• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2016

In order to clarify the availability of heat treatment for catechu dyeing, effect of color developing by heating process on cotton fabrics dyed with catechu extract was investigated. Dyed fabrics were heated various time(min) at $150^{\circ}C$. The cases of non-mordanting and mordanting were compared, and examined the effect of sodium acetate as an agent to promote the color developing to fabrics. Experiments with after-mordanting method showed that various colors can be obtained using catechu. K/S values of dyed fabrics with Al, Cu, Fe mordant were higher than the case of no mordant. The fabric by Cu mordanting showed 3 times to the case of no mordant. Fabrics dyed with catechu by mordanting lowered $L^*$ value while there was little change in $a^*$, $b^*$ value as the heating process progressed. Therefore, K/S values were increased due to heating process. The effects of adding sodium acetate in dyeing bath on dyed fabrics were shown higher K/S values, and the $L^*$ values were lower than those without sodium acetate according to heating time increase. The result show sodium acetate had a promoting effect on the color developing to the fabrics by heating process, it was very effective.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.525-528
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• 1996

To investigate the inhibitory effect of soybean and Korean traditional fermented soybean products on the chemically induced mutagenesis, we extracted soybean, Kanjang, Doenjang, Kochujang, and Chongkukjang with water, methanol and hexane. Inhibitory effect of the extracts was assayed by the SOS chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37 as a test strain. 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine(MNNG), and aflatoxin B$_{1}$(AFB$_{1}$) were used as mutagens. Methanol extracts showed relatively higher inhibitory effect than water and hexane extracts. Methanol extracts of soybean, Doenjang, Kochujang, and Chonhkukjang showed inhibitory effect of 68.4, 96.3, 17.5, and 100.9% against MNNG, and 28.6, 109.1, 41.3, and 101.8% against AFB$_{1}$, respectively. Doenjang methanol extract showed inhibitory effect of 51.0, 96.3, and 109.1% against 4NQO, MNNG, and AFB$_{1}$, respectively. Methanol extract of Doenjang showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect against 4NQO, MNNG, and AFB$_{1}$. Inhibitory effect of heat-treated Doenjang and Chongkukjang methanol extracts on the mutagenecity of MNNG and AFB$_{1}$ was remained over 95% of the inhibitory effect of heat-untreated extracts, demonstrating the heat stability of the potent antimutagenic activity.

• Carbon letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2008

Naphtha Cracking Bottom (NCB) oil was heat reformed at various reforming temperature and time, and the volatile extracts were characterized including yields, molecular weight distributions, and representative compounds. The yield of extract increased as the increase of reforming temperature ($360{\sim}420^{\circ}C)$ and time (1~4 hr). Molecular weight of the as-received NCB oil was under 200, and those of extracts were distributed in the range of 100-250, and far smaller than those of precursor pitches of 380-550. Naphtalene-based compounds were more than 70% in the as-received NCB oil, and most of them were isomers of compounds bonding functional groups, such as methyl ($CH_{3^-}$) and ethyl ($C_2H_{5^-}$). When the as-received NCB oil was reformed at $360^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, the most prominent compound was 1,2-Butadien, 3-phenyl- (24.57%), while naphthalene became main component again as increasing the reforming temperature.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.419-424
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• 2009

Water and 70% ethanol extracts obtained from a sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) body wall by heat reflux or pressurized solvent extraction showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ($DPPH^{\cdot}$) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation ($ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$) scavenging activities comparable to those of fruits and vegetables. The highest activities were observed for the water extract from heat reflux extraction. Crude saponins exhibited higher radical scavenging activities than the soluble matters in the extracts. However, they were responsible for only about 3 to 15% of the scavenging activities of the extracts. Total phenolic contents showed a significant correlation with $DPPH^{\cdot}$ scavenging activities, suggesting a significant contribution of phenolic constituents to the antioxidant properties of the extracts. However, total flavonoid contents showed little correlation with the radical scavenging activities. The results suggest that the water or 70% ethanol extract obtained from sea cucumber body wall by simple heat reflux extraction could provide considerable antioxidant benefits.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.791-795
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• 2011

This study examined the inhibitory activity of Ecklonia cava (EC) against ${\alpha}$-amylase to evaluate the availability of EC extract as a functional food agent. To verify the inhibitory activity of EC against porcine pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase, potato starch was used as a substrate. This analysis revealed that EC ethanol extract exhibited high ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity. For potential application within the food industry, the stability of the activity of EC ethanol extract under various heat and pH conditions was examined. The ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of EC ethanol extract was not affected by the heat and pH treatment conditions used in this study. These results suggest that EC has the potential for development as a functional food agent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find out the potential of the Mosidae(Adenophora remtriflora) leaf, one of the natural ingredients, for the cosmetics by measuring their antioxidant functions and skin improving effects. The result of the phytonutrient of the Mosidae leaf test shows, that the heat extract of Mosidae leaf DPPH has 9% higher ability than Ethanol extract.(p<0.05), but significant a difference was not found between the hydroxyl Radical of Mosidae leaf heat extract (65.22%) and Ethanol extract(63.50%). Mosidae leaf heat extract(40.82mg/mL) has much lower polyphenol compound than Ethanol extract(47.90mg/mL)(p<0.05). A clinical test of Mosidae leaf powder pack was performed for a group of 16 middle aged women(age between 35-60) from October 20 to November 17, 2011. Control group was used on the right cheek, and test group was used on left cheek for comparison. The procedure was twice a week for 4 weeks to identify and grade level of moisture, roughness, pore size and spot. After 4 weeks of testing, there were significant improvements in moisture enhancement and spot(p<0.05), subtle change in roughness and the size of the pores. Therefore, we confirmed skin improvement effect of Mosidae leaf as new cosmetic material.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.56-59
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• 1989

The changes in free sugar composition were investigated with respect to the kinds of dried ginseng for extraction, the various ethanol concentrations used for ginseng extract manufacture and the conditions of heating temperature and time under which the ginseng extract was stored . The results are as follows: 1) The free sugar content of dried ginseng was 6.02-8.02% and the sucrose and maltose content in the free sugar was 70-80%. 2) The free sugar content was 13.82-26.29% in the Sanggunsam (dried ginseng of whole root) extract and it had a tendency to increase with increase in ethanol concentration. In addition, when a higher ethanol concentration was used, the sucrose content was in- creased but the maltose content was decreased. 3) The glucose, sucrose and maltose content in ginseng extract, decreased, in the order, as heating temperature and time were increased. On the other hand the opposite results were neted for xylose and fructose. Keywords Panax ginseng, ginseng extract, Sanggunsam.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.696-701
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of heat treatment and germination on tricin and tricin 4'-O-(threo-${\beta}$-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (TTGE) formation from rice hull (Oryza sativa L.). Heat treatments were conducted at $80{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ for 1~5 h. Germination periods were 1~6 days at $37^{\circ}C$. Germinated rough rice extracts were classified as non-filtrated, filtrated, and residue after filtration. For heat treatment, the highest contents of tricin and TTGE were 253.12 and $208.39{\mu}g/g$ at $130^{\circ}C$ after 1 h, respectively. For germination, the highest contents of tricin and TTGE in rice hull were 118.20 and $95.37{\mu}g/g$ after 2 days, respectively. In the germinated rough rice extract treatment, the highest contents of tricin and TTGE were 361.76 and $308.08{\mu}g/g$, respectively, in residue after filtration of germinated rice extract for 6 days. Therefore, the optimum conditions for tricin and TTGE formation were heat treatment at $130^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, germination for 2 days, and addition of residue after filtration of germinated rough rice extract for 6 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.707-712
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• 1995

Natural antimicrobial activities in leaf mustard Dolsan(Brassica juncea) were evaluated for food preservation. Antimicrobial activities and changes in volatile allylisothiocyanate(AIT) concentration were examined during incubation of leaf mustard homogenate for 72 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. The concentration of volatile AIT was highest at 2 hours of incubation. Antimicrobial activities, which were insignificant in raw homogenate without incubation, were occurred at 21 hours and were showed highest at 48~72 hours of incubation. Water-pretreated extract(WPE) showed the antimicrobial activity by 1.2~1.4 times higher than the water extract. Ethylacetate fraction of leaf mustard showed high antimicrobial activities. The WPE had strong antimicrobial activities against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Heat treatment of the WPE for 30 min at $121^{\circ}C$ did not lose the antimicrobial activities.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

This study investigated the changes of antioxidant activity and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) 100% methanol extracts by various heat treatment. The contents of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanol extract tended to increased gradually with the rise of temperature to 180$^{\circ}C$. The maximum yield of gallic acid (51.52 ${\pm}$ 2.17mg/g extract weight) and quercetin (13.39 ${\pm}$ 0.03mg/g extract weight) were obtained with extraction temperature of 180$^{\circ}C$ for 120min. In addition, the improving extraction efficiency resulted in the increased biological activities, such as electronic donation ability (EDA, 90.36${\pm}$ 0.57%), reducing power (Abs 1.14) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect (92.14 ${\pm}$ 1.14%). Overall, the results of this study indicate that the optimum conditions for the extraction process were an extraction temperature at 180$^{\circ}C$ for 120 min, and will provide the basis for future research on the improving extraction yield of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.