Critical concentration which shows lethal or sublethal effect was estimated by t-test of each r and K value. The cells cultured in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 5oppm of Al, 1 and 2ppm of Cd, and 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30ppm of Zn for 4 days was used for protein analysis. Analysis of protein synthesis with SDS-PACE showed alterations of protein synthesis pattern. The synthesis of protein about 220kD increased markedly. In this study, it showed that resistance mechanism against Al, Cd, and Zn is K selection and that metal stress induced the change of protein synthesis in Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.Key words:Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. FCC 6803, Heavy metals, Aluminum, Cadmiutm Zinc, Crowth, Frotein synthesis.

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Streptomyces subrutilus P5의 철 함유 Superoxide Dismutase의 중금속 격리에 의한 세균의 중금속 저항성 증가 (Iron Containing Superoxide Dismutase of Streptomyces subrutilus P5 Increases Bacterial Heavy Metal Resistance by Sequestration)

  • 김재헌;한광용;정호진;이정남
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제50권3호
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    • pp.179-184
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    • 2014
  • Streptomyces subrutilus P5가 생산하는 철 함유 superoxide dismutase (FeSOD)에 의한 중금속 독성의 완화를 조사하였다. 0.1 mM의 납이온이 120분 처리되면 E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$의 생존율이 7%에 불과 하지만 $0.1{\mu}M$의 정제된 천연 FeSOD가 첨가되면 생존율이 39%로 높아졌다. 이러한 해독작용은 0.01 mM의 구리이온에 대해서도 나타나며(생존율이 6%에서 50%로 증가) 그 효과는 EDTA보다 강하였다. 6xHis-tagged FeSOD를 생산하는 재조합 E. coli M15[pREP4]는 0.1 mM의 납 이온이 60분 처리된 후의 생존율이 3%에서 19%로 증가하였다. 6xHis-tagged FeSOD는 분자당 123개의 납과 결합하였다. 따라서 FeSOD가 중금속을 세포와의 접촉으로부터 격리함으로써 중금속이 오염된 환경에서 세균의 생존력을 증가시킨 것으로 사료된다.

염생식물 섬갯장대(Arabis stelleri var. japonica)의 중금속 및 고염 농도 스트레스 상태에서 내성 연구 (Studies on the tolerance of Halophyte Arabis stelleri under heavy metals and Salt stress condition)

  • 김동균
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.373-378
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    • 2019
  • 해양지역에서는 토양의 염 농도가 증가하고 내륙지역은 중금속 오염으로 식물의 피해가 따라서 증가한다. 내륙의 산업 발달 지역에서는 Co, Ni, Zn, 등 중금속이 축적되어 제거하거나, 내성을 갖은 식물의 유전자원 연구가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 앞의 두 가지 문제점은 공히 식물 뿌리에 스트레스를 야기하기에 가능성 있는 식물을 찾기에 과학자들이 많은 노력을 해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 내염식물로 알려진 것으로 해안가 근처에서 채집 되어진 섬갯장대(Arabis stelleri var. japonica)의 종자를 발아하여 사용하였다. 동일한 과이면서 모든 유전자가 밝혀졌고, 표본식물인 애기장대 종자를 실험재료로 사용하여 실험실 배양 조건 하에서 성장발육과 내성을 비교 연구하였다. 그 결과 250 uM Nickle과 cobalt에서 3배 정도 내성을 나타내었고,1mM 아연에서는 4배 이상의 내성을 섬갯장대에서 나타내었다. Na염에 대한 내성은 50mM 농도에서 20%이상 발육이 증가하여서 중금속과 염농도에 내성을 보였다. 세포내 기작을 연구하기 위한 준비로서 Na 이온의 체내 축적을 측정하였다. 그 결과 내성을 갖은 섬갯장대 경엽부에서 더욱 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 이는 측적하는 기작보다는 배출하는 유전자의 활성이 중요하다고 사료된다.

Heavy Metal Tolerance of Fungi Isolated from Contaminated Soil

  • Joo, Jin-Ho;Hussein, Khalid A.
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.565-571
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to investigate the tolerance of some resistant fungal strains from soils contaminated with heavy metals. Various fungal strains were isolated from soil samples collected from studied sites which heavy metals and other pollutants have been emitted in effluents for several years. Fungi isolated belong to different genera; however, Penicillium spp. showed the most frequent species. The microbial number was remarkably higher in the control soil than contaminated soil samples collected from mining areas. $Pb^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ had the highest concentration in the polluted soils ranging from 89 - 3,521 ppm and 98 - 4,383 ppm, respectively. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of $Pb^{+2}$ and $Zn^{+2}$ showed the highest values against the fungal strains. $Ni^{+2}$ and $Co^{+2}$ were the lowest contaminants in the polluted soils with the concentration of 5 to 12.1 ppm and 1.8 to 4.8 ppm, respectively. The tested resistant strains showed the strongest inhibition for $Ni^{+2}$ and $Co^{+2}$ up to 200-400 ppm. Cadmium was the most highly toxic heavy metal for most of strains, however, 1 mM of $Cr^{3+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ accelerated the growth of Penicillium verrucosum KNU3. $Cu^{+2}$ and $Zn^{+2}$ at concentration of 1 mM did not affect the growth rate P. funiculosum KNU4. Tolerance of fungal species to heavy metals appears to be strain and origin dependent.

용접재료별 단강 피스톤 크라운 용접부위의 부식특성에 대한 평가 (Evaluation of the corrosion property on the welded zone of forged steel piston crown with types of filler metals)

  • 문경만;원종필;이명훈;백태실;김진경
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.409-417
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    • 2014
  • 최근 수년 동안 유가의 현저한 상승으로 인하여 상선의 디젤 기관은 저질 중유를 주로 사용하게 되었다. 따라서 저질 중유의 사용 증가에 따른 디젤 기관의 연소실 배기가스 온도는 점차 상승하여 가혹한 부식 환경에 직면하게 되었다. 그 결과 연소실 주변의 모든 기관 부품들의 부식과 마모는 다른 기관 부품들에 비해서 심각하다. 그러므로 이들 부품들의 적절한 덧살 용접은 수명 연장을 위하여 경제적인 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 피스톤 크라운 재질로 통상 사용되는 단강에 4종류의 용접재료로 SMAW와 GTAW로 용접하였다. 실험은 모재, 열영향부 및 용접금속의 부식 특성을 35% 황산용액에서 부식전위, 양극분극 곡선, 사이클릭볼타모그램 및 임피던스 등의 전기화학적인 방법으로 하여 고찰하였다. Inconel 625, 718 용접재료의 경우 용접금속의 내식성이 가장 우수하였고, 모재의 내식성이 가장 좋지 않았으며, 반면에 1.25Cr-0.5Mo와 0.5Mo는 모재가 용접금속에 비해서 더 좋은 내식성을 나타내었다. 또한, 용접금속 중 Inconel 625가 가장 내식성이 우수하였으며, 그 다음으로 Inconel 718 용접재료로 나타났다. 경도 역시 용접금속이 상대적으로 모재, 열영향부에 비해서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 특히 Inconel 718 용접재료의 경우 다른 용접재료에 비하여 가장 높은 경도값을 나타내었다.

Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals Induced by Bioaugmentation of a Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterium

  • Arunakumara, K.K.I.U.;Walpola, Buddhi Charana;Song, Jun-Seob;Shin, Min-Jung;Lee, Chan-Jung;Yoon, Min-Ho
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.220-230
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    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND: Excessive metals in the soil have become one of the most significant environmental problems. Phytoremediation has received considerable attention as a method for restoring the contaminated soils. The microbes having remarkable metal tolerance and plant growth-promoting abilities could also play a significant role in remediation of metal-contaminated soils, because bioaugmentation with such microbes could promote phytoextraction of metals. Therefore, the present study was focused on evaluating the phytoextraction of heavy metals (Co, Pb and Zn) in Helianthus annuus (sunflower) induced by bioaugmentation of a phosphate solubilizing bacterium. METHODS AND RESULTS: A phosphate solubilizing bacterium was isolated from metal-contaminated soils based on the greater halo size (>3 mm) with solid NBRIP agar medium containing 10 g glucose, 5 g $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$, 5 g $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, 0.25 g $MgSO_4.7H_2O$, 0.2 g KCl, 0.1 g $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ in 1 L distilled water. Isolated bacterial strain was assessed for their resistance to heavy metals; $CoCl_2.6H_2O$, $2PbCO_3.Pb(OH)_2$, and $ZnCl_2$ at various concentrations ranging from $100-400{\mu}g/mL$ (Co, Pb and Zn) using the agar dilution method. A pot experiment was conducted with aqueous solutions of different heavy metals (Co, Pb and Zn) to assess the effect of bacterial strain on growth and metal uptake by Helianthus annuus (sunflower). The impact of bacterial inoculation on the mobility of metals in soil was investigated under laboratory conditions with 50 mL scaled polypropylene centrifuge tubes. The metal contents in the filtrate of plant extracts were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkinelmer, Aanalyst 800, USA). CONCLUSION: Inoculation with Enterobacter ludwigii PSB 28 resulted in increased shoot and root biomass and enhanced accumulation of Co, Pb and Zn in Helianthus annuus plants. The strain was found to be capable of promoting metal translocation from the roots to the shoots of H. annuus. Therefore, Enterobacter ludwigii PSB 28 could be identified as an effective promoter of phytoextraction of Co, Pb and Zn from metal-contaminated soils.

근권세균과 옥수수를 이용한 유류 및 중금속 복합 오염토양의 Rhizoremediation (Rhizoremediation of Petroleum and Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil using Rhizobacteria and Zea mays)

  • 홍선화;구소연;김성현;류희욱;이인숙;조경숙
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.329-334
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 유류 분해능이 있고 식물 성장 촉진능력을 가진 Gordonia sp. S2RP-17, 중금속에 내성을 가지며 식물 성장촉진 능력이 있는 Serratia sp. SY5 및 옥수수를 이용하여 유류 및 중금속 오염 토양의 정화 특성을 조사하였다. 유류 및 중금속 오염 토양에서 51일간 재배한 옥수수의 평균 뿌리 건중량은 $1.9{\pm}0.2\;g$이었으나, 근권세균을 접종한 오염 토양에서 재배한 옥수수의 뿌리 건중량은 $5.6{\pm}0.7\;g$로, 근권세균 접종에 의해 옥수수의 뿌리의 중량이 유의적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다(p<0.01). 초기에는 토양의 TPH 농도는 $21,576{\pm}3,426\;mg-TPH{\cdot}kg-dry\;soil^{-1}$이었는데, 51일 후 옥수수만을 식재한 토양의 잔류 TPH 농도는 $220{\pm}98\;mg-TPH{\cdot}kg-dry\;soil^{-1}$이었고, 옥수수와 함께 근권세균을 접종한 토양의 잔류 TPH 농도는 $20{\pm}41\;mg-TPH{\cdot}kg-dry\;soil^{-1}$이었다. 이러한 결과로부터 옥수수 식재에 의해 대부분의 TPH를 제거할 수 있으며, 옥수수와 함께 근권세균을 접종하면 TPH 효율이 조금 더 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, 중금속 제거효율에 미치는 근권세균 접종 효과는 거의 없었다.

Proteome analysis of sorghum leaf and root in response to heavy metal stress

  • Roy, Swapan Kumar;Cho, Seong-Woo;Kwon, Soo Jeong;Kamal, Abu Hena Mostafa;Lee, Dong-Gi;Sarker, Kabita;Lee, Moon-Soon;Xin, Zhanguo;Woo, Sun-Hee
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.24-24
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    • 2017
  • Heavy metals at toxic levels have the capability to interact with several vital cellular biomolecules such as nuclear proteins and DNA, leading to oxidative stress in plants. The present study was performed to explore the metal tolerance mechanism in Sorghum seedling. Morpho-physiological and metal ions uptake changes were observed prominently in the seedlings when the plants were subjected to different concentrations of $CuSO_4$ and $CdCl_2$. The observed morphological changes revealed that the plants treated with Cu and Cd displayed dramatically altered shoot lengths, fresh weights, and relative water content. In addition, the concentration of Cu and Cd was markedly increased by treatment with Cu and Cd, and the amount of interacting ions taken up by the shoots and roots was significantly and directly correlated with the applied level of Cu and Cd. Using the 2-DE method, a total of 24 and 21 differentially expressed protein spots from sorghum leaves and roots respectively, 33 protein spots from sorghum leaves under Cd stress were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. However, the over-expression of GAPDH plays a significant role in assisting Sorghum bicolor to attenuate the adverse effects of oxidative stress caused by Cu, and the proteins involved in resistance to stress helped the sorghum plants to tolerate high levels of Cu. Significant changes were absorbed in the levels of proteins known to be involved in carbohydrate metabolism, transcriptional regulation, translation and stress responses. In addition, the up-regulation of glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 may play a significant role in Cd-related toxicity and stress responses. The results obtained from the present study may provide insights into the tolerance mechanism of seedling leaves and roots in Sorghum under heavy metal stress.

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Serratia marcescens Strain P 성장에 미치는 중금속 내성 (Resistance of Some Metal Ions on Growth of Serratia marcescens Strain P)

  • 유관희;이호용
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.693-698
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    • 1992
  • 공장 폐수를 비롯한 중금속 오염 환경으로부터 효율적인 중금속 제거를 위해 생물학적 오염제거에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 본 실험에서는 항생제 내성 유전자를 많이 가지고 있는 것으로 알려진 Serratia marcescens를 대상으로 이 균주가 중금속들에 대해 어떤 영향을 보이는지 조사하였다. 그 결과 lead, iron, magnesium, manganese 등의 처리군에서 24시간내에 1,000ppm 이상의 고농도 처리군에서 최소억제성장농도(MIC)를 나타냈으며, cadmium에서는 600ppm 처리군에서, 구리는 800ppm의 처리군에서 MIC를 보였으며, 아연 처리군에서는 800ppm에서 MIC를 나타냈다. 또한 48시간 배양에 따른 MIC 비교 결과, 중금속의 고농도 처리군에서 매우 긴 적응기를 갖는 것으로 확인하였다. 15가지의 항생체를 대상으로 저항성을 조사한 결과, ampicillin, tetracycline, cefamandole, cephalothin에서 저항성을 보엿으며 다른 S. marcescens 균주들에 비해 chloramphenicol에 대한 특이한 민감성을 보였다. 카드뮴과 납을 대상으로 중금속의 세포내 흡수를 조사한 결과 16.59%와 35.38%의 중금속이 세포내로 흡수되었음을 확인하였다.

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Sulfate Reduction for Bioremediation of AMD Facilitated by an Indigenous Acid- and Metal-Tolerant Sulfate-Reducer

  • Nguyen, Hai Thi;Nguyen, Huong Lan;Nguyen, Minh Hong;Nguyen, Thao Kim Nu;Dinh, Hang Thuy
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제30권7호
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    • pp.1005-1012
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    • 2020
  • Acid mine drainage (AMD) has been a serious environmental issue that threatens soil and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, an acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain S4, was isolated from the mud of an AMD storage pond in Vietnam via enrichment in anoxic mineral medium at pH 5. Comparative analyses of sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and dsrB gene involved in sulfate reduction revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Desulfovibrio, and is most closely related to Desulfovibrio oxamicus (with 99% homology in 16S rDNA sequence and 98% homology in dsrB gene sequence). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of dsrB gene showed that strain S4 represented one of the two most abundant groups developed in the enrichment culture. Notably, strain S4 was capable of reducing sulfate in low pH environments (from 2 and above), and resistance to extremely high concentration of heavy metals (Fe 3,000 mg/l, Zn 100 mg/l, Cu 100 mg/l). In a batch incubation experiment in synthetic AMD with pH 3.5, strain S4 showed strong effects in facilitating growth of a neutrophilic, metal sensitive Desulfovibrio sp. strain SR4H, which was not capable of growing alone in such an environment. Thus, it is postulated that under extreme conditions such as an AMD environment, acid- and metal-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-like strain S4 would facilitate the growth of other widely distributed SRB by starting to reduce sulfate at low pH, thus increasing pH and lowering the metal concentration in the environment. Owing to such unique physiological characteristics, strain S4 shows great potential for application in sustainable remediation of AMD.