• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 1992

The standardized activated sludge for the biodegradation test of anion surfactants has been produced from the collected microorganisms in the soil and the wastewaters treatment plant. The activated sludge was kept under control of the pH, dissolved oxygen, microorganisms and inoculated the basal medium flasks with LAS and LAS mixed with heavy metals [Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)]. Based of results, the inhibition effect(%) of heavy metals in LAS biodegradation were 1. All 1% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 0.1mg/l, respectively 2. All 1${\sim}$10% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 1mg/l, respectively 3. All 10${\sim}$40% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 10mg/l, respectively 4. All 30${\sim}$65% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 100mg/l, respectively And toxicity order of heavy metals to the microorganisms in LAS biodegradation were Cd>Cu>Zn in low concentration(0.1${\sim}$1mg/l)and Cd>Zn>Cu in high concentration(10${\sim}$100mg/l).

• 분석과학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.342-351
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• 2006

서울시내에 유통 중인 대형어류 17종 89건에 대하여 원자흡광광도계(AAS) 및 수은분석기 등을 이용하여 납, 카드뮴, 수은, 크롬, 구리, 비소 함량을 근육, 간 및 아가미 등의 부위별로 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다($Mean{\pm}SD$, mg/kg). 어종별 평균 중금속 함량은 Hg $0.08{\pm}0.01mg/kg$, Pb $0.17{\pm}0.32mg/kg$, Cd $0.34{\pm}0.07mg/kg$, Cr $0.05{\pm}0.05mg/kg$, Cu $1.14{\pm}0.13mg/kg$, As $0.24{\pm}0.22mg/kg$ 이었다. 부위별 유해 중금속의 전체적인 측정치를 살펴보면 중금속과 어종에 상관없이 간의 측정치가 가장 높게 나타났다. 나라별 중금속을 비교한 결과 Hg, Pb, Cu는 뉴질랜드산, Cd, As는 노르웨이산, Cr은 국내산 어류의 평균함유량이 다른 나라 어류보다 다소 높은 측정치를 보였으나, 자연함량수준으로 오염의 가능성은 없다고 생각된다. 기준초과로 검출된 어종은 일본에서 수입된 황돔으로 두 건이었다. 어류의 간과 근육 부위 중금속 함량 간의 상관관계는 Hg (r=0.989, p<0.01), Pb (r=0.978, p<0.01), Cd (r=0.991, p<0.01), Cu (r=0.998, p<0.01), As (r=0.198, p<0.05)에서 상관관계를 나타냈으며, Cr (r=0.082)은 유의적 상관관계가 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2006

본 연구는 온산 공단지역 산림토양과 그곳에 우점하고 있는 인동덩굴의 기관별 중금속(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) 함량을 분석하고 산림토양과 식물체간 중금속 함량의 상관관계를 규명하여 덩굴식물인 인동덩굴을 중금속 오염지의 토양 정화 및 식생복원에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 토양중금속 중 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn은 공단지역이 산림지역보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타낸 반면 Fe, Mn 및 Ni 함량은 산림지역이 공단지역보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중금속 중 Cd, Cu, Pb과 Zn은 인동덩굴의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리에 있어서 공단지역에서 자라는 식물체의 함량이 산림지역의 함량보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 산림토양의 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 함량과 인동덩굴 기관별 함량은 높은 정의 혹은 부의 상관을 보여주었으며, Cu가 산림토양과 인동덩굴의 기관간에 $0.93{\sim}0.99$의 가장 높은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 인동덩굴 식물체의 기관 내 높은 중금속 함량과 산림토양과의 높은 상관계수를 고려하면, 인동덩굴은 공단지역과 같이 중금속(특히 Cd, Cu, Pb와 Zn)에 오염된 산림토양에서 정화식물로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 1997

군산 장항 해안지역의 중금속 오염실태를 파악하기 위하여 해수, 해안저질토 및 어패류중 중금속함량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 해수중 중금속 평균함량은 Pb 2.35, Cd 0.52, Cu 2.09, Zn 13.65, $Hg\;0.24\;{\mu}g/l$이었다. 해안저질토중 중금속 평균함량은 Pb 19.49, Cd 0.15, Cu 9.31, Zn 20.07, Hg 0.136 mg/kg이었으며, 각 조사지점 별로 중금속함량간에 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 어류의 건물중 Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg평균함량은 풀망독(Acantogobius hasta)에서 각각 1.08, 0.05, 2.24, 58.14, 0.151 mg/kg이었으며, 숭어(Mugil cephalus)에서 각각 1.63, 0.05, 1.51, 32.69, 0.065 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 풀망독 및 숭어에서 Pb, Cu의 경우는 비슷한 축적률을 보이고 있으나 풀망독이 숭어에 비해 Zn과 Hg에서 2배 이상 높은 축적률을 보였다. 패류의 건물중 Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg 평균함량은 가무락(Cyclina sinensis)에서 각각 1.03, 1.23, 6.83, 75.83, 0.071 mg/kg이었으며, 반지락(Ruditpes philippinarum)에서 각각 0.93, 0.86, 5.90, 52.16, 0.074 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 인근 해수중 평균 중금속함량을 기준으로 계산된 중금속 축적률 순위는 패류종에 관계없이 Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb>Hg 순이었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2002

This research is compared and analyzed variations of the heavy metal contents in human hairs according to treating permanent wave manipulation before and after and permanent wave agents. This is the survey of women's hairs in 19 years old. On the basis of this we would like to analyze a extend of exposing of heavy metal scientifically. Also, we would to show a basic data for the permitted limits of heavy metal to keep the healthy hair The conclusion is as follows.; Mean contents of heavy metal in hairs is 2.11 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cd), 2.62 ppm (Ni), 256 ppm (Zn), 8.45 ppm (Cu). In reducing agents (processing lotions) of perm, 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 15.45 ppm (Zn), 0.86 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 2.30 ppm (Pb), 0.05 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 13.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). In oxidizing agents (neutralizer) of perm, 1.40 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.09 ppm (Ni), 9.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.02 ppm (Cd), 0.16 ppm (Ni), 8.00 ppm (Zn), 0.85 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). Mean contents of lead(Pb) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 3 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.05). Mean contents of cadmium(Cd) showed significant differences (p<0.001) according to 2 treating both perm agents. Mean contents of nickel (Ni) showed neither. Mean contents of zinc (Zn) showed significant differences according to 2 treating cysteine perm agents (p<0.001) and 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.01). Mean contents of copper (Cu) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.001).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1451-1462
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• 2007

Heavy metal concentrations in the soil were investigated for the abandoned Samkwang metal mine, Cheongyang-Gun, Chungnam Province, Korea. The concentrations of heavy metal(As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were determined in mine soils collected at the abandoned mine sites to obtain a general classification and specification of the pollution in this highly polluted region. The results estimated with the normal test and basis statistic on the central tendency and variation showed that the distribution of heavy metal concentration had significantly different at the range of all locations. The range of spatial distribution on the relationship of heavy metal concentration and pH was $4.8{\sim}8.8$ and heavy metal concentration on the type of land use was highest in forest land, and also Ni and Zn in farm and rice field showed the high concentration. The distribution of heavy metal concentration on the depth of a soil showed that the metal concentrations in subsoil were higher than of those in surface soil, while the concentration of Cu and Ni had no significant difference on the depth of soil. Results from the correlation analysis using the data except the extreme and unusual data revel that Zn-Cd(r=0.867), Zn-As(r=0.797), Zn-Pb(r=0.764), Cu-Cd(r=0.673), Cu-As(r=0.614) and Zn-Ni(r=0.605) were the most important parameters in assessing variations of heavy metal in soil. To discriminate pattern differences and similarities among samples, principal factor analysis(PFA) and cluster analysis(CF) were performed using a correlation matrix. This study suggests that PFA and CF techniques are useful tools for identification of important heavy metal and parameters. This study presents the necessity and usefulness of multivariate statistical assessment of complex databases in order to get better information about the quality of soil and gives the basis information to clean up the abandoned mine sites.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1999

According to the fact that algae, which is usually used as a biosorbent, contains chlorophyll, we used the chlorophyll as an adsorbent. In this study, chlorophyll is immobilized by agar, which was made of platan, oak, ginkgo and pine. We investigated the removing capacity of biosorbents to toxic heavy metals (Pb, CU, Cd, Zn) in the single ion solution. Then the experimental parameters were pH, reaction time and concentration of heavy metal ions.The optimum conditions for the adsorption of heavy metals were as follows : pH range was 4~5, reaction time was 40mon, and the highest ratio of the removing rate was 50~70 ppm. The order of the amount of Pb, Cu and Cd removed was specified as oak > ginkgo > pine > platan in these conditions and as pine > ginkgo > oak > platan at Zn. Fro the results of the desorption experiments, we found that the heavy metal with the highest ratio of desorption in the single ion adsorbent was Cu.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.536-539
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• 2003

The Dongjung Au-Ag-Cu mine area was seriously contaminated with As and heavy metals-Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn etc. Those elements were highly accumulated in plants grown at farmland as well as farmland soil. Stream waters and groundwater which has been used as drinking water around the mine site contain high levels of heavy metals, especially As. As a result of human health risk assessment using EHS(Extraction of Heavy metals in Stomach and Small intestine) test for bioaccessible contents of heavy metals, there is a potential of cancer and adverse effects on human health for the residents of the mine area.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

본 연구는 인 축적능을 갖는 것으로 알려진 미생물인 Alcaligenes sp.의 생장 및 인 축적에 중금속이 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고자 실시되었다. 미생물의 생장 및 인 제거에 미치는 저해효과를 정량적 평가를 위해 생장저해 정도와 인 제거반응저해 정도를 IC₅₀와 EC₅₀를 이용하여 표현하였고, 중금속 간 교호작용의 평가를 위해 Additive Index Value method (A.I.V) 를 이용하여 중금속 간 혼합효과를 판단하였다. 실험 결과를 통해 Alcaligenes sp.의 생장 및 인 제거에 미치는 저해효과가 가장 큰 중금속은 카드뮴(Cd)이었다. 반면, 상대적으로 저해효과가 약한 중금속은 니켈(Ni)이었다. 모든 중금속은 처리 농도가 증가할수록 미생물의 생장과 인 제거율을 감소시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 단일 중금속 처리시 IC₅₀에 해당하는 농도는 Cd 0.38, Cu 16.43, Zn 12.17, Pb 11.68, Ni 15.35 mg/L 이다. 연구에 사용된 균주 Alcaligenes sp. 의 인 제거율은 88.1%였고, EC₅₀에 해당하는 농도는 Cd 0.31, Cu 10.37, Zn 5.57, Pb 6.74, Ni 12.04 mg/L 이다. 두 종의 중금속을 혼합 처리하였을 때 IC₅₀에 해당하는 농도가 가장 낮은 중금속 처리구는 Cd + Cu 처리구였으며, 가장 높은 처리구는 Zn + Pb 처리구였다. EC₅₀의 농도는 Cd + Cu 처리구에서 가장 낮은 농도를, Cu + Ni 처리구에서 가장 높은 농도를 보였다. 중금속 간 교호작용은 대부분 길항효과(antagonistic effect)를 보였으나, IC₅₀의 경우, Cu + Zn, Cu + Pb, Cu + Ni, Pb + Ni 처리구에서 상승효과(synergistic effect)를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, EC₅₀에서는 Cu + Zn, Pb + Ni 처리구에서 상가효과(additive effect)를, Cu + Ni 처리구에서 상승효과(synergistic effect)를 보였다. 연구 결과는 중금속을 단일 및 2종 혼합 처리하였을 때 중금속이 인 제거 미생물의 생장 및 기능에 미치는 독성효과에 대한 기초자료를 제공함으로써 추후 진행될 미생물 단백질 동정, 중금속 독성평가에 관한 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.411-417
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• 1999

The interfacial chemical behavior, lattice exchange and dissolution, of $FeS_{(S)}$ as one of the important sulfide minerals was studied. Emphases were made on the surface characterization of hydrous $FeS_{(S)}$, the lattice exchange of Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$, and its effect on the dissolution of $FeS_{(S)}$, and also affect some organic ligands on that of both Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. Cu(II) which has lower sulfide solubility in water than $FeS_{(S)}$ undergoes the lattice exchange reaction when Cu(II) ion contacts $FeS_{(S)}$ in the aqueous phase. For heavy metals which have higher sulfide solubilities in water than $FeS_{(S)}$, these metal ions were adsorbed on the surface of $FeS_{(S)}$. Such a reaction was interpreted by the solid solution formation theory. Phthalic acid(a weak chelate agent) and EDTA(a strong chelate agent) were used to demonstrate the effect of organic lignads on the lattice exchange reaction between Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. The $pH_{zpc}$ of $FeS_{(S)}$ is 7 and the effect of ionic strength is not showed. It can be expected that phthalic acid has little effect on the lattice exchange reaction between Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. whereas EDTA has very decreased the removal of Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. This study shows that stability of sulfide sediments was predicted by its solubility. The pH control of the alkaline-neutralization process to treat heavy metal in wastewater treatment process did not needed. Thereby, it was regarded as an optimal process which could apply to examine a long term stability of marshland closely in the treatment of heavy metal in wastewater released from a disussed mine.