• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2009

To investigate the possible applications of plants to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated soil, a pilot experiment was performed for four years in a reclaimed dredging area using two Alnus species, i.e., Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta. In a comparison of phytomass of the two species at two different planting densities, the phytomass of Alnus planted at low density was twice as high as that of Alnus planted at high density after four years. The Alnus species showed active acclimation to the heavy-metal-contaminated soil in a reclaimed dredging area. A. hirsuta showed greater accumulation of phytomass than A. firma, indicating that it is the better candidate for the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils. In the pilot system, Alnus plants took metals up from the soil in the following order; Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > As > Cd. Uptake rates of heavy metals per individual phytomass was higher for Alnus spp. planted at low density than those planted at high density in the pilot system. Low plant density resulted in higher heavy metal uptake per plant, but the total heavy metal concentration was not different for plants planted at low and high density, suggesting that the plant density effect might not be important with regard to total uptake by plants. The quantity of leached heavy metals below ground was far in excess of that taken up by plants, indicating that an alternative measurement is required for the removal of heavy metals that have leached into ground water and deeper soil. We conclude that Alnus species are potential candidates for phytoremediation of heavy-metal- contaminated surface soil in a reclaimed dredging area.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 1999

Heavy metal accumulation in living organisms through food-wed can give serious damage on physiological responses for vital activities. The initiation of heavy metal supposed to begin from the bio-accumulation of plants. To establish basic data fur heavy metal contents in plants at the area without artificial contamination, both woody and herb plants at Mt. Kwang-Duk were studied. The content of heavy metals in various organs of plants were analyzed by ICP. The range of heavy metals in plants for Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe. Mn, Pb, Se and Zn were 1.019∼257.200ppm, O∼2.929ppm, 0∼0.079ppm, 0∼0.054ppm, 0.023∼3.007ppm, 0∼1.997ppm, 2.031∼148.500ppm, 1.069∼51.320ppm, O∼126.900ppm, 0.708∼4.927ppm and 0.846∼4.949ppm, respectively. The amount of heavy metals in plants are much less than that of soil except some species. In woody plants, it was detected that the metal contents of leaves were higher than that of stems especially in case of Al and Fe with statistical significance. There were significant differences between shoots and roots of herb plants in metal content of Al, Co and Fe. Those metals have more accumulated in roots comparing with shoots. Some species of plants had shown the difference tendency of heavy metal accumulation. Generally, most species had not exceeded over twice of mean value each other, and had various difference according to the kinds of heavy metals.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.424-433
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand the changes on species composition of the epilithic diatoms and the appearance of morphological abnormalities in the upper region of the Nakdong River where heavy metal inflow is observed. The samples were collected once a week for a month of September 2016 from selecting 7 sampling stations. The heavy metals of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were not detected during the survey period, but zinc (Zn) was detected in st.4 - st.6 with the range of $0.015{\sim}0.188mg\;L^{-1}$. Metal sensitive species such as Achnanthes convergens, Cocconeis placentula, Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata showed high dominance in st.1 - st.3, st.7. However, metal tolerant species such as Nitzschia palea, Achnanthes minutissima showed high dominance in st.4 - st.6. It is concluded that heavy metal inflow directly affects the changes in species composition of epilithic diatoms. As a result of CCA, the characteristics of the sampling sites were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was represented the non-detected Zn sites with C. placentula, C. placentula var. euglypta, C. placentula var. lineata. Group 2 was showed the detected Zn sites with Navicula minima and Nitzschia palea. Group 3 was included st.3 - st.7 on 4th week that was stabilized the community structure. Total 8 taxa of abnormal frustules observed. This occurrence of abnormal frustules reflected the temporal and quantitative indicators of heavy metal pollution, in particular, it was confirmed that genus Fragilaria, which has a high abnormality according to heavy metal pollution, can be used as an indicator species.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 2022

Heavy metal contaminations were investigated in fishes inhabiting the basins of Andong, Imha and Yeongju dam basins along the upper stream of the Nakdong river. The characteristics of heavy metals contamination in fish were investigated based on sampling sites located in the Andong dam basin. The muscle tissue was analyzed for 267 objects of 26 species from the Andong dam, 50 objects of 17 species from Imha dam, 38 objects of 9 species fromYoungju dam basin.The type and amount of heavy metals concentrated in the body of the fishes was found to be species-dependent. The heavy metal species which contamination increase through the Seokpo smelter are chromium, zinc, cadmium, and lead, and these are very likely the influence of the smelter. The concentration of eight heavy metals in fish from the Andong dam basin was higher than that in fish from the Imha and Youngju dam basins; the values for zinc, arsenic, and cadmium were significantly higher. However, mercury and lead exhibited high values in the Imha and Yeongju dam basins, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 1995

Restoration of ecosystems degraded by heavy metal pollution can be accomplished by soil amendment and selection and utilization of plants tolerant to heavy metals. Two former zinc mine sites, Sambo Mine in Hwasung, Kyonggi-do and the Second Yonhwa Mine in Samchuk, Kangwon-do, were selected for collection of plant samples and for determination of heavy metal tolerant species. Dominant species on mine waste deposits in Hwasung site were Panicum bisulcatum and Echinoch/oa crus-galli, while those in Samchuk site were Aster yomena, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Oenothera odorata. Mean contents of zinc, lead and cadmium in Hwasung soil were 103, 117 and 1 ppm, respectively, while those in Samchuk soil were 23, 6 and 4 ppm, respectively, Zinc contents were higher in Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and in Artemisia lavandulaefolia from Samchuk, while lead contents were higher in Panicum bisulcatum and Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and Lactuca sonchiJolia and Pinus densiJolia from Samchuk. Plant species with higher cadmium contents were Panicum bisulcatum and Lactuca sonchiJolia. Comparison of metal contents between roots and shoots showed that Echinochloa crus-galli was a zinc accumulator, while Panicum bisulcatum, Persicaria hydroPiPer, Pinus densiJlora and Lactuca sonchiJolia were zinc excluders. In addition, Panicum bisulcatum and Persicaria hydroPiPer were proved to be lead excluders. When both heavy metal contents in plant tissues and biomass of individual plants are considered, it can be concluded that Echinochloa crus-galli and Panicum bisulcatum from Hwasung and Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Aster yomena are heavy metal absorbing plants. The effect of heavy metals on seed germination showed that Artemisia princeps var. orientalis had higher germination rates, but no significant difference in concomitant decrease of germination rates among the species investigated were found by increasing heavy metal contents.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was in search of native plant species showing metal-resistant property and excessively accumulating heavy metals in metal-contaminated soil or abandoned mines as well as in evaluation of applicability of phytoremediation. In the study area, species showing excessively accumulating heavy metals were a shepherd´s purse, pampas grass, a Korean lettuce, a Hwansam vine, the Korean persicary, a foxtail, a goosefoot, and a water pepper. The first screened plant species in Sambo mine were as shepherd's purse, Korean lettuce and pampas grass Among them the shepherd´s purse can be excluded because it is a seasonal plant and has lower removal capacity for heavy metals. The Korean lettuce was also excluded because of having lower removal capacity for heavy metals. Pampas grass is a highly bionic plant species constantly growing from spring. However it has weak points such as little accumulation capacity for zinc as well as small values of an accumulation factor and a translocation factor. Another problem is regarded as removal of roots after the clean up if pampas grass is applied to a farmland. In Sanyang mine, wormwood and Sorijaengi were considered as adaptable species.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.312-318
• /
• 1998

중금속 오염에 대한 식물복원법(phytoremediation)에 적합한 식물종의 탐색과 확립에 필요한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 공시 식물은 단풍잎돼지풀, 갓, 소리쟁이, 어저귀와 같은 야생식물을 이용하였다. 이들 종에 중금속으로 카드뮴과 구리를 처리하여 유묘의 출현과 유묘시기의 생육의 변화 및 양액재배를 통해 중금속이 이들 종에 미치는 영향과 축적되는 정도를 알아보았다. 공시종을 모래에 파종 후 중금속을 토양내 위험 수준으로 처리하고 pH를 6.5, 5.5, 4.5 조절하였을 때 pH가 낮아질수록 출현율 및 유묘의 생육은 저하되었으며 카드뮴에 비해 구리의 피해가 좀더 심하였다. 공시종 중 phy-toremediation에 가장 적합한 종은 단풍잎돼지풀이었으며 이종은 중금속에 의한 유묘의 출현과 초기 생육의 영향이 다른 종에 비해 적었으며, 양액 재배에 있어서도 $20{\mu}mol/L$Cd와 $80{\mu}mol/L$ Cu정도의 농도 처리에 의한 피해 정도가 미약하였다. 미국돼지풀은 중금속 축적량이 유묘의 카드뮴 311mg/kg, 구리 369mg/kg 정도가 축적되어 양호한 결과를 나타냈다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2002

중금속 오염토양에 대한 식물학적 복원에 적합한 식물종 탐색을 위하여 수목류 5종, 화훼류 2종 및 잔디를 대상으로 제련소 인근 중금속 오염지 포장에서 3년간 재배하여 연차별로 식물중에 흡수된 중금속 함량을 조사하였다. 식물의 건물중은 양황철, 팽나무, 적단풍, 사철나무, 회양목 순이었고, 연차별 건물중의 증가도 팽나무, 양황철, 적단풍이 높게 나타났다. 식물의 중금속은 지하부가 지상부보다 높은 함량을 보였으며, 식물중 회양목은 뿌리에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 공시식물의 3년차 총 흡수량은 카드뮴이 양황철, 팽나무, 단풍나무, 구리가 팽나무, 양황철, 회양목, 납이 양황철, 팽나무, 단풍나무, 비소가 회양목, 단풍나무, 양황철 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 식물의 건물중과 중금속 흡수량을 볼 때 양황철, 회양목, 단풍나무 및 팽나무 등이 중금속으로 오염된 토양에 대한 정화 식물로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2004

Three kinds of toxic heavy metals, such as lead, copper, and cadmium, existing abundantly in contaminated soils were selected to investigate pH change, electroosmotic flow, and the removal rate in the application of electrokinetic process. In the change of pHs, they reached to about 12 and 2 at each cathodic and anodic region, respectively, and maintained for reaction being proceeded. Electroosmotic flow rates were not influenced by the kind of metal species but by electropotential gradient. On the soils contaminated by each metal, the removal rate of Cd was the fastest among three as in the order of Cd>Pb>Cu. While on the soils contaminated by mixed metal species, Cu was the fastest. Metal species transported by electrokinetic processes were distributed in between 0.9 and 1.0 of normalized region. In the case of soils contaminated by one kind of metal. the relative concentrations of Pb and Cd estimated in between normalized region 0.9 and 1.0 were 5.2 and 5.7, respectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal accumulation in wild plants. The samples from 5 plant species on 14 sites were taken on the roadside where urban and industrial regions in northern Gyeonggi do. Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Chenopodium album L. var. centrobrum, Erigeron canadensis L., Rumex crispus L. and Taraxacum platycapum H. Dahlst were taken from different parts of the plants gathered in surveyed sites for analysing. This study classified which species were suitable to accumulators, excluders, or indicators which were provided as Phytoremediation for heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and considered the applicability of that work. 1. The mean accumulation of 6 heavy metals in plants was as follows; Zn> Cu> Cr> Pb> Ni> Cd in rows except for Ni and Pb in Erigeron. 2. The highest heavy metal accumulators were Taraxacum and Artemisia. 3. The comparison of heavy metal accumulations between the tops and roots in the plants was as follows; Zn> Cd> Pb> Ni> Cu> Cr. 4. Comparison of heavy metal accumulations between tops and roots, root parts were higher than the top parts in most of the plants. Especially, in Taraxacum, a ratio was over 1.0 in Cr, Ni, and Zn. Therefore, Taraxacum was an accumulator for 3 heavy metals. And Erigeron, Chenopodium, Rumex, Artemisia were good for excluders which had lower than 1.0.