• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2024

Multi-Object trajectory modeling is a major challenge in MOT. CenterTrack tried to solve this problem with a Heatmap-based method that tracks the object center position. However, it showed limited performance when tracking objects with complex movements and nonlinearities. Considering the degradation factor of CenterTrack as the dynamic movement of pedestrians, we integrated the EKF into CenterTrack. To demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method, we applied the existing KF and UKF to CenterTrack and compared and evaluated it on various datasets. The experimental results confirmed that when EKF was integrated into CenterTrack, it achieved 73.7% MOTA, making it the most suitable filter for CenterTrack.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.9
• /
• pp.712-720
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rat corneal-derived epithelial cells as an in vitro model to evaluate the harmfulness of the cornea caused by particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5). To establish an experimental model for the effect of PM_2.5 on corneal epithelial cells, it was confirmed that primary cultured cells isolated from rat eyes were corneal epithelial cells through pan-cytokeratin staining. Our results showed that PM_2.5 treatment reduced cell viability of primary rat corneal epithelial (RCE) cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. PM_2.5 treatment also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines was increased in PM_2.5-treated RCE cells. Furthermore, through heatmap analysis showing various expression profiling between PM_2.5-exposed and unexposed RCE cells, we proposed five genes, including BLNK, IL-1RA, Itga2b, ABCb1a and Ptgs2, as potential targets for clinical treatment of PM-related ocular diseases. These findings indicate that the primary RCE cell line is a useful in vitro model system for the study of PM_2.5-mediated pathological mechanisms and that PM2.5-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses are key factors in PM2.5-induced ocular surface disorders.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.7
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 2021

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common renal disorder in children attributed to podocyte injury. However, children with the same diagnosis have markedly variable treatment responses, clinical courses, and outcomes, suggesting molecular heterogeneity. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the molecular responses of podocytes to nephrotic plasma to identify specific genes and signaling pathways differentiating various clinical NS groups as well as biological processes that drive injury in normal podocytes. Methods: Transcriptome profiles from immortalized human podocyte cell line exposed to the plasma of 8 subjects (steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome [SSNS], n=4; steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome [SRNS], n=2; and healthy adult individuals [control], n=2) were generated using microarray analysis. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of global gene expression data was broadly correlated with the clinical classification of NS. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis of diseased groups (SSNS or SRNS) versus healthy controls identified 105 genes (58 up-regulated, 47 down-regulated) in SSNS and 139 genes (78 up-regulated, 61 down-regulated) in SRNS with 55 common to SSNS and SRNS, while the rest were unique (50 in SSNS, 84 genes in SRNS). Pathway analysis of the significant (P≤0.05, -1≤ log2 FC ≥1) differentially expressed genes identified the transforming growth factor-β and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways to be involved in both SSNS and SRNS. DGE analysis of SSNS versus SRNS identified 2,350 genes with values of P≤0.05, and a heatmap of corresponding expression values of these genes in each subject showed clear differences in SSNS and SRNS. Conclusion: Our study observations indicate that, although podocyte injury follows similar pathways in different clinical subgroups, the pathways are modulated differently as evidenced by the heatmap. Such transcriptome profiling with a larger cohort can stratify patients into intrinsic subtypes and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2019.07a
• /
• pp.139-140
• /
• 2019

난독증은 정상적인 지능에도 불구하고 문장을 읽기가 어려운 독서 장애다. 난독증 진단 방법은 ADHD처럼 증상 체크리스트가 없다. 지적장애를 판정할 때 사용하는 웩슬러 지능검사 같은 전 세계인이 사용하는 아주 보편화된 심리검사도 없다. 미국 진단기준의 최신판인 DSM-5에도 어떤 검사를 해서 기준점수 아래여야 진단할 수 있다고 명확히 써놓지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 글자, 단어, 문장, 문단의 단위를 설정하여 화면에 출력하고 아이트래커를 활용하여 읽는 사람의 시선 데이터를 수집하여 히트맵으로 분석한다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1020-1025
• /
• 2021

Facial alignment is very important task for human life. And facial landmark detection is one of the instrumental methods in face alignment. We introduce the stacked hourglass networks with transposed convolutional layers for facial landmark detection. our method substitutes nearest neighbor upsampling for transposed convolutional layer. Our method returns better accuracy in facial landmark detection compared to stacked hourglass networks with nearest neighbor upsampling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2021.11a
• /
• pp.284-287
• /
• 2021

4차 산업혁명으로 인해 제조산업에 인공지능, 빅데이터와 같은 ICT 기술을 활용한 스마트팩토리의 제조 공정 자동화 및 장치 고도화 연구가 진행되고 있다. 제조 공정 자동화를 위해 스마트팩토리의 각 계층별 장치들이 유기적으로 연결되고 있으며, 이로 인해 발생 가능한 보안위협도 증가하고 있다. 스마트팩토리에서는 SIEM 등의 장비가 보안위협 데이터를 수집·분석·시각화하여 대응하고 있다. 보안위협 데이터 시각화에는 그리드 뷰, 피벗 뷰, 그래프, 차트, 테이블을 활용한 대시보드 형태로 제공하고 있지만, 이는 스마트팩토리 전 계층의 보안위협 데이터 확인에 대한 가시성이 부족하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 스마트팩토리 보안위협 데이터를 CVSS 점수 기반의 Likelihood와 보안위협 데이터 기반의 Impact를 활용하여 위험도를 도출하고, 히트맵 기반 스마트팩토리 보안위협 데이터 시각화 모델을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2020.07a
• /
• pp.727-731
• /
• 2020

인공신경망의 예측 결과에 대한 원인을 분석하는 것은 모델을 신뢰하기 위해 필요한 작업이다. 이에 컴퓨터 비전 분야에서는 돌출맵 또는 히트맵의 형태로 모델이 어떤 내용을 근거로 예측했는지 시각화 하는 모델 해석 방법들이 제안되었다. 하지만 오디오 분야에서는 스펙트로그램 상의 시각적 해석이 직관적이지 않으며, 실제 어떤 소리를 근거로 판단했는지 이해하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 히트맵의 청취 분석 시스템을 제안하고, 이를 활용한 음향 장면 분류 모델의 히트맵 청취 분석 실험을 진행하여 인공신경망의 예측 결과에 대해 사람이 이해할 수 있는 설명을 제공할 수 있는지 확인한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2022

Korea's construction industry has a shortage and aging of construction manpower, low productivity compared to other industries, and a high rate of industrial accidents. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is preparing for the 4th industrial revolution and is expanding investment in construction automation and innovative growth engines to improve productivity in the construction industry. In order for new technologies to be utilized in the road construction field, the accuracy of the technologies and the applicability of each type of work must be evaluated. In this study, the accuracy of the mobile mapping system was tried to verify based on the relevant work regulations, and to suggest the applicability of the mobile mapping system to high-speed driving tracks through data acquisition and analysis on road construction sites. The accuracy of the equipment used in the study was verified in accordance with the relevant work regulations, and the possibility of applying the mobile mapping system used for the study to road construction surveying was presented with a maximum error of less than 10cm in the horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, the possibility of utilizing the road construction survey using the mobile mapping system was presented through comparison with the existing method for data acquisition time for construction surveying, production of construction status survey results, and calculation of heatmap and earthworks. In the future, the use of construction status surveying of the mobile mapping system will greatly improve the efficiency of construction work.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2021

Knives are most frequently used as weapons in violent crimes. Criminals leave behind knife sheaths made of paper and tape at crime scenes. It is difficult to develop fingerprints using tape attached to a porous surface, resulting in the need to explore effective techniques for identifying fingerprints as well as the distribution of fingerprints on each surface, when evidence such as paper knife sheaths are found. In this study, 50 knife sheaths were prepared. The cyanoacrylate fuming (CA fuming) method was applied to develop fingerprints on the non-adhesive side of the tape, and a dual-purpose 1,2-indanedione/Zn (1,2-IND/Zn) reagent was used to separate tape from paper while simultaneously developing fingerprints on the paper. The fingerprints on the adhesive side of the tape were developed using Wet Powder Black^®. Using the R statistical analysis program (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing), we used a heat map to indicate the location of fingerprints developed from each surface. More fingerprints were detected at the ends than in the center of the adhesive side of the tape, and although the non-adhesive sides of tape and paper did not present clear distribution patterns, many fingerprints were developed that had sufficient clarity for personal identification. The results of this study may be applicable for processing evidence when paper sheaths are found at crime scenes.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2023

As next-generation sequencing has been developed and used widely, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has rapidly emerged as the first choice of tools to validate global transcriptome profiling. With the significant advances in RNA-seq, various types of RNA-seq have evolved in conjunction with the progress in bioinformatic tools. On the other hand, it is difficult to interpret the complex data underlying the biological meaning without a general understanding of the types of RNA-seq and bioinformatic approaches. In this regard, this paper discusses the two main sections of RNA-seq. First, two major variants of RNA-seq are described and compared with the standard RNA-seq. This provides insights into which RNA-seq method is most appropriate for their research. Second, the most widely used RNA-seq data analyses are discussed: (1) exploratory data analysis and (2) pathway enrichment analysis. This paper introduces the most widely used exploratory data analysis for RNA-seq, such as principal component analysis, heatmap, and volcano plot, which can provide the overall trends in the dataset. The pathway enrichment analysis section introduces three generations of pathway enrichment analysis and how they generate enriched pathways with the RNA-seq dataset.