• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and socioenvironmental characteristics of sudden cardiorespiratory arrest after venipuncture in children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective email-based survey of all members of the Korean Pediatric Society. The questionnaire included items on patient demographics, socioenvironmental circumstances of the venipuncture, type of cardiorespiratory arrest, symptoms and signs, treatment, prognosis, and presumed cause of the arrest. Results: Fourteen patients were identified. Of these, 13 were young children (<2 years old), and 1 was 14 years old. All patients had been previously healthy and had no specific risk factors for sudden cardiorespiratory arrest. Most cases (n=11, 79%) were defined as cardiac or cardiorespiratory arrest, while the remaining cases (n=3, 21%) were defined as respiratory arrest. Aspiration (n=3), acute myocarditis (n=2), and laryngeal chemoreflex (n=1) were presumed as the causes; however, the exact causes were unclear. The overall prognosis was poor (death, n=7; morbidity, n=5; full recovery, n=2). The medical institutions faced severe backlash because of these incidents (out-of-court settlement, n=5; medical lawsuit, n=5; continuous harassment, n=3). Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory arrest after venipuncture is unpredictable and the probable cause of most cases is a vasovagal reaction. Medical personnel must be aware of the risk of unexpected cardiorespiratory arrest during routine intravenous procedures.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 1977

A experimental study of deep hypothermia for open heart surgery in 5 dogs was reviewed. Surface hypothermia in combination with limited cardiopulmonary bypass was employed. Circulatory dynamics were well maintained following cardiac arrest during one hour at $20^{\circ}C$. Some degree of acidosis usually developed after the arrest period but was gradually corrected during. rewarming Total circulatory occlusion could be maintained for at least one hour at $20^{\circ}C$ without evidence of cerebral damage in the dogs. Potassium in the serum after deep hypothermia was moderately decreased and it was the most severe change in the electrolyte. Free hemoglobin of serum was mild increased and it was one of advantages of combined hypothermia with limited cardiopulmonary bypass.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 1992

To evaluate the effect of oxygenation[95% O2+5% CO2] of St. Thomas Hospital No.2 cardioplegic solution[Plegisol], 20 isolated perfused rat hearts were studied under hyp-othermic[20oC] ischemic arrest for 2 hours with infusion of cardioplegic solution every 30 minutes throughout the ischemic period. Ten isolated hearts were studied with the oxygenated cardioplegic solution and 10 another isolated hearts with the nonoxygenated one. Mean oxygen tensions of the nonoxygenated and oxygenated cardioplegic solutions were 150mmHg and 470mmHg, respectively. Two in 10 hearts infused with the nonaxygenated cardioplegic solution were not recovered from nonworking heart due to persistent ventricular fibrillation. In comparing hem-odynamic parameters between both groups, the mean postischemic recovery[expressed as a percentage of its preischemic control value] was significantly greater with the oxygenated solution[in 10 recovered hearts] than the nonoxygenated solution[in 8 recovered hearts] [95.9$\pm$1.8% compared with 88.5$\pm$2.9% in peak aortic pressure, p<0.05, 75.7$\pm$5.2% compared with 43.5$\pm$6.5% in aortic flow, p<0.01, 75.5$\pm$4.6% compared with 54.1$\pm$5.6% in cardiac output, p<0.01, 78.3$\pm$4.6% compared with 60.3$\pm$4.6% compared with 60.3$\pm$6.2% in stroke volume, p<0.05, and 80.4$\pm$5.3% compared with 58.6$\pm$7.0% in dP/dT, p<0.05]. It is concluded that oxygenation of St. Thomas Hospital No.2 cardioplegic solution improves cardiac electrical stability and postischemic hemodynamic recovery after ischemic arrest in the isolated perfused rat heart.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2012

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a series of life-saving actions that improve the chances of survival, following cardiac arrest. Successful resuscitation, following cardiac arrest, requires an integrated set of coordinated actions represented by the links in the Chain of Survival. The links include the following: immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions, rapid defibrillation, effective advanced life support, and integrated post-cardiac arrest care. The newest development in the CPR guideline is a change in the basic life support sequence of steps from "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, Chest compressions) to "C-A-B" (Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing) for adults. Also, "Hands-Only (compression only) CPR" is emphasized for the untrained lay rescuer. On the basis of the strength of the available evidence, there was unanimous support for continuous emphasis on high-quality CPR with compressions of adequate rate and depth, which allows for complete chest recoil, minimizing interruptions in chest compressions and avoiding excessive ventilation. High-quality CPR is the cornerstone of a system of care that can optimize outcomes beyond return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). There is an increased emphasis on physiologic monitoring to optimize CPR quality, and to detect ROSC. A comprehensive, structured, integrated, multidisciplinary system of care should be implemented in a consistent manner for the treatment of post-cardiac arrest care patients. The return to a prior quality and functional state of health is the ultimate goal of a resuscitation system of care.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1998

짧은 기간의 허혈은 뒤에 오는 장시간의 허혈 및 재관류시에 심근의 손상방지에 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있으나 그 기전에 대해서는 논란이 많다. 본 연구에서는 심근에 단기간의 허혈조건을 부여한 후 심근보호액을 이용하여 심정지를 유도하였고 다시 재관류하였을 때 심근 기능의 회복에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 적출 쥐 심장모델을 이용하여 2 시간의 저장기를 이용하여 재관류시의 기능을 비교하였다. 10 마리의 실험군에서는 심근보호액을 이용한 심정지전에 1 분간의 전체 허혈기를 가지고 5 분간의 재관류를 3 번 반복하는 방법으로 허혈조건부여를 하였으며 대조군에서는 위와 같은 조건부여 없이 2 시간의 심근보호액을 이용한 심정지 및 저장기를 가졌다. 2 시간의 저장기를 $0^{\circ}C$의 심근보호액에서 가진 후 재관류를 하여 두 군간의 회복시의 기능을 비교하였다. 재관류 20 분후의 회복기 기능의 비교에서 허혈 조건부여를 한 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 좌심실 발생압 및 좌 심실압 순간 변화율에서 우수한 회복율을 보였다. 심정지전의 수치를 100으로 본 경우의 재관류시의 좌심실 발생압의 회복율에서 허혈 조건부여를 준 실험군에서는 93.20$\pm$15.7%의 회복율을 보인 반면 대조군에서는 67.3$\pm$15.6%의 회복율을 보여 차이가 있었다. 좌심실압 순간 변화율의 회복율에서 대조군은 54.7$\pm$18.2%의 회복율을 보인 반면 실험군에서는 78.1$\pm$15.1% 의 회복율을 보였다. 심박동수 및 관동맥 관류량에서는 양 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 발견하지 못하였으며 같은 압력으로 관류한 심근보호액의 관류량에서도 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과 허혈 조건부여는 적출 쥐 심장에서 심근보호액을 이용한 심정지 및 2 시간의 저장 후 재관류시의 심근 기능 회복에 재관류시 심근기능 회복에 도움이 된다고 생각되며 이는 심근보호액의 관류량 및 관류저항과는 다른 기전에 의한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.525-527
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• 2019

심정지(Cardiac arrest)는 원인과 관계없이 심장의 박동이 정지되어 발생하는 일련의 상태를 말한다. 심정지 발생 시 환자의 생명을 구하기 위한 유일한방법 중 하나는 심폐소생술이며 이 술기를 통하여 순환을 유지 시킬 수 있고, 고품질의 심폐소생술은 환자의 생존률과 신경학적 예후에 영향을 미치기 때문에 매우 중요한 술기이다. 영아 심폐소생술의 경우 두 손가락으로 가슴을 압박하는 방법을 사용한다. 하지만 이 방법은 해부학적으로 손가락의 피로도가 가중되고 수직압박이 힘들어 미국심장협회에서 권장한 가슴압박깊이에 도달하기 힘들 수 있다. 이 연구는 영아 심폐소생술 중 가슴압박 시행 시 새로운 가슴압박법의 효과를 검증하고, 고품질의 심폐소생술을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구결과 가슴압박 방법에 따라 가슴의 평균압박깊이 및 평균압박 속도가 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001) 또한 가슴압박의 편리성 및 통증정도에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 영아 심폐소생술 중 새로운 가슴압박법 시행 시 정확도가 높아지고, 가슴압박 깊이가 나아져 가슴압박의 질적 지표가 개선되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.647-655
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• 1991

The efficacy of cold blood potassium cardioplegia during periods of ischemic arrest was assessed in 88 patients undergoing open heart surgical procedures at Chonnam National University Medical School from December, 1987 to January, 1989. The purpose of this study was to determine if the aortic cross clamping time[ACCT] over 120 minutes correlated with operative mortality, incidence of postoperative ventricular tachyarrhythmias, needs of postoperative inotropic support and serum enzyme levels. The patients were divided according to aortic cross clamping time[less than 120 minutes and 120 minutes or greater]. The results were as follows: 1. The operative mortality was 3.2% in ACCT<120min group and 7.7% in ACCT>120 min group. 2. The incidence of postoperative ventricular tachyarrhythmia was 1.6% in ACCT <120min group and 11.5% in ACCT>120min group[p<0.05]. 3. The incidence of postoperative inotropic support in congenital heart disease was 13.0Fo in ACCT<120min group and 45.0%o in ACCT>120min group[p<0.05]. The incidence in acquired heart disease was 26.0% in ACCT<120min group and 40.0% in ACCT> 120min group. 4. After cardiopulmonary bypass, serum GOT, LDH, CPK and CPK - MB were elevated prominently. Children showed higher value of the enzymes examined than adults did before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. In congenital heart diseases, postoperative serum GOT, LDH, CPK and CPK - MB levels of ACCT>120min group were significantly higher than those of ACCT<120min group. Postoperative serum GOT, LDH and CPK - MB levels of ACCT>=120min group were significantly higher than those of ACCT<120min group also in acquired heart diseases. The results suggest that the myocardial protective effect with cold blood potassium cardioplegic solutions was not sufficient when the aortic cross clamping time was over 120 minutes.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.138-141
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• 1997

Rib fracture due to intense pain, may restrict patients from inadequate coughing. These conditions may produce varying degrees of complications such as atelectasis, pneumonia and arterial hypoxemia. Thoracic epidural analgesia has been used to treat pain associated multiple rib fractures because of its marked improvement in vital capacity and dynamic lung compliance. However, there are complications related to thoracic epidural analgesia which may include damage to spinal cord, perforation of dura, respiratory depression, decrease heart rate and arterial blood pressure. We experienced such a case of cardiac arrest during thoracic epidural analgesia while treating a patient for multiple rib fractures.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.721-722
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• 2002

The aim of this work is to analyze changes in cerebral hemodynamics and intracranial pressure mediated by cerebral blood flow challenges in patients with acute heart arrest. Lumped parameter model with feedback mechanism is utilized to simulate the hemodynamics of brain blood flow in case 40 min T-PLS operation is applied to patients of cardiac arrest. Numerical solutions show that cerebral blood flow and perfusion pressure in patients of cardiac arrest are sharply recovered in the initial state of T-PLS operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.292-294
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• 2016

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a new treatment for refractory heart failure. However, most patients with heart failure treated with CRT are adults, middle-aged or older with idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. We treated a 12-year-old boy, who was transferred after cardiac arrest, with dilated cardiomyopathy, left bundle-branch block, and ventricular tachycardia. We performed cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D). After CRT-D, left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 22% to 4 4% assessed by echocardiogram 1 year postoperatively. On electrocardiogram, QRS duration was shortened from 206 to 144 ms. The patient's clinical symptoms also improved. For pediatric patients with refractory heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia, CRT-D could be indicated as an effective therapeutic option.