• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 1992

The purposes of this literature review were to identify the theoretical basis and components of the concept hardiness, trends in the study of hardiness it's application in nursing and issues in measurement. The concept of hardiness has been derived deductively from existential psychology and is composed of three components, control, commitment and challenge. In research, the characteristic of hardiness has been demonstrated as a motivating factor in resolving stressful situations and in adapting to actual health problems. With regard to the measurement of hardiness, because of it's low level of predictability related to health outcomes, it is recommanded that the component of be omited from the concept of hardiness. On the basis of this literature review, the following suggestions are proposed. 1. Considering the lack of empirical suport, the theory of hardiness needs to be evaluated. 2. There is a need for further study of hardiness in a broad variety of populations. 3. A valid, reliable and culturally appropriate instrument needs to be developed for health related research. 4. Analysis is needed of the relationship between hardiness and stress-resistance, and of the factors related to both.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2007

Recently, dietary pattern analysis was emerged as an approach to examine the relationships between diet and risk of chronic diseases. This study was to identify groups with population who report similar dietary pattern in Korean genome epidemiology study (KoGES) and association with several chronic diseases. The cohort participants living in Ansung and Ansan (Gyeonggi province) were totally 10,038. Among those, 6,873 subjects with no missing values in food frequency questionnaire were included in this analysis. After combining 103 food items into 17 food groups, 4 dietary factors were obtained by factor analysis based on their weights. Factor 1 showed high factor loadings in vegetables, mushrooms, meats, fish, beverages, and oriental-cereals. Factor 2 had high factor loadings in vegetables, fruits, fish, and factor 3 had high factor loadings in cereal-oriental, cerial-western and snacks. Factor 4 showed positive high factor loadings in rice and Kimchi and negative factor loadings in mushrooms and milk and dairy products. Using factor scores of four factors, subjects were classified into 3 clusters by K-means clustering. We named those 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group, 'Contented eating' group, and 'Healthy and light eating' group depending on their eating characteristics. 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group showed high prevalence in men, farmers and 60s. 'Contented eating' group and 'Healthy and light eating' group had high prevalence in women, people living in urban area (Ansan Citizen), with high-school education and above, and a monthly income of one million won and more. 'Contented eating' group appeared lower distribution proportion in the sixties and 'Healthy and light eating' group does higher in the fifties. 'Contented eating' versus 'Rice and Kimchi eating', odds ratio for hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity significantly decreased after adjusting age and sex (OR=0.64, 0.73, and 0.85 respectively, 95% CI). Although our results were from a cross-sectional study, these imply that the dietary patterns were related to diseases.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.500-506
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the health concerns, health behavior, and related factors for elders taking part in activities at senior centers. Method: A total of 811 elders were selected through conveniently sampling. Data were collected from November 21, 2006 to December 20, 2006. Data analysis included frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS Win 15.0. Results: For health concerns statistically significant differences were found for gender, age, family, pockety money, sleeping time, regular health check-ups, and exercise. For health behavior statistically significant differences were found for gender, age, family, pocket money, religion, medical insurance, perceived health status, sleeping time, regular health check-ups, chronic illness, regular breakfast, exercise, and drinking. Perceived health status was identified as a variable influencing the health behavior. Conclusion: The results suggest that perceived health status can be considered as factor for significant nursing interventions to help single elders and older elders in senior centers.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2008

국내 외 선행연구결과에 의한 어린이 출생 전 후 건강에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 주요 유해물질은 inorganic arsenic, BPA, 2,4-D, dichlorvos, methylmercury, PCBs, pesticide, phthalate, PFOA/PFOS, vinyl chloride 등으로서 국내에서도 이들을 포함한 확인 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것이다. 또한 어린이들의 행동발달과 연관된 생활환경에서의 다양한 인체노출이 확인됨에 따라 탁아소, 유치원과 같은 경우 어린이 활동공간을 대상으로 환경모니터링 및 위해관리활동도 병행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 어린이 건강에 영향을 미치는 유해물질을 중심으로 독성평가, 인체영향연구, 환경 및 인체모니터링과 위해평가를 수행하므로 유해물질의 원인-상관관계를 확인하고 사실자료에 근거한 관리정책을 반영하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.314-326
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of uncertainty, social support, and sick role behavior on health-related quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods: This study is a descriptive research using self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from 167 patients with peripheral arterial disease. Measurement tools were Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS), Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), Sick role behavior measurement tools and SF-36 Version I. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis by using SPSS/WIN 24.0. Results: Factors that significantly influenced physical health-related quality of life were age (β=-.19, p=.010), monthly income (β=.17, p=.027), uncertainty (β=-.29, p<.001), and exercise and rest (β=.28, p<.001) that all together accounted for 32.6% of the variance. Factors that significantly influenced mental health-related quality of life were monthly income (β=.20, p=.015), drinking (β=.17, p=.040), uncertainty (β=-.24, p=.001), and exercise and rest in sick role behavior (β=.26, p=.003) that all together accounted for 18.2% of the variance. Social support was an insignificant factor on physical and mental health-related quality of life. Conclusion: To improve the health-related quality of life of people with peripheral arterial disease, it is necessary to develop a systematic nursing intervention program including a strong support system, education, strategies for alcohol abstinence, and exercise and rest therapy.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.435-446
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• 2019

본 논문은 노인요양시설에서 생활하는 고령자를 대상으로 12주간 실시한 근력운동 프로그램(주 3회, 회당 60분)이 노인들의 건강관련 체력 및 대사증후군 요인에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 실시되었다. 총 27명의 대상자(운동군 15명, 대조군 12명)가 참여하였으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 12주간의 근력운동 프로그램은 노인의 건강관련 체력요인을 유의하게 증가시켰으며, 특히 근력 및 평형성, 그리고 유연성의 증가가 보행능력을 크게 향상시켜 낙상을 예방하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 노인요양시설에서 근력운동이 노인들의 혈압과 혈당을 유의하게 감소시켜 대사증후군의 위험인자를 긍정적으로 개선시킴으로써 건강수준을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2019

Background: This study is to investigate the association between the distribution of multimorbidity and length of stay and medical expenses among inpatients in a municipal hospital to achieve an integrated care setting. Methods: We used the exploratory factor analysis and the generalized estimating equation model to analyze the data from patients living in the northeast region of Seoul, who were hospitalized from January 2017 to December 2017 in a municipal hospital. Results: As a result of the factor analysis, seven types of multiple chronic diseases were classified. Among the elderly patients admitted to municipal hospitals, the burden of medical expenses was mainly influenced by the length of stay (B=310,719, p-value <0.0001), not the type of disease (all not significant). Length of stay were mainly due to psychiatric illness (factor 1: B=4.323, p-value <0.0001) related to the brain and metabolic diseases (factor 2: B=2.364, p-value=0.003). Conclusion: This study showed that the medical expenses of the elderly patients were largely due to prolonged hospitalization, not multimorbidity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrated care paradigm strategy cope with the multimorbidity of the elderly in the community and to alleviate the socio-economic burden.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2024

Background: The Work Ability Index (WAI) is an instrument that measures work ability. The wide dispersion of the WAI internationally has led to its adaptation for use in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the WAI. Methods: A methodological design was used over an opportunistic sample of 233 workers in the aeronautical industry in Spain. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency. Factorial validity, known groups, and convergent validity were tested. Results: The Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation indicated an adequate internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis, performed to evaluate the factorial validity, found adequate fit indices for a two-factor solution with a high correlation between the factors. Factor 1, "Subjectively estimated work ability and resources", was composed of 3 subscales and factor 2, "Ill-health-related", of 2 subscales. Subscales 4 and 6 had loading in both factors. Workers under 45 years of age obtained higher significant scores than older ones. Convergent validity was also evidenced since WAI was highly correlated with self-assessment of health status. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the WAI has shown evidence of reliability and validity in this study, supporting its use in individual and collective health surveillance by occupational health professionals. The factorial solution that was found has previously been reported in another international context. However, further research is needed to resolve the discrepancies detected in the role of some subscales between other national and international studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2016

Background: It is important to validate scales related to cancer screening beliefs in order to better understand perceptions. The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the colorectal cancer screening belief scale based on Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 600 persons referred to outpatient laboratory units in Iran through a convenience sampling procedure. In this cross-sectional study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine construct validity of scale. Results: Through exploratory factor analysis, 52 items of the scale converged to five constructs of HBM with 4 items omission. Construct validity was determined by confirmatory factor analysis through which correlated model was supported. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was obtained as 0.78, which indicates reliability of the scale. Conclusions: The study findings showed that this scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for measuring HBM constructs about colorectal cancer screening with the fecal occult blood test.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.283-300
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to grasp health-promoting behavior of the elderly and to identify variables related to them in order to facilitate nursing intervention for health promotion of this population. The subjects for this study were 291 old persons obtained by cluster sampling from twenty general social welfare centers located in Tague. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from August 13 to September 13, 1996. Questionnaires were developed based on Sherer and others' Self-Efficacy scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale, Wallston and other's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Northern illinois University's Helath Self Rating Scale, Walker and others' Health Promotion Lifestyles Profile. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple regression, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, MANOVA, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. For the practice of health-promoting behavior, the mean score was 2.89 and range was 3.59 to 2.09. The factor of the highest mean score was regular diet(M=3.42) and factor of the lowest mean score as stress management(M=2.27). 2. The combination of self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, family number, and average monthly pocket money explained 30.0% of the variance of health-promoting behavior. 3. With regard to the relationship between health-promoting behavior and cognitive perceptual factor, self-efficacy correlated positively with health-promoting behavior(r=.4951, P=.0001), self-esteem correlated positively(r=.3263, P=.0001), internal health locus of control correlated positively(r=.3244, P=.0001), perceived health status correlated positively(r=.1355, P=.0274). 4. According to age(F=2.50, P=.0431), sex(t=2.14, P=.0332), marital status(F=7.85, P=.0005), education(F=5.44, P=.0003), family number(F=11.18, P=.0001), people living together(F=7.21, P=.0009), previous occupation(F=5.83, P=.0001), average monthly pocket money(F=7.27, P=.0001), there were differences of health-promoting behavior. The above findings show that health-promoting behavior are related to demographic characteristics, four cognitive perceptual factors(self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived health status). On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made ; 1. Nursing interventions enhancing exercise or activity, accountability for health, stress management of the elderly must be provided. 2. Nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy which is most significant effect on health-promoting behavior must be developed.