• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2018

Objectives: Due to the uncontrolled increase of the mobile health applications and their scarce use by elderly for reason of absence credibility of measurements by lack scientific support, the aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between the biophysical measurements based on standard instrument against a mobile application using controlled experiments with elderly to propose an effective validation model of the developed apps. Methods: The subjects of the study (50 people) were elderly people who wanted to check their weight and cardiac status. For this purpose, two mobile applications were used to measure energy expenditure based on physical activity (Activ) and heart rate (SMCa) during controlled walking at specific speeds. Minute-by-minute measurements were recorded to evaluate the average error and the accuracy of the data acquired through confidence intervals by means of statistical analysis of the data. Results: The experimental results obtained by the Activ/SMCa apps showed a consistent statistical similarity with those obtained by specialized equipment with confidence intervals of 95%. All the subjects were advised and trained on the use of the applications, and the initial registration of data to characterize them served to significantly affect the perceived ease of use. Conclusions: This is the first model to validate a health-app with elderly people allowed to demonstrate the anthropometric and body movement differences of subjects with equal body mass index (BMI) but younger. Future studies should consider not only BMI data but also other variables, such as age and usability perception factors.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.468-479
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the use of the respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) index, ROX-heart rate (ROX-HR) index, and saturation of percutaneous oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SF ratio) to predict weaning from high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with respiratory distress in a pediatric intensive care unit. Methods: A total of 107 children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit were enrolled in the study between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Data on clinical and personal information, ROX index, ROX-HR index, and SF ratio were collected from nursing records. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, χ² test, Mann-Whitney U test, and area under the curve (AUC). Results: Seventy-five (70.1%) patients were successfully weaned from HFNC, while 32 (29.9%) failed. Considering specificity and sensitivity, the optimal cut off points for predicting treatment success and failure of HFNC oxygen therapy were 6.88 and 10.16 (ROX index), 5.23 and 8.61 (ROX-HR index), and 198.75 and 353.15 (SF ratio), respectively. The measurement of time showed that the most significant AUC was 1 hour before HFNC interruption. Conclusion: The ROX index, ROX-HR index, and SF ratio appear to be promising tools for the early prediction of treatment success or failure in patients initiated on HFNC for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Nurses caring for critically ill pediatric patients should closely observe and periodically check their breathing patterns. It is important to continuously monitor three indexes to ensure that ventilation assistance therapy is started at the right time.

• 감성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

수면단계는 수면감을 평가하는 데 있어서 중요한 생리지표로서 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 수면다원검사를 이용한 전통적 수면단계 분류방법은 뇌전도(electroencephalogram : EEG), 안전도(electrooculogram : EOG), 심전도(electrocardiogram : ECG), 근전도(electromyogram : EMG) 등을 종합적으로 측정하므로 수면단계를 비교적 정확히 분류할 수 있지만 피험자에게 심한 구속감을 주는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는, 각성상태에서 교감신경계가 지배적인 반면에 수면 중에는 부교감 신경계가 더 활동적인 점에 착안하여 수면단계를 간단히 분류할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 수면단계에 따른 심박동변이도(heart rate variability : HRY)를 분석하였다. 이 실험에는 건강한 대학생 6명이 2일씩 전체 12회의 야간수면에 참여하였다. 수면다원검사 장치를 이용하여 피험자들이 수면을 취하고 있는 동안, EEG, EOG, ECG, EMG(턱 및 다리)를 측정하여 수면단계를 "Standard scoring system for sleep stage"에 따라 자동으로 분류하였다. 그런 뒤, 본 연구를 통하여 제작된 Sleep Data Acquisition/Analysis 시스템을 이용하여 수면다원검사 장치로부터 ECG신호만 추출하여 HRV의 전력스펙트럼을 3개의 영역[저주파수대역(low frequency : LF), 중간주파수대역(medium frequency : MF), 고주파수대역(high frequency : HF)]으로 나누어 분석하였다. 단일채널 ECG를 이용하여 수면단계별로 HRV의 LF/HF를 분석한 결과, W(wakefulness)단계가 2단계에 비하여 325%높게(p＜.05), 3단계에 비하여 628%높게(p＜.001), 4단계에 비하여 800%높게(p＜.001) 나타났으며, 4단계는 REM(rapid eye movement)단계에 비하여 427% 낮게(p＜.05), 1단계에 비하여 418% 낮게(p＜.05) 나타났다. 또한 LF/HF가 수면단계에 따라 변화하는 양상은 W, REM, 1, 2, 3, 4단계의 순으로 단조 감소하였다. 한편, 수면단계별 MF/(LF+HF)의 차이는 유의하지 않았으나 표본집단의 기술통계치를 살펴본 바 REM단계와 3단계의 평균치가 가장 높았다.치가 가장 높았다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2022

Recently, owing to global warming, average summer temperatures are increasing and the number of hot days is increasing is increasing, which leads to an increase in heat stroke. In particular, outdoor workers directly exposed to the heat are at higher risk of heat stroke; therefore, preventing heat-related illnesses and managing safety have become important. Although various wearable devices have been developed to prevent heat stroke for outdoor workers, applying various sensors to the safety helmets that workers must wear is an excellent alternative. In this study, we developed a smart helmet that measures various vital signs of the wearer such as body temperature, heart rate, and sweat rate; external environmental signals such as temperature and humidity; and movement signals of the wearer such as roll and pitch angles. The smart helmet can acquire the various data by connecting with a smartphone application. Environmental data can check the status of heat wave advisory, and the individual vital signs can monitor the health of workers. In addition, we developed an algorithm that classifies the risk of heat-related illness as normal and abnormal by inputting a set of vital signs of the wearer using a support vector machine technique, which is a machine learning technique that allows for rapid binary classification with high reliability. Furthermore, the classified results suggest that the safety manager can supervise the prevention of heat stroke by receiving feedback from the control system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1971

Total body perfusion using Rygg-Kyvsgaard Heart-Lung-Machine, Mark IV, Polystan was attempted in the dogs by the hemodilution method with total prime of buffered Hartman's solution and under hypothermia. The first of all, the functions of Rygg--Kyvsgaard Heart-Lung-Machine and the effects of the hemodilution perfusion by buffered Hartman's solution was studied. At the same time the changes of blood pressure, oxygen consumption, and influence on the blood pictures were observed before, during, and in 1-3 days after perfusion. Hemodilution rates were the average 74. 22cc/Kg(the ranges of 67 to 81 cc/Kg) and perfusion flow rates were maintained in the mean 62. 6cc/Kg/min., Although it was possible to check up to 87 cc/ Kg/min. The total body perfusion continued for 60-80 minutes. Hypothermia was employed between $36^{\circ}C$ and $32^{\circ}C$ of the rectal temperature. Arterial pressure was ranged approximately between 68mmHg and 149mmHg, but generally, it was maintained over 80mmHg. Venous pressure was measured between 6.5cm $H_2O$and 11.5cm $H_2O$. Optimum oxygenation can be expected when oxygen flow into the disposable bubble oxygenator was maintained approximately at 3.5 L/min .. Inthis way, the oxygen contents were measured in the mean value of 13.11${\pm}$O.56 vol. % of arterial blood and 8.67+1.08 vol.% of venous blood(P${\pm}$0.86 vol.% in arteriovenous oxygen difference and 2. 97${\pm}$0.62cc/Kg in oxygen consumption were calculated. According to these dates, it is as plain as pikestaff that excellent oxygenation and good tissue perfusion was accomplished. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased about 38% during extracorporeal circulation and these were not recovered until 1-3 days after perfusion. These decrease was resulted from relatively high degree of hemodilution rate and no blood transfusion to compensate during these experimental studies. The platelets were also decreased about 76% during perfusion, but on the contrary, it was increased progressively after perfusion and in 1-3 days after perfusion was returned to the control level. Leucocyte were also decreased during perfusion, but it was increased progessively after perfusion and in 1-3 days after perfusion exceed the control level. This increase was resulted from postoperative infection of the wound, but its analysis were not changed significantly.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.246-256
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• 2011

Due to the increasingly aging population, there is a rising demand for assistive living technologies for the elderly to ensure their health and well-being. The elderly are mostly chronic patients who require frequent check-ups of multiple vital signs, some of which (e.g., blood pressure and blood glucose) vary greatly according to the daily activities that the elderly are involved in. Therefore, the development of novel wearable intelligent systems to effectively monitor the vital signs continuously over a 24 hour period is in some cases crucial for understanding the progression of chronic symptoms in the elderly. In this paper, recent development of Wearable Intelligent Systems for e-Health (WISEs) is reviewed, including breakthrough technologies and technical challenges that remain to be solved. A novel application of wearable technologies for transient cardiovascular monitoring during water drinking is also reported. In particular, our latest results found that heart rate increased by 9 bpm (P < 0.001) and pulse transit time was reduced by 5 ms (P < 0.001), indicating a possible rise in blood pressure, during swallowing. In addition to monitoring physiological conditions during daily activities, it is anticipated that WISEs will have a number of other potentially viable applications, including the real-time risk prediction of sudden cardiovascular events and deaths.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

Purpose: Forests have positive effects on health due to phytoncide, thus increasing physical activity and stress relief. However, research has not been conducted on the daily health benefits of existing forests. Therefore, this study attempts to compare the health status and behaviors of residents in urban and forested areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study used anthropometric measures, blood tests, heart rate variability, depression, stress, and health behavior self-reports for adults between 35 and 79 years from two regions. Results: Adults living in a forested region had better health consequences-including lower prevalence of osteoarthritis (6.4%) and mean bone mineral density (-0.84) -than those in an urban region (osteoarthritis: 13.7%; bone mineral density: -1.55). The percentage of 'physically active' participants (measured in MET-minutes) differed significantly different between the forested (49.1%) and urban (7.3%) areas. However, health behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular heath check-up rates were worse among residents from the forested, than the urban area. Conclusion: We concluded that more proactive forest therapy programs are needed to prove the health differences.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.324-326
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• 2011

수면 중 생체 신호를 측정하는 것은 수면 장애 진단 및 치료의 중요한 부분을 차지하며, 전반적인 수면의 질을 판단하는 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 현재 수면다원검사와 같이 수면중 생체 신호를 측정하는 방법은 몸에 전극을 부착하는 접촉식 방법이 사용되고 있다. 이는 수면 중 움직임에 제약을 받고, 매 측정 시 마다 탈부착을 해야 하는 번거러움과 고통을 유발하게 된다. 이러한 필요성으로 인해 무구속적 방식으로 생체 정보를 획득하려는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 상태이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 필름 타입의 압력센서인 피에조 (Piezo)를 침대에 설치하여 직접적인 접촉과 구속감이 없이 분당 심박 수를 산출하고, 호흡의 유무를 판단하는 방법에 대해 제안하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2009

본 연구는 건강검진 수검자들에 대한 관상동맥질환 위험인자의 유병률을 파악하고자 대전광역시에 있는 C 대학교병원 건강검진센터에서 종합건강검진을 받았던 30세 이상의 일반성인 3,345명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구결과, 관상동맥질환 위험인자의 군집별 유병률을 보면, 위험인자를 1개 갖고 있는 사람이 27.6%, 2개 갖고 있는 사람이 26.5%, 3개 갖고 있는 사람이 16.9%등의 순이었으며, 적어도 1개 이상 관상동맥질환 위험인자를 갖고 있는 사람이 80.0%나 되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 관상동맥질환 발생 위험을 줄이기 위한 위험인자의 군집별 위험군에 근거한 차별화 된 건강증진프로그램의 개발과 보급이 필요하다고 본다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2019

Sleep apnea is a disease that causes various complications, and the polysomnography is expensive and difficult to measure. The purpose of this study is to develop an unrestricted wearable monitoring system so that patients can be examined in a familiar environment. We used a method to detect sleep apnea events and to determine sleep satisfaction by non-constrained method using SpO2 measurement sensor and 3-axis acceleration sensor. Heart rate and SpO2 were measured at the finger using max30100. After acquiring the SpO2 data of the user in real time, the apnea measurement algorithm was used to transmit the number of apnea events of the user to the mobile phone using Bluetooth (HC-06) on the wrist. Using the three-axis acceleration sensor (mpu6050) attached to the upper body, the number of times of tossing and turning during sleep was measured. Based on this data, this algorithm evaluates the patient's tossing and turning during sleep and transmits the data to the mobile phone via Bluetooth. The power source used 9 volts battery to operate Arduino UNO and sensors for portability and stability, and the data received from each sensor can be used to check the various degree between sleep apnea and sleep tossing and turning on the mobile phone. Through thisstudy, we have developed a wearable sleep apnea measurement system that can be easily used at home for the problem of low sleep efficiency of sleep apnea patients.