• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

Background: Social status might be a determinant of occupational health inequalities. This study analyzed the effects of social status on both work environments and health outcomes. Methods: The study sample consisted of 27,598 wage employees aged 15 years and older from among the Korean Working Condition Survey participants in 2011. Work environments included atypical work, physical risks, ergonomic risks, work demands, work autonomy, social supports, and job rewards. Health outcomes comprised general health, health and safety at risk because of work, the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index, work-related musculoskeletal disease, and work-related injury. Multivariable logistic-regression models were used to identify the associations between social status and work environments and health outcomes. Results: Employees in the demographically vulnerable group had lower occupational status compared with their counterparts. Low social status was largely related to adverse work environments. Especially, precarious employment and manual labor occupation were associated with both adverse work environments and poor health outcomes. Conclusion: Precarious and manual workers should take precedence in occupational health equity policies and interventions. Their cumulative vulnerability, which is connected to demographics, occupational status, adverse work environments, or poor health outcomes, can be improved through a multilevel approach such as labor market, organizations, and individual goals.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.622-635
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the level of job stress and health status and find out factors affecting the health status among circulation enterprise workers. Method: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The subjects were 128 workers whose mean age was 33.2 years. Korean occupational stress questionnaire Short Form was used to measure job stress. Todai Heath Index that was made by Aoki in 1977 and translated by Kim(1997) was used to measure the health status. Results: The total job stress scores of men and woman fell in the lower 50% of Korean workers. Job autonomy and interpersonal conflicts as a subcategories fell in upper level 50% in both men and women and job insecurity fell in the upper level 50% in women. The mean score of health status was 51.47, indicating slightly higher frequency of complains of health symptoms. There was no significant correlation between total job stress and total health status. Finally, factors influencing the health status were organizational system and age. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop comprehensive stress management programs including interventions of personal and organizational levels for promoting workers' health.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey periodontal status using oral health index in the elderly population and determine methods for improving oral health status. Methods: The date collected from 'The fifth korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2010' was analyzed in this study. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 for windows. We determined frequencies and percentage, calculating means, and standard deviations, and determining statistical significance using logistic regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. Results: General characteristics showed differences in oral health behaviors associated with gender, age, residence, education. General characteristics showed differences in periodontal status associated with gender, family type, gender, residence, education. Oral health behaviors showed differences in periodontal status associated with using oral health care products, dental treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to improve oral health of the elderly, the importance and needs of periodontal status should be emphasized. periodontal status related education for the elderly should be operated.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data. Methods: The study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild's conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates. Results: Gompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche. Conclusions: Weight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2023

This study examined the trend of healthcare status and compared the status of South Korea and other member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) using the OECD health statistics 2022. We used the OECD health statistics from 2022 and a position value for relative comparison (PARC) index to compare the five elements of the healthcare system. The study also used a Mann-Kendall test to analyze the trend of the PARC values from 2000 to the present year. The findings of the study indicate that many South Korea's PARC values were higher than the OECD median. But practicing physician in supply part and medical cost were lower than OECD median but the trend significantly increased. Medical accessibility part and quality of care part except primary care, and mental health had a high relative position but the trend did not increased significantly. After outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, there were changes in medical accessibility. Health screening and vaccinations showed an overall decline in 2020 compared to 2019. These results suggest that policymakers need to take necessary steps for a sustainable healthcare system in the country.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2010

Aim : This study was conducted to assess the oral health status of deaf and mute children attending special school. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 137 deaf and mute children with ages ranging from 7 to 18 years. A total of 76 males (55.47%) with mean age of $14.2{\pm}4.5$ and 61 females (44.53%) with mean age of $13.8{\pm}4.2$ years and studying in a school for deaf and mute children in Warora were considered. Data were collected using a standard method recommended by WHO for the oral health survey in 1977. Oral health status was assessed using OHIS, Loe and Sinless, and CPI Index along with DMFT and DMFS Index. Gingival position was considered for measuring attachment loss. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software package (version 17.0). Results : The mean DMFT was found to be $2.53{\pm}1.72$, and mean DMFS, $3.37{\pm}3.16$. The prevalence of dental caries was pegged at 35.32%, with mean OHIS score at $1.49{\pm}0.76$. Overall gingival index among deaf and mute children was $0.81{\pm}1.4$, whereas that for the upper arch and lower arch was $0.92{\pm}0.84$ and $1.19{\pm}0.95$, respectively. The mean score for the CPI Index among deaf and mute children was found to be $0.42{\pm}0.32$. Gingival clinical attachment loss was found to be $0.26{\pm}0.15mm$. Conclusion : These findings suggest that children with hearing disabilities can also have good oral hygiene comparable to normal individuals of the same age group. These results may be attributed to the fact that the study sample was taken from a single school of a private organization with a well-equipped dental setup.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

본 연구는 구강건강행위와 구강건강상태, 구강위생관리능력과의 상호관계를 분석하여, 치과위생관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 2007년 9월 5일부터 12월 1일까지 S대학 치위생과 구강위생실습실을 내원한 스켈링 실습환자를 대상으로 실시하였으며, SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 1. 연령이 낮을수록 우식경험처치치아의 수(FT index)가 높은 것으로 조사되었으며, 구강위생용품 영역, 정기적인 치과방문 영역, 식이조절 영역에서는 연령이 증가할수록 구강건강행위가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 2. 대상자의 구강건강행위 정도는 5점 만점에서 2.62로 대체적으로 낮은 수준으로 조사되었으며, 잇솔질 영역에서는 '위아래로 치아를 닦고 잇몸과 혀도 닦는다', 구강위생용품 영역에서는 '구강양치액(가그린)을 사용 한다', 정기적인 치과방문 영역에서는 '아픈 경우 미루지 않고 치과에 방문 한다', 식이조절 영역에서는 '우식성식품 보다 청정식품을 섭취 한다', 교육 및 관심 영역에서는 '흡연이 구강건강에 좋지 않음을 교육받는 적이 있다'가 가장 높게 조사되었다. 3. 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험미처치치아(DT index)의 수가 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었으며, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험처치치아의 수는 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 치면세마 실습실에 내원한 환자의 구강위생관리능력 수준을 분석한 결과 '양호' 25%, '보통' 36.3, 불량 30.4, 매우불량 8.3%로 조사되어 대부분의 환자들의 구강위생관리 능력이 불량한 것으로 조사되었으며, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 구강위생관리능력 지수는 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 구강건강행위와 우식경험미처치치아(DT index) 간에 음(-)의 상호관련성이 있는 것으로 분석되어, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험미처치치아(DT index)의 수는 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다(p < .01). 구강건강행위와 우식경험처치치아(FT index) 간에 양(+)의 상호관련성이 있는 것으로 분석되어, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험처치치아(FT index) 수는 높아지는 것으로 조사되었다(p<.01). 구강건강행위와 구강위생관리능력 지수(PHP index) 간에 음(-)의 상호관련성을 보이고 있어 구강건강행위가 높을수록 구강위생관리능력 지수(PHP index)는 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다(p < .01).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.158-170
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the association between health status and tooth loss based on data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Examinee Cohort in 2002-2015. Methods: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to a longitudinal retrospective database, which was updated and newly released in 2018, to assess the association between health status and tooth loss while adjusting for potential confounders among sociodemographic and economic factors (sex, age, household income, insurance, and presence of disability), general and oral health status (body mass index [BMI], smoking and drinking status, periodic dental visits and scaling, and brushing before sleep), and comorbid disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM], and Charlson comorbidity index [CCI]). Results: Among 514,866 participants from a South Korean population, 234,247 (45.5%) participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were analyzed. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, sex, age, household income, insurance, presence of disability, BMI, smoking and drinking status, periodic scaling, tooth brushing before sleep, DM, and CCI showed statistically significant associations with the loss of at least 1 tooth. The risk of experiencing a loss of ${\geq}4$ teeth was associated with an increase in age (in those 50-59 years of age: hazard ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-2.03; in those 60-69 years of age: HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.85-3.02; and in those 70-79 years of age: HR, 2.93; 95%, CI 2.81-3.05), smoking (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.65-1.73), and DM (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.38-1.48). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the risk of experiencing tooth loss was related to multiple determinants. DM and smoking were especially significantly associated with tooth loss.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.367-381
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the status of dental care in underserved areas of Korea. Methods: This study targeted 229 cities in Korea. The analytical index was revised and supplemented with variables related to dental care, and the "oral health level" indexes were further selected to provide a total of 20 analytical indexes. All selected indexes were converted into T scores (cited by the Korea Health Promotion Institute) and subjectively weighted. Finally, the regional oral health indices and areas were derived. PASW Statistics 25.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyze descriptive statistics. Results: Gyeongbuk Cheongsong-gun had the highest dental underserved index. The city with the highest regional oral health underserved index was Jeonnam Shinan-gun. Daegu Jung-gu had the lowest dental underserved index and regional oral health underserved index. Regional gaps existed between dental care and the regional oral health underserved index according to the city province (p<0.001). Conclusions: To continuously evaluate oral health conditions and projects centered on vulnerable areas, it is necessary to develop indicators to derive vulnerable areas for dental care and to develop effective public dental policies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2014

Objectives: The present study examined relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity and body mass index (BMI) as well as the effects of health-related behavioral and psychological factors on the relationships. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on Korean adults aged 20 to 79 years using data from the 2001, 2005, and 2007 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of obesity and mean differences in BMI, respectively, across SES levels after controlling for health-related behavioral and psychological factors. Results: We observed significant gender-specific relationships of SES with obesity and BMI after adjusting for all covariates. In men, income, but not education, showed a slightly positive association with BMI (p<0.05 in 2001 and 2005). In women, education, but not income, was inversely associated with both obesity and BMI (p<0.0001 in all datasets). These relationships were attenuated with adjusting for health-related behavioral factors, not for psychological factors. Conclusions: Results confirmed gender-specific disparities in the associations of SES with obesity and BMI among adult Korean population. Focusing on intervention for health-related behaviors may be effective to reduce social inequalities in obesity.