• Title/Summary/Keyword: Heating treated temperature

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Inactivation of Castor Bean Allergen CB-1A by Heating and Chemical Treatment

  • Kim, Byong-Ki
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.441-446
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    • 2006
  • The biological effects of heating and chemical treatment on castor meal were investigated in order to develop a procedure to inactivate its antigenic activity in a way that is suitable for industrial applications. A 1% solution of purified castor bean allergen (CB-1A) was heat-treated with or without exposure to NaOH and NaOCI (250 ppm each). CB-1A exhibited extreme stability when heat-treated alone. In the presence of NaOH and NaOCl, CB-1A showed a drastic decrease in antigenic activity as the temperature surpassed the critical level of $70^{\circ}C$. The gradual disappearance of disc gel electrophoresis bands presumably responsible for the allergenicity of CB-1A, along with the significant losses of the amino acids phenylalanine, methionine, arginine, histidine, and cysteine correlated with the loss of CB-1A activity. CB-1A showed a single symmetrical band in SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis with an estimated molecular weight of 6,000 daltons. The chemical and heat treatments reduced the disulfide bond content of CB-1A by 9.1% with a coincident increase in sulfhydryl bonds.

The Effect of Differential Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of the Large Back-up Roll (대형Back-Up roll에서 차등열처리가 기계적 성질 및 조직변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Gyeong-Hyeon;Gang, Seok-Bong;Jeon, Ui-Jin;Jang, Yun-Seok
    • 한국기계연구소 소보
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    • s.16
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    • pp.3-16
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    • 1986
  • The first specimens were sampled across the depth of roll products processed by rapid heating and cooling of the roll, namely, differential heat treatment. The second samples were taken from the non-heat treated roll at different depths. The samples were heat treated following the same temperature history as that at each corresponding location in the roll where the samples were taken. Consequently, both specimens showed the similar microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile, impact and fatigue strength etc.)

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The Changes of the Microstructure and the Physical Properties of Heat Set PET Partially Oriented Yarns (PET부분배향사(POY)의 열처리에 따른 내부구조 및 물성변화)

  • Choi Jong Myoung;Cho Gil Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.12 no.3 s.28
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    • pp.343-350
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    • 1988
  • This study was carried out to investigate the microstructure and physical property of PET POY which was taut-annealed under various conditions. The DSC melting curves of annealed PET POY showed double melting peaks in most cases. As temperature and time increased, form II crystal became sharp and increased in size, and form I crystal decreased in size. The slower the heating rate, the higher the programmed heating effect during DSC analysis. Crystallinity and briefringence of annealed specimens increased as the treatment temperature and time increased. Breaking tenacity of specimens treated for 3 minutes increased as the treatment temperature increased, but others decreased. Elongation at break decreased as the annealing temperature and time increased. Dye uptake of annealed specimens decreased as the temperature increased up to $190^{\circ}C\~210^{\circ}C$. then the uptakes increased at higher temperatures. At the same temperature, dye uptake of the specimen decreased as time increased.

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A Study on Surface Case Hardening of Blend Heat Treated Mild Steel (복합열처리(複合熱處理)한 연강(軟鋼)의 표면경화(表面硬化)에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, In-Sang;Chon, Hae-Dong;Sin, Soug-Mok
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 1992
  • It is investigated that Fe-C-N compound layer, defusion layer, and induction hardened layer produced by nitrocarburizing blend heat treatment in austenitic temperature with high frequency induction heating of mild steel specimen sprayed sursulf salt-bath. As the temperature of blend-heat treatment got increased, the thickness and hardness of compound layer and diffusion layer were increased. Compound layer(max. $35{\mu}m$), diffusion layer (max. 2.5mm) and induction hardened layer were gained in the shortest time 10 sec and in the case of $1000^{\circ}C$ total hardness depth of those was about 3.5mm. When the blend-heat treated specimen was reheated, maximum hardness of compound layer was dropped more than that of the reheated compound layer after sursulf treated, whereas hardness of diffusion layer was increased.

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The influence of heating rate on the carbonization of sulfuric acid-impregnated cellulose (황산첨가 셀룰로오스의 탄화에서 승온속도의 영향)

  • 김대영
    • Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2003
  • The influence factors for char yield in the carbonization process of natural cellulose are the carbonization temperature, the heating rate and the atmosphere in the furnace. In general, it is well known that the improvement of char yield is expected under the conditions of the lower carbonization temperature, the slower heating rate and the presence of inert gas in the furnace. In this study, it has been investigated the effect of the heating rate control with sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent for the improvement of char yield in the carbonization process of natural cellulose. The cellulose treated with sulfuric acid has shown the weak dependency of heating rate in char yield, whereas the untreated cellulose has shown the strong dependency. These findings clearly suggest that it can be useful to control heating rate with appropriate dehydrating agent in the carbonization process to improve the char yield and shortening the carbonization time.

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Effect of Microwave and High-temperature Heating Methods on Contaminates Removal from Oil-contaminated Soil by Heat Treatment (유류오염토양의 열처리에서 micro파와 고온발열체 방법이 오염제거에 미치는 영향)

  • Ha, Sang-An;Wang, Jei-Pil
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to observe the removal efficiency of oil-contaminated soil by various tests using microwaves and high-temperature heating elements. The water content was measured with the treatment amount, which was lowered to 300g in a relatively short amount of time. The treatment rate of TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) showed the highest value with 70.1% when the SiC-activated carbon heating element was at 4 kW/kg, compared to the SiC heating element used alone. In particular, the higher electric power became, the higher treatment rate became, except at 3 kW. In the case of the heating element made by the fusion of SiC and activated carbon, the internal temperature exceeded $300^{\circ}C$ and again fell when it was treated at 4 kW for about 2 minutes. Then, after about 8 minutes, it rose again. On the basis of such results, the energy content necessary for the sample was calculated according to the electric power of microwaves, and tthe constant of TPH treatment was measured by tests on the treatment characteristics of oil-contaminated soil.

Effect of ethene($C_2H_4$) on DeNOx using Plasma/Post-Heating System (플라즈마/후가열 장치를 이용한 NOx 저감에 에틴($C_2H_4$)이 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Sang-Ho;Lee, Hyeong-Sang;Park, Kwang-Seo;Chun, Bae-Hyeock;Chun, Kwang-Min
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.06a
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2002
  • The characteristics of DeNOx conversion process by plasma/post-heating system with the simulated gas containing ethene is investigated experimentally. Without plasma treatment, $NO-NO_2$ conversion doesn't occur by $400^{\circ}C$ in a mixture of $N_2/O_2$ with a trace gas of ethene. But $NO-NO_2$ conversion occurs as temperature increases above $400^{\circ}C$. The NO can, however, be converted to $NO_2$ at lower temperatures by treating the gas mixture with non-thermal plasma. The $NO-NO_2$ conversion enhances further by passing the plasma treated gas through the post-heating furnace. Results show that 20%${\sim}50%$ more conversion of NO to $NO_2$ is observed when the temperatures of the post-heating furnace are maintained at $300^{\circ}C$ or $400^{\circ}C$. The additional $NO-NO_2$ conversion by post-heating is due to the reaction of ethene with the byproducts or radicals generated from the plasma reaction.

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A Study On the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Isothermally Annealed after Elevated heating of PET filaments (ET filament의 승온열처리에 의한 구조 및 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Eun-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.387-392
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    • 2003
  • The change of crystalline structure and mechanical properties of PET filaments were investigated. Samples were treated by isothermally annealed after elevated heating. Measurements were carried out of density gradient tube for crystallinity and UTM for initial modulus and yield stress. Isothermally heat treatment were carried out $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$ for 10min., 30min., 60min, in silicon oil bath. And isothermally heat treatment after elevated heating from $20^{\circ}C$ were carried out $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$ for 10min., 30min., 60min., with heating rate of $5^{\circ}C/min$., $10^{\circ}C/min$. From the results of this study, it found the following facts. It was found that the crystallinity, initial modulus and yield stress of samples were increased with increasing of annealed temperature and time. Also crystallinity, initial modulus and yield stress of samples which were isothermally annealed after elevated heating from $20^{\circ}C$ were larger than those of isohtermally annealed samples.

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Influence of Curing and Heating on Formation of N-Nitrosamines from Biogenic Amines in Food Model System using Korean Traditional Fermented Fish Product

  • Mah, Jae-Hyung;Yoon, Mi-Young;Cha, Gyu-Suk;Byun, Myung-Woo;Hwang, Han-Joon
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.168-170
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    • 2005
  • The myeolchi-jeot samples were divided into different groups with or without the supplementation with biogenic amines. Subsequently, the samples were placed in an oven at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr to allow the chemical reaction to proceed, and then were analyzed for N-nitrosamine contents using GC-TEA. N-nitrosamine was not detected in any of the myeolchi-jeot samples which had been treated with/without sodium nitrite. On the other hand, the yield of N-nitrosopyrrolidine from 1,000 mg/kg of putrescine and spermidine in the myeolchi-jeot samples (treated with 5 mg/kg of sodium nitrite) was 0.002 and 0.014%, respectively. N-nitrosamine was not produced from any other biogenic amines like, histamine, tyramine, cadaverine and spermine. In addition, curing and heating were the factors which influenced the formation of N-nitrosamine during the nitrosation of biogenic polyamines. For the formation of N-nitrosamine in the food systems, treatment with sodium nitrite and heating at appropriate temperature along with the satisfied supplementation of biogenic polyamines are required.

The Study for the characteristics of mechanically and thermally treated PET films (기계적 및 열적 처리된 PET 필름의 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 이종영;노지영;박성수
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 2001
  • The influence of thermal treatment and cold drawing was investigated for poly(ethy1ene terephthalate) films fabricated with various experimental conditions. Samples were elongated at room temperature under stepwise-drawing condition with the cross-head speed kom 0.5 to 500 mrdmin in an universal tester. Stress oscillation was observed in the stress-stnin curve of the samples heat-treatd at 50, 72 and $129^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, but it was not observed in the samples heat-treatd at $83^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Thermal analyses of the samples were carried out in differential scanning calorimeter at the heating rate df $10^{\circ}C$/min/min, and the glass transition temperature, crystallization peak, enthalpy of fusion and degree of crystallinity were measured. The dynamic mechanical analyses of the samples were also carried out in a multiplefimction internal kiction pendulum at 1 Hz with the heating rate of $1.5^{\circ}C$/min, and it was found that the elastic modulus increases in the order of non-treated, heat-treated, and elongated samples.

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