• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1053-1057
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• 2004

This paper presents the adjoint variable design sensitivity analysis for thermal systems considering both conduction and convection heat transfer. Both nodal temperature and total heat flow are considered to be objective functions and design sensitivity formulas are derived for each case. For the case of convection heat transfer, the adjoint analysis is carefully proceeded to obtain a precise result. A topology optimization example is examined for a simple planar square plate in order to design a heat exchanger as verification.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1358-1363
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• 2004

The objective of this work is to propose calibration facility in which a thin film type heat flux sensor can be calibrated under convective flow condition by using a small wind tunnel with the constant temperature plate condition. A small wind tunnel has been built to produce a boundary layer shear flow above a constant temperature copper plate. 12-independent copper blocks, thin film heaters, insulators and temperature controllers were used to keep the temperature of flat plate constant at a specified temperature. Three commercial thin film-type heat flux sensors were tested. Convective calibrations of these gages were performed over the available heat flux range of $1.4{\sim}2.5kW/m^2$. The uncertainty in the heat flux measurements in the convective-type heat flux calibration facility was ${\pm}2.07%$. Non-dimensional sensitivity is proposed to compare the sensitivity calibrated by manufacturer and that of experiment conducted in this study.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.683-691
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• 2010

In this paper, using an adjoint variable method, we develop a design sensitivity analysis(DSA) method applicable to heat conduction problems in steady state. Also, a topology design optimization method is developed using the developed DSA method. Design sensitivity expressions with respect to the thermal conductivity are derived. Since the already factorized system matrix is utilized to obtain the adjoint solution, the cost for the sensitivity computation is trivial. For the topology design optimization, the design variables are parameterized into normalized bulk material densities. The objective function and constraint are the thermal compliance of structures and allowable material volume respectively. Through several numerical examples, the developed DSA method is verified to yield very accurate sensitivity results compared with finite difference ones, requiring less than 0.25% of CPU time for the finite differencing. Also, the topology optimization yields physical meaningful results.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2018

Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is an anion channel that is activated by changes in cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and noxious heat. Although the critical roles of ANO1 have been elucidated in various cell types, the control of its gating mechanisms by $Ca^{2+}$ and heat remain more elusive. To investigate critical amino acid residues for modulation of $Ca^{2+}$ and heat sensing, we constructed a randomized mutant library for ANO1. Among 695 random mutants, reduced $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity was observed in two mutants (mutant 84 and 87). Consequently, the E143A mutant showed reduced sensitivity to $Ca^{2+}$ but not to high temperatures, whereas the E705V mutant exhibited reduced sensitivity to both $Ca^{2+}$ and noxious heat. These results suggest that the glutamic acids (E) at 143 and 705 residues in ANO1 are critical for modulation of $Ca^{2+}$ and/or heat responses. Furthermore, these findings help to provide a better understanding of the $Ca^{2+}$-mediated activation and heat-sensing mechanism of ANO1.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2018

Ground source heat pump(GSHP) system is one of the high efficiency heat source systems which utilizes the constant geothermal energy of a underground water or soil. However, the design of conventional GSHP system in the domestic market is dependent on the experience of the designer and the installer, and it causes increase of initial installation cost or degradation of system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a guideline and the optimal design method to maintain stable performance of the system and reduce installation cost. In this study, in order to optimize the GSHP system, design factors according to ground heat exchanger(GHX) type have been examine by simulation tool. Furthermore, the design factors and the correlation of a single U-tube and a double U-tube were analyzed quantitatively through sensitivity analysis. Results indicated that, the length of the ground heat exchanger was greatly influenced by grout thermal conductivity for single U-tube and pipe spacing for double U-tube.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1997

The heat shock response is a universal stress response observed in all organisms and cultured cells. The response is regulated at both the transcriptional and translational level. Heat shocked Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells are used as the system for the study of translational regulation. In this system non-heat shock messages are associated with polysome but are not translated in a heat shocked condition. To figure out the change in the translation machinery. the effects of translation elongation inhibitors were tested on Kc cells. The result showed that the sensitivity of translation to these drugs changed in heat shocked cells. The significant changes were the decreased inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis by cycloheximide, emetine. and puromycin. and the increased inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis by verrucarin A. implying that the translation elongation mechanism in heat shocked cells changed.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1989

난백의 열광수성을 순화시키기 위하여 각종금속염(Fe$^{2＋}$, Fe$^{3+}$ , $Al^{3+}$ , Cu$^{2＋}$)을 첨가하고 가훈처리($60^{\circ}C$, 5분간) 전후 난백의 기능성을 검토하였으며 알루미늄염(Al$^{3+}$ )이 첨가된 난백의 pH에 대한효과도 검토하였다. 금속염의 첨가에 의해 가열처리 전후 난백의 탁도는 대체로 증가하였으나 알루미늄염의부가시 탁도의 변화가 가장 작았다. 난백의 기포력은 금속염의 첨가에 의해 전반적으로 증가하였으며 Fe$^{3+}$ 의 첨가효과가 가장 컸다. 특히 가열처리 후 난백의 기포력은Fe$^{3+}$ , Al/ sup 3＋/ 및 Cu$^{2＋}$의 첨가에 의해 크게 증가되었다. 기포안정성의 경우 열처리 전에는 Fe$^{3+}$ , Al/ sup 3＋/의 첨가효과가 있었으나 열처리 후에는 Fe$^{3+}$ 와 Al/ sup 3＋/의 첨가가 효과적이었다. 한편 알루미늄염을 첨가한 난백을 pH 7 -10의 범위에서 가열처리한 결과 pH 7-8.5 범위에서는 탁도 및 기포성의 변화가 크지 않았고 pH 9이상에서는 탁도와 기포성은 낮아졌으나 기포안정성은 향상되었다. 난백액에 Salmonella typhimurium을 $10^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$수준으로 접종 후 $60^{\circ}C$, 5분간의 가열처리 결과 pH에 상관없이 모두 사멸되었다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.590-595
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• 2008

In this paper, the sensitivity analysis was examined about the main factors that compose an air-conditioning system with slab thermal storage by using the analytic solution. Those factors are the insulation performance of floor slab surface, the slab thickness, the heat capacity of floor slab, the air change rate, and the insulation performance of the wall. The slab thickness and heat capacity of floor slab that minimize heating loads was gained by sensitivity analysis. It is became clear that the insulation performance of slab surface, high airtightness and high heat insulation are important design factors in air conditioning system with slab thermal storage.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1988

난백의 가열처리 시 온도와 시간, 수소이온농도 및 NaCl농도가 난백의 열감수성에 미치는 영향을 기포성과 탁도를 중심으로 검토하였다. $55^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서 난백을 가열할 경우에는 기포성과 탁도가 서서히 떨어졌으나 $60^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 급격히 떨어져 $60^{\circ}C$에서 13분간 및 $65^{\circ}C$에서 5분간의 가열처리로 불투명해졌다. $60^{\circ}C$, 5작란피 가열처리로 pH 7 이하에서는 탁도가 현저히 증가하였으며 pH 4 부근에서는 기포력이 크게 저하하였다. 기포안정성은 가열처리에 의해 알카리영역에서 다소 저하하였다. NaCl 0.3M 첨가수준까지는 탁도가 저하하였으나 그 이상 첨가로 점차 증가하였으며 열처리 시에는 NaCl의 첨가가 탁도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. $60^{\circ}C$. 5분간의 가열처리 전후 NaCl의 첨가에 의해 기포력에는 큰 변화가 없었으나 0.2M 이상 첨가 시 기포안정성은 저하하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2005년도 창립60주년 기념 추계 학술대회
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• pp.23.1-23.1
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• 2005