• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2019

The use of recycled aggregate concrete for the purpose of environmental and resource conservation has gained increasing interest in construction engineering. Nevertheless, few studies have reported on the bonding performance of the bars in recycled aggregate concrete after exposed to high temperatures. In this paper, 72 pull-out specimens and 36 cubic specimens with different recycled coarse aggregate content (i.e., 0%, 50%,100%) were cast to evaluate the bond behavior between recycled aggregate concrete and steel bar after various temperatures ($20^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$). The results show that the recycled aggregate concrete pull-out specimens exhibited similar bond stress-slip curves at both ambient and high temperature. The bond strength declined gradually with the increase of the temperature. On the basis of a regression analysis of the experimental data, a revised bond strength mode and peak slip ratios relationship model were proposed to predict the post-heating bond-slip behavior between recycled aggregate concrete and steel bar.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.703-720
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• 2020

This paper investigates the safety of the wind turbine blade against excessive deformation. For this purpose, the performance of the blade in the along-wind direction is improved by longitudinal stiffener made of shape memory alloy. The rationale behind the selection of this smart material is due to its ability to offer excellent thermo-mechanical behaviour at low strain. Here, Liang-Roger model is adopted for vibration control, and the super-elastic effects are utilised for blade stiffening. Turbulent wind fields are generated at the hub height using TurbSim and the corresponding loads are evaluated using blade element momentum theory. An efficient switching algorithm is developed along with performance curves that enable the designer to select an optimal mode of heating depending upon the operational scenario. Numerical results presented in this paper clearly demonstrate the performance envelope of the proposed stiffener and its influence on the reliability of the blade.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.47.1-47.1
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• 2021

Transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves often called Alfvénic (or kink) waves have been often theoretically put forward to solve the outstanding problems of the solar corona like coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, and chemical abundance enhancement. Here we report the first spectroscopic detection of Alfvénic waves around a sunspot at chromospheric heights. By analyzing the spectra of the Hα line and Ca II 854.2 nm line, we determined line-of-sight velocity and temperature as functions of position and time. As a result, we identified transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves pervading the superpenumbral fibrils. These waves are characterized by the periods of 2.5 to 4.5 minutes, and the propagation direction parallel to the fibrils, the supersonic propagation speeds of 45 to 145 km s-1, and the close association with umbral oscillations and running penumbral waves in sunspots. Our results support the notion that the chromosphere around sunspots abounds with Alfvénic waves excited by the mode conversion of the upward-propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.131-133
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• 2017

We present the latest results from the Mission Program NIRLT (PI: I.Yamamura), the near-infrared spectroscopy of brown dwarfs using the AKARI/IRC grism mode with the spectral resolution of ~ 120. The near-infrared spectra in the wavelength range between 2.5 and $5.0{\mu}m$ are especially important to study the brown dwarf atmospheres because of the presence of major molecular bands, including $CH_4$ at $3.3{\mu}m$, $CO_2$ at $4.2{\mu}m$, CO at $4.6{\mu}m$, and $H_2O$ around $2.7{\mu}m$. We observed 27 sources, and obtained 16 good spectra. Our model fitting reveals deviations between theoretical model and observed spectra in this wavelength range, which may be attributed to the physical condition of the upper atmosphere. The deviations indicate additional heating, which we hypothesize to be due to chromospheric activity. We test this effect by modifying the brown dwarf atmosphere model to artificially increase the temperature of the upper atmosphere, and compare the revised model with observed spectra of early- to mid-L type objects with $H{\alpha}$ emission. We find that the chemical structure of the atmosphere changes dramatically, and the heating model spectra of early-type brown dwarfs can be considerably improved to match the observed spectra. Our result suggests that chromospheric activity is essential to understand early-type brown dwarf atmospheres.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 1998

Microwave oven을 이용한 취반 시 최적 취반조건을 설정하기 위하여 전자렌지의 출력 및 가열시간을 달리하여 취반한 밥의 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 쌀 1cup(약 173 g)을 수세하여 290 ml 물을 넣고 1시간동안 침지시킨 후 전자렌지의 출력과 가열시간을 5단계로 조절하면서 취반하였다(1단계; 온도상승기, 2단계: 수분흡수기1, 3단계: 수분흡수기2, 4단계: 열 침투기, 5단계: 호화완료기). 예비실험에서 설정한 출력과 가열시간에 따른 실험조건 수는 1200treatments였으나 1차, 2차에 걸친 취반실험 결과로부터 32가지의 최적 취반조건을 선정하였다. 그 중에서 다시 다음 3가지를 전자렌지의 대표적 인 취반조건으로 제시할 수 있었다. 1) 출력(7) 5:00-출력(1) 5:00(2) 5:00-출력(2) 6:00-출력(7) 4:00 2) 출력(8) 4:25-출력(1) 5:00-출력(2) 5:00-출력(2)

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.378-383
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• 2005

This experimental study presents the results of the cooling performance test of a $CO_2$ heat pump system for fuel cell vehicles. The experimental facility provides the cool ing and heating environment for cabin and heat releasing component. The test loop is designed to target the cooling capacity of 5kW and its coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.2. The cooling performance of the heat pump system is strongly dependent on the refrigerant charge and the degree of superheat. We carried out basic experiments to obtain optimum refrigerant charge and the degree of superheat level at the internal heat exchanger outlet. The heat pump system for fuel cell vehicles is different from that of engine-driven vehicles, where the former has an electricity-driven compressor and the latter has the belt-driven (engine-driven) compressor. In the fuel cell vehicle, the compressor speed is an independent operating parameter and it is controlled to meet the cooling/heating loads. Experiments were carried out at cooling mode with respect to the compressor speed and the incoming outdoor air speed. The results obtained in this study can provide the fundamental cool ing performance data using the $CO_2$ heat pump system for fuel cell vehicles.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 유연 우주구조물이 급격한 열적 환경에 의해 발생되는 진동을 수치적인 계산과 실험을 통해 규명하는데 있다. 단순화한 유연 구조물에 대해 수치적인 접근과 지상 실험실에서 실험한 데이터를 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과 유연 구조물이 급속한 복사 열에 의해 열적 모멘트에 의한 열적 변위가 발생하고 온도의 미소한 주기적 변화로 열 유기 진동이 발생함이 밝혀졌다. 수치해석치와 실험치를 비교한 결과 끝단질량이 없는 경우, 1차 모드 진동수는 0.78Hz로 두 값이 일치하였으나, 끝단 질량이 있는 경우, 끝단 질량이 각각 8g, 16g, 50g, 100g으로 증가할 때 1차 모드의 진동수에 있어 예측치는 1.75Hz, 1.3Hz, 0.87Hz, 0.73Hz이고 실험치는 2.34Hz, 1.5Hz, 0.78Hz, 0.78Hz로 감소하는 경향을 보이며 비록 예측치가 단순화 공식을 이용함에도 불구하고 실험치에 근접하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 열응력에 따른 PHC 에너지파일의 축하중과 침하량의 변화를 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 $3{\times}3$, $5{\times}5$ 배열 군말뚝 형태의 에너지파일을 말뚝 간격과 배치, 지반조건, 말뚝의 선단지지조건 및 말뚝 캡의 강성도 등의 조건으로 구분하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과 말뚝 중심 간격이 클수록 온도변화에 따른 말뚝의 축하중 차이가 크게 나타났고, 사질토지반이 점성토지반 보다 온도변화에 의한 침하량의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 또한, 에너지파일이 모서리부에 위치할 때 말뚝의 축하중 차이가 가장 크게 나타났으며, 말뚝의 선단이 암반에 지지된 경우 온도변화에 의한 축하중 변화가 더 크게 발생하여 침하량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 말뚝 캡의 강성도에 대한 영향은 말뚝 캡의 강성이 커질수록 온도변화에 의한 침하량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2003

The cathodic protection method is being widely used in marine structural steel, however a high tensile steel like RE 36 steel for marine structural steel is easy to get hydrogen embrittlement due to over protection during cathodic protection as well as preferential corrosion of HAZ(Heating Affected Zone) part. In this paper, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties such as elongation and hydrogen embrittlement were investigated with not only in terms of electrochemical view but also SSRT(Slow Strain Rate Test) method with applied constant cathodic potential, analysis of SEM fractography in case of both As-welded and PWHT(Post-Weld Heat Treatment) of $550^{\circ}C$. The best effect for corrosion resistance was apparently indicated at PWHT of $550^{\circ}C$ and elongation was increased with PWHT of $550^{\circ}C$ than that of As-welded condition. On the other hand. Elongation was decreased with applied potential shifting to low potential direction which may be caused by hydrogen embrittlement, however the susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement was decreased with PWHT of $550^{\circ}C$ than that of As-welded condition and Q.C(quasi cleavage) fracture mode was also observed significantly according to increasing of susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement. Eventually it is suggested that an optimum cathodic protection potential range not causing hydrogen embrittlernent is from -770 mV(SCE) to -850 mV(SCE) in As-welded condition while is from -770 mV(SCE) to -875 mV(SCE) in PWHT of $550^{\circ}C$.

• 에너지공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

본 연구는 공기 열원 열펌프의 성능 향상을 위한 연구로써 제상 방법으로 고온냉매 우회방법을 사용하고 내부열교환기를 장착한 열펌프 시스템의 성능을 ISO5151의 표준제상 조건에서 실험하였다. 실험은 고온냉매 우회방법과 가장 일반적인 제상 방법인 시간주기 제상방법을 비교하였으며 착상 발생 후 압축기 출구의 고온냉매를 실외기 입구로 우회시킬 때 실외기 홴 속도를 정상속도에 대하여 0%, 30%, 60%, 90%로 변화 시키면서 열펌프의 성능변화를 관찰하였다. 연구결과 210분의 열펌프 가동시간 동안 고온냉매 우회방법은 시간주기 제상방법 보다 $2.2{\sim}6%$ 높은 평균 성능계수를 나타냈으며 고온냉매 우회방법에서는 실외기의 홴 속도가 60%일 때 가장 좋은 성능계수와 난방용량을 나타냈다.