• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose an automatic left ventricle segmentation method in computed tomography angiography (CTA) using separating energy function. First, we smooth the images by applying anisotropic diffusion filter to remove noise. Secondly, the volume of interest (VOI) is detected by using k-means clustering. Thirdly, we divide the left and right heart with split energy function. Finally, we extract only left ventricle from left and right heart with optimizing cost function including orientation term.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: A body of research advocates the prognostic role and usefulness of the volumetric markers of left atrial (LA) phasic functions in the diagnosis of LA dysfunction. We aimed to determine the independent determinants of the volumetric markers of LA contraction function in candidates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 516 candidates for CABG. The biplane maximal, minimal, and pre-P volumes of the LA were measured with two-dimensional echocardiography, and LA active emptying fraction was calculated. The standardized correlation coefficient for the correlation between each factor and LA active emptying fraction was calculated by using univariate and backward multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: The multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that the heart rate (β = 0.15; p = 0.001), S (β = 0.09; p = 0.036), E/e' ratio (β = -0.11; p = 0.014), left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (β = 0.15; p = 0.001), and LA enlargement (β = -0.19; p < 0.001) were the independent determinants of LA active emptying fraction. CONCLUSIONS: The independent determinants of LA contraction function were the heart rate, S, LV ejection fraction, LA enlargement, and E/e' ratio in candidates for CABG surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1993

Sixty four children [aged 2 days to 9 years] , 58 with complete transposition of the great arteries, 5 with Taussig-Bing double outlet right ventricle, and 1 with double outlet left ventricle plus left ventricular type single ventricle, have undergone anatomic correction from November 1987 to August 1992. Eleven underwent previous operations: pulmonary artery banding[7], modified Blalock-Taussig shunt[2], coarctoplasty[2], aortic arch reconstruction[1] . Of 58 patients with TGA, Type A coronary arteries of Yacoub were seen in 50[86%]. U-shaped coroanry arterial flaps were transfered to the neoaorta using trap door technique, and neopulmonary arterial tract was constructed using glutaraldehyde fixed autopericardium with Lecompte maneuver. There were 18 hospital deaths [28.1%] with no late mortality. Mean follow-up of 20.4\ulcorner11.9 months were achieved in all survivors. Postoperative cardiac catheterizations were done in 14 cases. Mean pressure gradients of pulmonary and aortic outflow tract were 15.0 $\pm$2.6 and 4.2$\pm$1.4mmHg, mild aortic valve insufficiencies were found in 2, and mean cardiac index was 5.18$\pm$0.19 L/min/M2. We conclude that we should continue anatomic correction for the complex congenital heart anomalies with the malposition of the great arteries because myocardial function seems to be well preserved, though we are still on the learning curve.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1980

Most of clinical morbidity in cardiology are associated with abnormalities of the left ventricle. Several methods have been developed to measure the left ventricular function, including cardiac catheterization with cineangiography, echocardiography, and systolic time interval. But these methods have many limitations. ECG gated cardiac blood pool scan provides a safe, noninvasive, repeatable method for determining the left ventricular function. Utilizing the cardiac blood pool scan, we measured the left ventricular function in 165 cardiac patients, and in 26 normal subject. 1. Left ventricular ejection fractions were measured by cardiac blood pool scan, and compared in 20 patients with that measured by x-ray cineangiography. Correlation coefficient was 0.885. 2. Ejection fractions were classified by funtional class made in New York Heart Association. Ejection fractions well represented the functional status. 3. Ejection fractions decreased in cardiomyopathy ($20.1{\pm}4.8%$) and ischemic heart disease ($34.4{\pm}16.7%$). Impaired ejection fractions in myocardial infarction were associated with the extent of infarction. 4. Regional left ventricular wall motion was evaluated from the end-diastolic and end-systolic images. In cardiomyopathy diffuse hypokinesia was noted and in myocardial infarction akinesia was noted on the infarcted areas.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.252-256
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• 2000

There have been few reports documenting the outcome of arterial swich operations(ASO) in selected patients with transposition of great arteries(TGA) and with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction(LVOTO). In the case of TGA with LVOTO, if the atrial septal defect(ASD) is large and the ventricular septal defect(VSD) is restricive, this deprives the left ventricle(LV) of approporiate preload and could lead to underdevelopment of the ventircular mass and lead poor LV performance after the arterial switch operation, dspite a high pressure in the LV preoperatively. Because an increase in the systolic ventricular pressure is not necessarily paralleled by an increase in ventricular mass, which is also essential for optimal ventricular performance after the operation. We report here a case of rapid LV training after ASO in TGA with unprepared LV (because of large ASD and restrictive VSD) despite a high pressure in the LV(due to LVOTO) preoperatively.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.131-135
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• 2018

The heart disease taking the second place of the cause of the death of modern people is a terrible disease that makes sudden death without noticing. To judge the aortic valve disease of heart diseases a name of disease was diagnosed using psychological data provided from physioNet. Aortic valve is a valve of the area that blood is spilled from left ventricle to aorta. Aortic stenosis of heart troubles is a disease when the valve does not open appropriately in contracting the left ventricle to aorta due to narrowed aortic valve. In this paper, 3126 samples of cardiac sound data were used as an experiment data composed of 180 characteristics including normal people and aortic valve stenosis patients. To diagnose normal and aortic valve stenosis patients, NEWFM was utilized. By using an average method of weight as an feature selection method of NEWFM, the result shows 91.0871% accuracy.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.444-454
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• 2003

An analysis of heart movement is to estimate a role which supplies blood in human body. We have constructed a left ventricle myocardium model and mathematically evaluated the motion of myocardium. The myocardial motility was visualized using some parameters about cardiac motion. We applied the myocardium model in the gated myocardium SPECT image that showed a cardiac biochemical reaction, and analyzed a motility between the gated myocardium SPECT image and the myocardium model. The myocardium model was created of the based on three dimensional super-ellipsoidal model that was using the sinusoidal function. To express a similar form and motion of the left ventricle myocardium, we calculated parameter functions that gave the changing of motion and form. The LSF algorithm was applied to the myocardium gated SPECT image data and the myocardium model, and finally created a fitting model. Then we analyzed a regional motility direction and size of the gated myocardium SPECT image that was constructed on a fitting model. Furthermore, we implemented the Bull's Eye map that had evaluated the heart function for presentation of regional motility. Using myocardium's motion the evaluation of cardiac function of SPECT was estimated by a contraction ability, perfusion etc. However, it is not any estimation about motility. So, We analyzed the myocardium SPECT's motility of utilizing the myocardium model. We expect that the proposed algorithm should be a useful guideline in the heart functional estimation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effects of alfaxalone (3 mg/kg, intravenously) on echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs using echocardiography. Six adult Beagle dogs were used for this study. Left ventricular dimensions with systolic indexes, trans-blood flow at all cardiac valvular annulus and trans-mitral tissue Doppler values were measured from routine transthoracic echocardiography. Although the changes were not statistically significant, heart rate, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, peak velocities of tricuspid A-wave and transpulmonic flow were increased after alfaxalone induction, while systolic blood pressure, fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak velocities of mitral E-wave, mitral A wave, tricuspid E-wave, transaortic flow and medial e'-, a'- and s'-peaks decreased after alfaxalone induction. No dogs showed hypoxemia during sedation, regardless of intubation and oxygen supply. Although alfaxalone showed mild cardiovascular depression, this protocol could be a good alternative sedative protocol for echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs because the cardiovascular depression was statistically and clinically insignificant. However, further studies in dogs with heart diseases should be conducted to confirm these findings after alfaxalone induction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2007

Right-sided heart failure is a major problem among patients with congenital heart diseases, due to the prevalence of congenital heart defects and the association of pulmonary hypertension. More attention is focused on the structure of the right heart particularly in association with congenital heart defects and chronic lung disease. The right ventricle (RV) may support the pulmonary circulation, and sometimes the systemic circulation (systemic RV) in congenital heart defects. Despite major progress being made, assessing the RV remains challenging, often requiring a multi-imaging approach and expertise (echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear and cineangiography). Evidence is accumulating that RV dysfunction develops in many of these patients and leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. While there is extensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of left heart failure, the data for right-sided heart failure is scarce. Therefore RV function in certain groups of congenital heart disease patients needs close surveillance and timely and appropriate intervention to optimise outcomes. An understanding of RV physiology and hemodynamics will lead to a better understanding of current and future treatment strategies for right heart failure. This will review right-sided heart failure with the implications of volume and pressure loading of the RV in congenital heart diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 1988

Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic congenital heart disease characterized by large ventricular septal defect[VSD] and stenosis of right ventricular outflow tract[RVOT] and the degree of RVOT stenosis and the state of pulmonary arteries are the major determinant of prognosis of this anomaly after operation. The sum of blood flow through RVOT and collateral flow from systemic arteries determine the total pulmonary blood flow and it is drained to left atrium and left ventricle. Therefore the degree of development of left ventricle not only reflects pulmonary blood flow and the status of peripheral pulmonary arteries but also affects postoperative prognosis as a systemic ventricle. In this article, left ventricular volume and its influence on postoperative cardiac function in tetralogy of Fallot were studied in 34 patients operated on at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital in 1985. Mean age of the patients was 5 1/12*3 9/12 years[range 9/12 - 14 8/12 years], mean body surface area[BSA] 0.65*0.20m2[range 0.38 - 1.22m2], mean body weight 15.6k6.48kg[range 7.0 - 36kg]and mean hematocrit 50.6*9.77%[range 32.0 - 73.5%]. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume[LVEDV] of them were from 11.2 to 113cc and there was a good linear correlation between BSA[m2, X]and LVEDV[cc, Y][Y= - 20.0+923x, r= 0.84, p < 0.005]. Mean LVEDV/m2 was [57.6 * 18.3 cc / m2[range 28.7 - 95.8 cc / m2] and there was a significant reduction of volume compared with normal value. As body surface increases, there was a increasing tendency in LVEDV/m2 but there was no statistical significance. Mean total amount of postoperatively infused dopamine in these 33 patients[except one who expired postoperatively] was 65.6*74.5mg / kg and it was 40.6*44.0mg / kg in routine RVOT widening group [Group I] and 205*49.3mg / kg in transannular RVOT widening group[Group II]. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups. In group I patients there was a good linear inverse correlation between dopamine total amount[mg / kg, Y] and LV volume[cc / m2, X] [Y = 150 - 1.89 X, r = - 0. 77, p < 0.005]. But there were no correlations between dopamine total amount and Hct, cardiopulmonary bypass time and aorta cross clamp time. In conclusion, the patient with small preoperative left ventricular volume required more amount of dopamine as an inotropic agent for the maintenance of a cardiac function in postoperative period. But this is a result of immediate postoperative period and does not reflect the long term effect of left ventricular volume in tetralogy of Fallot. There must be more study for the evaluation of its long term effect.