• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.142-156
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• 2020

한강지류 경안천의 어류 군집 특성을 밝히기 위해 2017년 4월부터 10월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 48개 지점에서 족대와 투망으로 채집된 어류는 11과 40종이었다. 우점종은 피라미(Zacco platypus, 48.0%), 아우점종은 버들치(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, 17.7%), 그 다음으로 돌고기(Pungtungia herzi, 6.8%), 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus, 5.0%), 붕어(Carassius auratus, 4.3%), 긴몰개(Squalidus gracilis majimae, 2.7%), 떡납줄갱이(Rhodeus notatus, 2.5%) 등의 순으로 우세하게 출현하였다. 출현종 중 한국고유종은 14종(35.0%)이었고, 외래종은 배스(Micropterus salmoides), 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus), 이스라엘잉어(Cyprinus carpio Islaeli type) 3종, 육봉형 어류는 은어(Plecoglossus altivelis), 밀어(Rhinogobius brunneus), 둑중개(Cottus koreanus) 3종, 기후변화 민감종으로 둑중개 1종이 채집되었다. 군집분석 결과 우점도는 최상류 지점들에서 높았고, 다양도와 풍부도는 상류지점이 낮고 하류 지점으로 갈수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 군집구조는 크게 하천(최상류, 상류, 중·하류)과 호수로 구분되었다. 하천건강성은 좋음(23지점, 47.9%), 보통(15지점, 31.3%)의 비율이 높았다. 과거조사와 비교한 결과, 선행조사에서 출현하였으나 본 조사에서 출현하지 않은 종은 12종, 본 조사에서 처음으로 출현한 종은 9종이었으며, 생태계 교란종으로 지정된 배스와 블루길은 점차 확산되는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2021

신천의 어류 군집 특성과 하천의 건강성을 밝히기 위해 2019년 4월부터 10월까지 조사를 시행하였다. 조사기간 동안 23개 지점에서 채집된 어류는 12과 30종 3,677개체였다. 우점종은 피라미(Zacco platypus, 28.4%), 아우점종은 대륙송사리(Oryzias sinensis, 13.6%), 그 다음으로 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus, 11.8%), 버들치(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, 11.7%), 붕어(Carassius auratus, 9.6%), 참붕어(Pseudorasbora parva, 7.9%) 등의 순으로 우세하게 출현하였다. 출현 종 중 한국고유종은 10종(33.3%)이었고, 외래종은 이스라엘잉어(Cyprinus carpio (Islaeli type), 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri), 배스(Micropterus salmoides), 구피(Poecilia reticulata), 플래티(Xiphophorus maculatus) 5종(16.7%)이었으며, 육봉형 어류는 둑중개(Cottus koreanus)와 밀어(Rhinogobius brunneus) 2종(6.7%), 기후 변화 민감종은 둑중개 1종(3.3%)이 출현하였다. 어류 군집분석 결과, 신천본류와 수동천, 청담천은 우점도는 낮고 다양도는 높았으며, 동두천과 상패천은 우점도는 높고 다양도는 낮았다. 하천건강성은 최상류와 지류인 수동천이 매우 좋음, 좋음이었으나 상류부는 보통, 중·하류부는 나쁨, 매우 나쁨으로 나타났다. 수질도 중류부터 하류까지 대부분 나쁨 또는 매우 나쁨이었고 지류 수동천만 매우 좋음이었다. 따라서 수질이 어류서식에 큰 영향을 미치면서 결국 하천건강성에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되었다. 연도별 신천의 수질은 점점 좋아지는 경향을 보였으며 외래종의 도입은 매우 부정적인 요인이었다. 신천의 하천건강성을 향상시키기 위해서는 수질개선과 더불어 외래어종의 관리가 요구된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.541-549
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• 1997

This study was done to describe health promoting lifestyle and determine affecting factors in elderly based on the Heath Promotion Model by Pender. Cognitive-perceptual factors that were included in this study were self-efficacy and hardiness. Modifying factors were demographic characteristics (sex, age, partner, previous illness, education level. income and religion). The specific purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of self-efficacy, hardiness and the demographic chasteristics to health promoting lifestyle and to determine causal factors affecting the elderly. The subjects were a volunteer sample of 98 elderly in one city in? The instruments for this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(47items, 4scale), Health Related Hardiness Scale(22i1ems, 6scale), general Self-Efficacy Scale(13i1ems, 5scale). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple regression technique with SAS program were used to analyse the data. The Results of the study are as follows : 1) The average item score for the health promoting lifestyle was 2.63, the highest score on the subscales was interpersonal support (M=3.3), followed by self-actulization(M=2.9), nutrition(M=2.8), stress management(M=2.7), health responsibility(M=2.1) with the lowest bring exercise(M=2.0) 2) A significant difference between education level, income, religion and health promoting lifestyle were found. 3) All of the subscales on health promoting lifestyle were positively related to total hardiness (r=0.330, p<0.001). The hardiness subscale of control was positively related to self-actulization(r=0.276, p<0.01), and commitment was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise /nutrition(r=0.245, p<0.01), interpersonal support(r=0.278, p<0.01), stress management(r=0.250, p<0.01). Challenge was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise /nutrition(r=0.245, p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between self-efficacy and all of the subscales of health promoting lifestyle. Self-efficacy showed a significant correlation only with control(r=0.469, p<0.001), comittment(r=0.507, p<0.001), challenge (r=0.489, p< 0.001). 4) Comittment, self-efficacy and income explained 25.01% of the variance for the total health promoting lifestyle. The results of this study show that commitment, self efficacy and income predicted the health promoting lifestyle of the elderly. So health promoting programs that increase commitement and self-efficacy should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle of the elderly, especially those who have low income.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the factors affecting the bum out syndrome and its degree in terms of personal, organizational and clients characteristics, and then to find the ways to reduce or eliminate those factors. The 228 doctors and the nurses who worked at the emergency departments in 6 general hospitals with more than 700 beds in Seoul were surveyed from April 15, 2002 for 15 days. A structured self-recording questionnaire was used; the t-test and ANOVA was used to analyse the median difference between the occupation, and multiple regression was employed to find the factors affecting the bum-out syndrome. The summary of this research analysis is as follows : First, of several variables, the highest frequency of the burn-out was the emotional burn-out followed by lack in personal touch toward the patients, decrease in sense of personal achievement. These results indicate that the doctors and nurses in emergency departments experience higher degree of burn-out than the social workers and the nurses who work at other departments in heath care environment as other studies revealed. Second, the analysis of the total burn-out factors showed the lower self respect, younger age, heavier work load, higher dissatisfaction rate toward remuneration and not-so-smooth relationship with the patients and their relatives the higher burn out rate. These variables explained 54% of the total variables. Third, the nurses experienced more burn-out syndrome than the doctors. The degree of self-respect, work pattern, relationship with the clients, age and remuneration were the causes of the burn-out. The doctors recorded lack in personal touch toward the patients more, while the nurses more to emotional exhaustion. The limitations of this research are the subjective answers of the respondents to certain questions and differences in sample numbers of each hospital in which some reservation can be exercised in explaining statistical significance of the data, and generalizing the conclusion. Despite of its limitation, this research has its own merit as an unpreceded research in this field, and provision of the basic materials to prevent and find causes of the burn-out syndrome among the doctors and nurses in the emergency departments.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 대기분야에 GIS를 적용하여 대구지역 미세먼지(PM-10) 측정소의 위치가 적절한지 평가하고, 공중보건과 밀접한 관련이 있는 PM-10을 관리하기 위한 적합한 장소를 모색하였다. 대구시에는 총 11개의 도시대기측정소가 있으며 측정된 자료는 전체적인 PM-10 오염현황파악에 사용되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 대기오염 자동측정소는 측정기기의 배치상의 문제점을 자주 노출해 왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 GIS 보간법인 IDW와 Kriging 기법을 활용하여 대구지역 PM-10 농도지도를 작성하였다. 그 후, 대역분석을 통해 법정동별 평균 PM-10오염농도를 산출한 뒤, 기존 설치된 측정소가 저오염지역과 고오염지역 전반에 걸쳐 고르게 분포하고 있는지 평가하였다. 연도별, 계절별, 요일별 각 측정기간별로 살펴본 결과 대구광역시에 설치된 PM-10 대기측정소는 다양한 농도를 대표하기에는 부족한 부분이 있었다. 이러한 부족 부분을 보강하기 위하여, 각 평가단계마다 공통적으로 선정된 7개 지역(남산동, 남일동, 동일동, 북성로 1가, 종로 2가, 향촌동, 화전동)이 PM-10을 위한 추가설치지점으로 제안된다. 나아가, 대구지역 뿐만 아니라 타 도시에서도 공중의 보건을 위해 측정소의 구체적인 설치 장소 선정 및 추가설치가 필요할 것이라 제안된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.215-215
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• 2017

The preference for domestic cereal crop of Setaria Italica has been increased with the recent interest in healthy foods. However, the productivity of Korean domestic produce, which has been decreasing due to the lack of cultivation technology and the low rate of mechanization during cultivation. Increase of germination ability will have a positive effect on the cultivation by reducing the labor of the manpower consuming and weeding work. Therefore, red light, ultrasonication, liquid priming and liquid smoke treatment that are effective for the germination of the seeds evaluated. The seeds of 1.4mm or more were used for the experiment. The priming solution used in the experiment was 1% $KH_2PO_4$ (74mM). During the priming, the light treated seeds at 2000 lux for 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Ultrasonicationd treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at exposures of 60%, 80%, and 100% of ultrasound up to 21.6 kHz during priming. Light or ultrasound treated seeds transferred to priming treatment at $15^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The treatment of the liquid smoke was divided into the treatment of the liquid smoke alone and the treatment of the liquid smoke with the priming. The liquid smoke alone was diluted with distilled water without priming solution and the treatment of the liquid smoke was diluted with the salt priming solution. Both treatments were performed at 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0% of the liquid smoke (pH7) concentration at $15^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. After each treatment, the seeds were dried to moisture content ranged 5-8% at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. All treatments showed better results than the non-treated control. Light treatment for 120 minutes improved for germination percentage (GP), Germination uniformity (GU) and heath seed percentage (HS). Ultrasonication treatment was most effective when treated with ultrasound at 21.6 kHz for 5 minutes in all germination characteristics. Ten % of the liquid smoke increase in 92% GP, 1.8 days MGT, $54%{\cdot}day^{-1}GR$, 0.76 GU and 88% HS comparing to non-treated control (72% GP, 2.3 days MGT, $45%{\cdot}day^{-1}GR$, 1.48 GU, and 63 % HS). This study showed that it is possible to obtain high germination by adding liquid smoke treatment to the seeds supplied to the farmers. The efficacy of light, ultrasonication, inorganic salt priming, and liquid smoke treatment on the seeds found in the experiment will be a positive alternative to labor force problems in the cultivation by improving germination.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.479-492
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• 2020

Background: As the prevalence of hypertension is increasing in Korea, the government is seeking policy actions to manage patients with hypertension more efficiently. In this paper, we aimed to identify factors associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension. Methods: We analyzed a total of 15,040 cases of 3,877 outpatients with hypertension obtained from the Korea Medical Panel database from 2010 to 2016. The dependent variable was whether a patient with hypertension visited a hospital or not; and independent variables were the patient's various socio-demographic, health-related, and heath-status characteristics. We conducted a generalized linear mixed model analysis with logit link for all the cases and then conducted it stratified by gender. Results: As a result of a multivariable analysis, women were less likely than to visit at a hospital (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.61) and people aged 65 years and older than those aged less than 65 years (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89). Residents in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam were more likely than those in than Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Jeju to visit a hospital (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05-1.86). The likelihood of visiting a hospital was high in people belonging to a group of: the highest level of annual household income (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.30-2.29); Medical care aid recipients (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.34-2.83); people having three or more complex chronic diseases (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.19-2.11); people having diabetes (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.41-2.32); or people having ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease (OR, 6.80; 95% CI, 5.28-8.76). Also, we found that factors associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension differed between genders. Conclusion: A variety of factors seem to be associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension. Future research needs to find a way to help patients with hypertension visit an appropriate medical institution between clinics and hospitals.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 1996

Recently diseases related to personal health habit and lifestyle have become common in modern industrial society. These kinds of diseases can be prevented simply by changing one's lifestyle to be more healthy. As a result of realization our interest in general health has become stronger. The most basic environment for human-being in society is the home. Humans secure their livelihood, physically. mentally, and socially at home. Therefore health care at home is very important. In modern society the responsibility for this task is traditionally given to housewives. The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of the health knowledge, health concern, health behavior and family health care of the married women and to analyze its related factors. The subjects for this study. 1,100 married women who studied at social education institutes and who had children attending an elementary school or a kindergarten, were surveyed with questionnaires. The preliminary survey was carried out from Aug. 7, to Aug. 19, 1995. With complement of questions, the main survey was carried out from Sep. 11, to Sep. 30, 1995. The data was analysed by using the SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. General Characteristics (1) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, the married women aged 30-39 were 54.8%, the average age was 39.8 years old. 33.8% of respondents had 6-10 years of marriage period, and the average marriage period was 14.9 years. Most of them(96.5%) lived with their husband. Those who graduated from college and graduate school were 53.4%. And 68.3% of respondents had no job. (2) In the family characteristics, 69.3% of the married women had 3 or 4 family members and the average family size was 4.1 person. 60.0% of the respondents had 2 children. Most of the respondents(90.9%) had no married children. 84.8% of the respondents lived with their parents. Those who reported that the total family income was more than 2,500,000 won a month were 32.3%. When making the decisions, 68.5% of the married women discussed the family matter with their husband. (3) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, 51.5% answered they were in good health. 61.7% of the married women answered they obtained the health knowledge through mass media. 24.3% of the women answered they had patients in their family in these days. 67.5% of the respondents answered they could generally control their health by themselves. 2. The Health Knowledge, Concern and Behavior. (1) For the health knowledge, the average score was 11.8. The lowest percent of correct answer(27.8%) was in the item about the skin tests for tuberculosis. And the highest percent(97.%) was in the item about taking a rest. (2) For the health concern, the married women had the highest concern about washing hands. But they were indifferent to smoking. (3) For the health behavior, the highest score was in "changing socks and underwear everyday", and the lowest one was in "taking a regular dental examination". 3. The Family Health Care (1) For the family health care, the item of "using a drug with the order of doctor or pharmacist" had the highest grade(4.78), and "consulting with the family physician about the health problem" had the lowest grade(2.03). (2) Older women and the women with a longer period of marriage had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). The married women who had 3 children had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). Those who had 5 or 6 family member and higher income had the highest level had the high level of the family health care(p<0.01). Women in good health and those who had the health knowledge from health experts had a high level of the family health care. (3) For the correlation of the family health care and other variables, the health behavior showed the highest correlation with family heath care practice(r=0.74) and the second was health concern(r=0.43). The variables which could explain the family health care were health behavior, the health concern and married women's health status(r²=55.87). The most closely associated with family health care was health behavior(r²=54.93)

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.266-279
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• 2019

한강지류 흑천의 어류군집 특성 및 멸종위기종 한강납줄개의 서식양상을 밝히기 위하여 2018년 4월부터 10월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 10개 지점에서 족대와 투망, 일각망으로 채집된 어류는 14과 47종이었다. 우점종은 피라미(Zacco platypus, 37.6%), 아우점종은 참갈겨니(Z. koreanus, 13.8%)였고, 그 다음으로 긴몰개(Squalidus gracilis majimae, 11.1%), 돌고기(Pungtungia herzi, 7.7%), 한강납줄개(Rhodeus pseudosericeus, 5.0%), 돌마자(Microphysogobio yaluensis, 4.3%), 참마자(Hemibarbus longirostris, 3.0%) 등의 순으로 우세하게 출현하였다. 출현종 중 한국고유종은 19종(40.4%)이었고, 멸종위기종은 한강납줄개와 묵납자루(Acheilognathus signifer)가, 외래어 종은 배스(Micropterus salmoides)와 무지개송어가(Oncorhynchus mykiss)가 채집되었으며, 육봉형 어종은 은어(Plecoglossus altivelis)와 밀어(Rhinogobius brunneus)가 채집되었다. 군집분석에서 대부분 우점도와 균등도는 낮고 다양도와 풍부도는 높게 나타났으며, 하천건강성은 매우 양호(매우 양호: 9개 지점, 양호: 1개 지점)로 나타났다. 한강납줄개는 St. 3~St. 9까지 폭넓게 서식하고 있었으며 개체군 크기가 컸다. 전장빈도분포도로 한강납줄개의 연령을 추정한 결과, 산란기인 4월을 기준으로 암수 구별없이 전장 32~45 m는 만 1년생, 전장 46~59 mm는 만 2년생, 전장 60~69 mm는 만 3년생, 전장 70~89 mm는 만 4년생 이상으로 추정되었다. 성비는 본 조사기간에 암컷은 426개체, 수컷은 394개체가 채집되어 1 : 0.95이었다. 흑천에 도입된 묵납자루는 St. 5~St. 6에 서식하고 있었고, 개체군 크기는 작았다. 끝으로 흑천에 서식하는 어류의 보전방안에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 2015

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the classification system of chemical substances in the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) and Chemical Substances Control Act(CSCA) and to compare several health indices (i.e., Time Weighted Average (TWA), Lethal Dose ($LD_{50}$), and Lethal Concentration ($LC_{50}$) of chemical substances by categories in each law. Methods: The chemicals regulated by each law were classified by the specific categories provided in the respective law; seven categories for OSHA (chemicals with OELs, chemicals prohibited from manufacturing, etc., chemicals requiring approval, chemicals kept below permissible limits, chemicals requiring workplace monitoring, chemicals requiring special management, and chemicals requiring special heath diagnosis) and five categories from the CSCA(poisonous substances, permitted substances, restricted substances, prohibited substances, and substances requiring preparation for accidents). Information on physicochemical properties, health indices including CMR characteristics, $LD_{50}$ and $LD_{50}$ were searched from the homepages of the Korean Occupational and Safety Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Research, etc. Statistical analysis was conducted for comparison between TWA and health index for each category. Results: The number of chemicals based on CAS numbers was different from the numbers of series of chemicals listed in each law because of repeat listings due to different names (e.g., glycol monoethylether vs. 2-ethoxy ethanol) and grouping of different chemicals under the same serial number(i.e., five different benzidine-related chemicals were categorized under one serial number(06-4-13) as prohibited substances under the CSCA). A total of 722 chemicals and 995 chemicals were listed at the OSHA and its sub-regulations and CSCA and its sub-regulations, respectively. Among these, 36.8% based on OSHA chemicals and 26.7% based on CSCA chemicals were regulated simultaneously through both laws. The correlation coefficients between TWA and $LC_{50}$ and between TWA and $LD_{50}$, were 0.641 and 0.506, respectively. The geometric mean values of TWA calculated by each category in both laws have no tendency according to category. The patterns of cumulative graph for TWA, $LD_{50}$, $LC_{50}$ were similar to the chemicals regulated by OHSA and CCSA, but their median values were lower for CCSA regulated chemicals than OSHA regulated chemicals. The GM of carcinogenic chemicals under the OSHA was significantly lower than non-CMR chemicals($2.21mg/m^3$ vs $5.69mg/m^3$, p=0.006), while there was no significant difference in CSCA chemicals($0.85mg/m^3$ vs $1.04mg/m^3$, p=0.448). $LC_{50}$ showed no significant difference between carcinogens, mutagens, reproductive toxic chemicals and non-CMR chemicals in both laws' regulated chemicals, while there was a difference between carcinogens and non-CMR chemicals in $LD_{50}$ of the CSCA. Conclusions: This study found that there was no specific tendency or significant difference in health indicessuch TWA, $LD_{50}$ and $LC_{50}$ in subcategories of chemicals as classified by the Ministry of Labor and Employment and the Ministry of Environment. Considering the background and the purpose of each law, collaboration for harmonization in chemical categorizing and regulation is necessary.