• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2010

This study examined the relationship between speech intelligibility and comprehensibility for hearing impaired children with cochlear implants. Speech intelligibility was measured by orthographic transcription method for acoustic signal at the level of words and sentences. Comprehensibility was evaluated by examining listener's ability to answer questions about the contents of a narrative. Speech samples were collected from 12 speakers(age of 6~15 years) with cochlear implants. For each speaker, 4 different listeners(total of 48 listeners) completed 2 tasks: One task involved making orthographic transcriptions and the other task involved answering comprehension questions. The results of the study were as follows: (1) Speech intelligibility and comprehensibility scores tended to be increased by decreasing of severity. (2) Across all speakers, the relationship was significant between speech intelligibility and comprehensibility scores without considering severity. However, within severity groups, there was the significant relationship between comprehensibility and speech intelligibility only for moderate-severe group. These results suggest that speech intelligibility scores measured by orthographic transcription may not accurately reflect how well listener comprehend speech of children with cochlear implants and therefore, measures of both speech intelligibility and listener comprehension should be considered in evaluating speech ability and information-bearing capability in speakers with cochlear implants.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2000

Twenty normal and 20 severe-to-profound hearing-impaired subjects participated in the present study. The two groups are matched by their chronological age. Each subject made a recording of three vowels of /i/, /a/, and /u/, and nine $VC_{plosive}V$ (hereafter, VCV) disyllables of /epe/, /ep'e/, /$ep^{h}e$/, /ete/, /et'e/, /$et^{h}e$/, /eke/, /ek'e/, and /$ek^{h}e$/, each five times. Formant frequencies of $F_1,\;F_2,\;and\;F_3$ were measured for the three vowels and six measures were made for the nine disyllables. The six measures were (1) the total duration of the disyllable, (2) the duration of the first vowel, (3) the duration of the closed period, (4) the ratio of the first vowel over the first vowel plus the closure period of the consonant, (5) the duration of the aspiration, and (6) the duration of the second vowel. Results shows that the three formants and each of the measures were significantly different between the two groups of subjects.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2020

According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, "Status of Registered Persons with Disabilities", the number of people with disabilities is 2,494,460 as of 2015. The lowest rates of children with disabilities were intellectual disabilities (23%) and mental disorders (33.3%). The highest rates of screening were blindness (97%), heart failure (94.4%), and hearing impairment (92.7%). 65.2% of visually impaired people who have already had a disability at the time of marriage, and the remaining 34.8% can be thought to be the cause of high incidence of disability after marriage. 'SID (Seed in the Dark)' project was designed to recapture the visually impaired parent's desire for attachment and the space difficulties of the blind who want to be a normal parent to their children through a visual impairment of a father with 7-year-old daughter. Using Gear VR(Virtual Reality), the general public was able to feel the surroundings as if they had no vision and focused on the hearing. Especially, We expressed the sound wave visually and added the hilarious game element which grasps the terrain of the maze by sound wave like a 'blind person who perceives the surroundings by sound' and catches up with daughter. People with disabilities who are far from mental illness often have a form of family with children. The fact that the rate of childbirth is high means that there is relatively little problem in daily life. It is wondered that the rate of blindness among the visually impaired, which accounts for 10% of the total disabled, is the highest at 97%. This is because, in the case of the visually impaired, the obstacle is often caused by aging, accidents, or diseases due to inherited causes rather than the visual disorder. In particular, However, the fact that there is an obstacle in vision that accounts for 83% of the body's sensory organs causes other difficulties in the nursing process of children who are non-disabled. Parents do not know the face of child when their visual impairment is severe. Parents are extremely anxious about worry that they will be lost or abducted if their children are not by their side. And that the child recognizes the disability of his or her parents other than the other parents easily and takes it as a deficiency. Since visually impaired parents are mentally mature parents with non-disabled people, they may want their children not to feel deprived of their disability. The number of people with visual impairments has been increasing since 2001, and people with impairments often become disabled. In addition, there is much research on the problem of nondisabled parents who have children with disabilities, while there is relatively little interest and research on the problem of nondisabled child rearing of parents with disabilities.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2008

청각장애우들과 일반인과의 커뮤니케이션을 위한 구화체계가 연구되고 있지만 사회적인 무관심과 시장성의 결여로 기존 교사가 일일이 지도하는 비효율적 교육 방식으로 진행되고 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기위하여 3차원 애니메이션 및 디지털 테크놀로지 기술을 활용한 콘텐츠를 개발이 필요하다. 캐릭터 제작을 위한 표준얼굴 및 표준구형 조사를 위해 국내 서울 및 경기지역 초등학교 $3{\sim}6$학년 학생의 얼굴관련 데이터를 충분히 수집하여 해당 연령층 학생들의 얼굴과 구형에 대한 표준을 도출하였다. 이러한 자료는 청각장애우를 위한 콘텐츠개발의 기초자료 뿐 아니라 실질적으로 적용할 수 있는 표준치수 및 표준 형태를 제공할 수 있다. 캐릭터 구화 애니메이션 시스템은 3D캐릭터 애니메이션을 응용하여 대화를 이해하고 자신의 의사표현을 교육하는 시스템으로 3D 기술과 모션캡쳐를 접목시켜 가정 및 특수교육 기관에서 언어교육이 필요한 청각장애아동들의 언어교육에 효과적인 학습을 지원한다.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1977년도 제11차 학술대회연제 순서 및 초록
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• pp.5.2-5
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• 1977

언어는 사람의 의사전달에 중요한 역할을 할 뿐 아니라 행복한 일상생활을 영위해 나가는데 있어서 기본적이고도 필수적이며, 상호간의 문화교류면에서 중요한 수단이 된다함은 물론이 다. 이러한 언어의 정상발육은 사람의 정상적인 청각기능을 통해서 형성되며, 만일 성장도중에 어떠한 원인으로 청력을 상설하게 되면 언어습득에 장애를 입게됨은 물론. 정서 및 인격형성에도 장애를 초래함으로서 결국에는 주위환경이나 일상생활에 적응하기 어려운 경우를 맞게 된다. 더욱이 오늘날의 사회구조가 고도로 복잡해짐에 따라서 청력장애자들에 대한 치료와 특수교육문제 및 그들의 취업분야 선택이나 사회적인 보상문제, 혹은 이를 판정하기 위한 신체검사기준치등을 정하는데 있어서 청력장애도의 설정과 적절한 분류가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 청력장애에 대한 분류는 1940년에 Beasley가 3등급으로 분류한 것을 비롯하여, 1950년에 A.M.A. (American medical association)에서 음의 주파수에 따른 언어청취범위를 백분율로 조사한 바 있고, 1959년에 A.A.O.O. (American academy of ophthalmology and otolayngology)에서, Huzing (1959), Silverman(1963)등이 분류한 것을 기준으로 삼아오다가 그 후로 보청기의 성능 및 청력검사계기의 발달을 바탕으로, 1965년 (I.S.O 기준)에는 Goodman 씨가 좀 더 체계적으로 청력장애의 정도를 분류함과 동시에 그에 따른 치료 및 사회적 대책에 대해기재한 것을 사용하고 있으나 아직까지 우리나라에서는 이에 대한 연구보고가 없는 터에 본 교실에서는 최근 1년간 난청을 주소로 본 이비인후과 외래를 방문한 환자중 180명을 대상으로 하여 Goodman 씨 분류법에 따라 청력장애정도를 분류함과 동시에 우리 일상생활 가운데서 청력과 비교적 밀접한 관계가 있다고 생각되는 몇 가지 기준사항(대화, 방송, 학교 및 교회, 전화, 집단토의, 음원의 방향)을 지표로 하여 청력장애도와 각 사항의 응답재료를 검토한 바 있기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

This study tested normal hearing adults' auditory perception of rhythm and intonation patterns, with low-frequency speech energy. The results showed that the narrow-band low-frequency zones of 125, 250, or 500 Hz provided the same important rhythm and intonation cues as did the wide-band condition. This suggested that an auditory training strategy that uses low-frequency filters would be effective for structuring or re-structuring the perception of rhythm and intonation patterns. These filters force the client to focus on these patterns, because the speech intelligibility is drastically reduced. This strategy can be used with both normal-hearing and hearing impaired children and adults with poor listening skills, and possibly poor speech intelligibility.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.141-142
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• 2008

Hearing loss is the most common birth defect among infants. Yet most hearing-impaired children are not identified until 1 to 3 years of age - which is well beyond the critical period(6 month) for healthy speech and language development. However, if a hearing-impairment is identified and treated in its early stages, child's speech and language skills will be comparable to his or her normal- hearing peers. For these reasons, hearing screening at birth and routinely throughout childhood is extremely important. Auditory brain-stem response(ABR) is nowadays one of the most reliable diagnostic tools in the early detection of hard of hearing. In this study, we developed the system that detects auditory evoked potential using micro-processor. Furthermore, it is required to develop a portable system to measure in not only soundproof room but also nursery for infants.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제64호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the acoustic perception different by formants change for profoundly hearing impaired children with cochlear implants. The subjects were 10 children after 15 months of experience with the implant and mean of their chronological age was 8.4 years and Standard deviation was 2.9 years. The ability of auditory perception was assessed using acoustic-synthetic vowels. The acoustic-synthetic vowel was combined with F1, F2, and F3 into a vowel and produced 42 synthetic sound, using Speech GUI(Graphic User Interface) program. The data was deal with clustering analysis and on-line analytical processing for perception ability of acoustic synthetic vowel. The results showed that auditory perception scores of acoustic-synthetic vowels for cochlear implanted children were increased in F2 synthetic vowels compaire to those of F1. And it was found that they perceived the differences of vowels in terms of distance rates between F1 and F2 in specific vowel.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.86-89
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• 2017

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder, including clinical features of pigmentary abnormalities of irides, skin, hair and sensorineural hearing loss and facial dysmorphism. Among the four types, WS type IV (Waardenburg-Shah syndrome) additionally represents Hirschsprung's disease. Mutations in the SOX10, END3, or EDNRB genes are known to cause WS type IV. Here, we report a 6 year-old girl who was diagnosed as WS type IV by typical clinical manifestations, including skin hypopigmentation, heterochromia of both irides, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, mild developmental delay and Hirschsprung's disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic analysis of EDNRB. Two novel EDNRB mutations were identified, and each mutation was segregated from each of her parents. During the follow-up period, the patient underwent a surgery for spleen torsion and was medically managed due to recurrent enterocolitis. Also, she suffered from impaired immunity including Hirschsprung's associated enterocolitis.

• 한국멀티미디어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국멀티미디어학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회(하)
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• pp.839-843
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• 2003

듣고 발화하는 과정을 통해 언어를 재구성해가는 건청아동과는 달리 청각장애 아동은 청력의 상실로 인해 언어습득의 선천적 매커니즘이 작용될 수 없으며 이는 청각장애아동의 언어능력향상을 위한 웹기반언어학습이 의도적으로 구성되어야 항을 의미한다. 동작이나 상황을 나타내는 말을 동적으로 구현하여 사물 및 행동에 대한 관찰력을 증진시키고 주도적으로 상황언어를 익힐 수 있도록 유도하는 시스템 구성이 필요하며 대체사고 전략을 활용하고 얼굴표정과 반대어와 대비어를 강조해야 함이 웹기반 언어학습을 통한 청각장애아동의 문법적 오류를 감소시키는 효과적 방법임을 이 논문을 통해 제안하고자 한다.